填空题If a business wants to survive in the changing world, it should be______.

填空题Is Headphone Good for Work? A. Marissa Yu works in a busy office, surrounded by 120 co-workers in a mostly open space. Yet when she has a question, needs an update or tries to reach some of her colleagues, she might as well talk to the wall. B. "You call their name one, two, three, four times, and they"re not responding," says Ms. Yu, director of interiors in Houston for PageSoutherlandPage, an architecture and engineering firm. "You dial their extension and they"re not picking up. Pretty soon you"re throwing rubber bands across the wall." C. The culprit: ear buds playing music and noise-cancelling headphones. Roughly three-quarters of Ms. Yu"s co-workers wear them, and they"re increasingly becoming de-rigueur ear-wear in offices throughout the country. Many people argue that headphones are good at blocking distractions. And while a few employers ban their use, most tolerate it as a way for employees to regain some privacy in an open-plan office. D. Research offers little support for the idea that listening to music improves concentration, says Robert Desimone, director of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT. In one of several small Taiwanese studies, listening to music with lyrics was linked to lower scores on tests of concentration in a study of 102 college students, published online earlier this year by the journal Work. In separate research, listening to hip-hop music was linked to a significant reduction in reading-test scores, based on a study of 133 adults published in 2010 in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. E. A third study of 89 students aged 19 to 28, led by researchers at Fu Jen Catholic University in Taiwan, found that workers who either loved or hated music being played where they were working scored lowest on tests of attention, compared with workers who didn"t have strong feelings about the music or who worked in rooms without music. People naturally pay more attention to music they strongly like or dislike, hurting their ability to focus, the study says. In the office, listening to music with lyrics while trying to read or write can distract employees by overtaxing verbal-processing regions of the brain, neuroscientists say. F. The prefrontal cortex, the brain"s control centre, must work harder to force itself not to process any strong verbal stimuli, such as catchy lyrics, that compete with the work you"re attempting, Dr. Desimone says. The more cognitive work required to screen out unwanted input, the fewer cognitive resources remain for the task at hand. And the longer you try to concentrate amid competing distractions, the worse your performance is likely to be. "Attention takes mental effort, and we can get mentally tired," he says. G. Individuals respond differently to music, scientists say. For some, a familiar piece of music without lyrics can serve as a sound-blocker, helping screen out a colleague"s loud voice. Using noise-reducing headphones can be an even stronger aid to concentration. Headphones can screen out as much as three-fourths of office noise, says Steven Orfield, president of Orfield Laboratories Inc., an architectural design, research and testing company in Minneapolis. But when you take them off, "for a couple of minutes, everything is going to sound way too loud for you" while your ears adjust, Mr. Orfield says. "You may be speaking louder to others." H. Noise-cancelling headphones, which were developed by Bose Corp. for use by airline pilots more than 20 years ago, are often marketed to air travellers; they work especially well on planes because they help cancel the low-frequency rumble of jet engines. In an office, they may help quiet the higher-frequency sounds of speech and other ordinary activity, so "the user enjoys a controllable, comfortable level of loudness," says David Reynolds, a facility management consultant in Jackson, Miss. This reduces fatigue for some people, he says. I. But headphones or ear buds can cause resentment among co-workers. Their use was cited as a major office-etiquette problem in a 2010 survey of 1,400 chief information officers by Robert Half Technology. J. Micki Washington, 33, a project manager at PageSoutherlandPage, says she needs music to work but tunes in to instrumentals or Brazilian jazz, with lyrics in a language she can"t understand. (Music with English lyrics can be so distracting that "I"ll have a tendency to sing along.") She plays louder, faster music in the morning to help her wake up, and softer, classical tunes when she needs to concentrate on a proposal. "That"s how I operate. I have to have some kind of background sound," she says. K. Employees at PageSoutherlandPage are free to do "whatever aids productivity," says Kurt Neubek, associate principal. While the company"s open-office plan aids collaboration, "everybody needs heads-down time, and putting on headphones is an easy way to do that." L. Patrick Ramsey, 24, a software engineer at Name.com, a Denver-based Internet domain-name registry and Web-hosting company, also listens mostly to instrumental music on ear buds, but only when he is writing code. Music interferes when he tries to write email or document summaries, but its "repetitive beat" helps him with the logical, step-by-step process of programming, he says. He focuses so deeply that he almost jumped out of his skin when his boss, Bill Mushkin, tapped his shoulder recently while he was tuned into his favourite jazz-reggae group, Thievery Corporation. M. Mr. Mushkin, Name.corn"s founder and CEO, says he just wanted to say hi and ask Mr. Ramsey for one of the bananas on his desk. He lets his 30 employees work in whatever way is best for them, he says. "The challenge is giving them what they need to do their jobs without letting the whole place go completely insane." N. The trend towards open office design, with low or no partitions and lots of glass walls, can increase distractions and has made headphones more popular. Projected 2012 unit sales of headphones and earphones are up 41% since 2008, the Consumer Electronics Association says, and many of those new purchases will wind up at the office. O. Alan Henry once sat at a cubicle on a previous job positioned between a conference-room door and the front door for the entire office, he says. Traffic past his desk was so heavy that he wore noise-cancelling headphones, glossy black "Beats by Dr. Dre", nearly 70% of the time. When two co-workers grumbled that Mr. Henry was unapproachable, he explained his code: If they approached him and he removed the headphones from only one ear, he didn"t have time to talk. But if he took off the entire headset, that "means I have time, and pull up a chair", says Mr. Henry, 32, of Washington D.C., a writer for Lifehacker.com, a software and personal productivity site.

填空题In the past, women tended to assume that they would be overtakenby men in the race to the top. And, today's young women are far less 67. ______.philosophical about their status and are more aggressive in their 68. ______.resentment in being treated as in some way inferior than men. On the 69. ______.other hand, since lack of drive is one of the criticisms leveled with 70. ______.women, perhaps this aggression is a positive advantage. Some youngwomen, though, find it very difficult to come to term with the feeling that 71. ______.characteristics of authority which are acceptable in men are often notacceptable in women. A reason often advanced for women fail to reach the 72. ______.top is their desire for balance between work and a life outside work.Employers know this and tend, when a woman with young childrenapplies for promotion, treat the fact that she has young children as an 73. ______.important factor and, giving the choice, are more likely to give promotion 74. ______.to. a man than to her. What about women whose children are almost grown up? Well, thewriters of the study recommend a far much more positive approach to 75. ______.women who want to return to their careers before their children are off 76. ______.their hands.

填空题The mechanism_____________________________ has not been dearly understood.(大脑细胞储存记忆的机理)

填空题Freud believed that in childhood some people experience deep feelings they arc ashamed of and these feelings often fade away into the unconscious mind, but may return in dreams in later life.

填空题By the time you get to New York, I ______ (已经动身去) London.

填空题The recent spate of mergers and ______ could influence job stability in the field of medical sales representatives.

填空题Flooding is the most destructive weather disaster in the last hundred years.

填空题Increased competition among companies and labor saving technology will contribute to a loss of jobs in______.

填空题The implication seems to be that _________________________ (不可能在进行经济改革的同时实现民主).

填空题According to Mark Kanttrowitz, what is the preferred lender for students?

填空题Many people are too scared to pursue their dreams because they are unwilling to ______.

填空题What should we do for the digital division, according to the author?