填空题The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his arguments in ______(赞成修改税法).

填空题According to Ramjee, the combination of ______ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting during intercourse.

填空题According to the text, what is more difficult to protect in the online shopping?

填空题According to European concepts, a French architect designed a modem Indian city, named ______.

填空题The show team reconstructed the gunfight in O. K. Corral to understand fully what happened ______.

填空题 The Interview At the Demobilization Centre, after the usual round of medical inspection, return of service equipment, and issue of allowances and civilian clothing, I had been interviewed by an officer whose job was to advise on careers. On learning that I had a science degree and varied experience in engineering technology, he expressed the opinion that I would have no difficulty in finding a good civilian job. Industry was reorganizing itself for post - war production and there was already an urgent demand for qualified technologists, especially in the field of electronics, which was my special interest. I had been very much encouraged by this, as I had made a point of keeping up with new trends and developments by borrowing books through the Central Library System, and by subscribing to various technical journals and magazines, so I felt quite confident of my ability to hold down a good job. He had given me a letter of introduction to the Higher Appointments Office in Tavistock Square, London, and suggested that I call on them as soon as I had settled myself in "digs" and had enjoyed a short holiday... Shortly after my return, I visited the Appointments Office, where I was interviewed by two courteous, impersonal men who questioned me closely on my academic background, service career and experience in industry. I explained that after graduating I had worked for two years as a Communication Engineer for the Standard Oil Company at their Aruba Refinery, earning enough to pay for postgraduate study in England. At the end of the interview they told me that I would be notified of any vacancies suitable to my experience and qualifications. Two weeks later I received a letter from the Appointments Office, together with a list of three firms, each of which had vacancies for qualified Communication Engineers. I promptly wrote to each one, stating my qualifications and experience, and soon received very encouraging replies, each with an invitation to an interview. Everything was working very smoothly and I felt on top of the world. I was nervous as I stood in front of the Head Office in Mayfair; this firm had a high international reputation and the thought of being associated with it added to my excitement. Anyway, I reasoned, this was the first of the interviews, and if I failed here there were still two chances remaining. The uniformed attendant politely opened the large doors for me, and as I approached the receptionist's desk she smiled quite pleasantly. "Good morning." Her brows were raised in polite enquiry. "Good morning," I replied, "My name is Braithwaite. I am here for an interview with Mr. Symonds." I had taken a great deal of care with my appearance that morning. I was wearing my best suit with the fight shirt and tie and pocket handkerchief; my shoes were smartly polished, my teeth were well brushed and I was wearing my best smile--all this had passed the very critical inspection of Mr. and Mrs. Belmont with whom I lived. I might even say that I was quite proud of my appearance. Yet the receptionist's smile suddenly disappeared. She reached for a large diary and consulted it as if to verify my statement, then she picked up the telephone and, cupping her hand around the mouthpiece as if for greater privacy, spoke rapidly into it, watching me stealthily the while. "Will you come this way?" She set off down a wide corridor, her back straight and stiff with a disapproval which was echoed in the tap-tap of her high heels. At the end of the corridor we entered an automatic lift; the girl maintained a silent hostility and avoided looking at me. At the second floor we stepped out into a passage on to which several rooms opened; pausing briefly outside one of them she said "In there," and quickly retreated to the lift. I knocked on the door and entered a spacious room where four men were seated at a large table. One of them rose, walked around to shake hands with me and introduced his colleagues, and then indicated a chair in which I seated myself. After a brief enquiry into my place of birth and R. A.F. service experience, they began to question me closely on telecommunications and the development of electronics in that field. The questions were studied, deliberate, and suddenly the nervousness which had troubled me all the morning disappeared; now I was confident, at ease with a familiar subject. They questioned me on theory, equipment, circuits, operation; on my training in the U. S. A. , and on my experience there and in South America. They were thorough, but I was relaxed now; the years of study, field work and postgraduate research were about to pay off, and I knew that I was holding my own, and even enjoying it. And then it was all over. Mr. Symonds, the gentleman who had welcomed me, leaned back in his chair and looked from one to another of his associates. They nodded to him, and he said: "Mr. Braithwaite, my associates and I are completely satisfied with your replies and feel sure that in terms of qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the post we have in mind. But we are faced with a certain difficulty. Employing you would mean placing you in a position of authority over a number of our English employees, many of whom have been with us a very long time, and we feel that such an appointment would unfavorably affect the balance of good relationship which has always obtained in this firm. We could not offer you that post without the responsibility, neither would we ask you to accept the one or two other vacancies of a different type which do exist, for .they are unsuitable for someone with your high standard of education and ability. So, I'm afraid, we will not be able to use you." At this he rose, extended his hand in the courtesy of dismissal. I felt drained of strength and thought; yet somehow I managed to leave that office, navigate the passage, lift and corridor, and walk out of the building into the busy sunlit street. I had just been brought face to face with something I had either forgotten or completely ignored for more than six exciting years my black skin. It had not mattered when I volunteered for aircrew service in 1940; it had not mattered during the period of flying training or when I received my wings and was posted to a squadron; it had not mattered in the exciting uncertainties of operational flying, of living and loving from day to day, brothered to men who like myself had no tomorrow and could not afford to waste today on the absurdities of prejudice; it had not mattered when, uniformed and winged, I visited theatres and dance halls, pubs and private houses. I had forgotten about my black face during those years. I saw it daily yet never noticed its colour. I was an airman in flying kit while on His Majesty's business, smiled at, encouraged, welcomed by grateful civilians in bars or on the street, who saw not me, but the uniform and its relationship to the glorious, undying Few. Yes, I had forgotten about my skin when I had so eagerly discussed my post-war prospects with the Careers Officer and the Appointments people; I had quite forgotten about it as I cheerfully entered that grand, imposing building... Now, as I walked sadly away, I consciously turned my eyes away from the sight of my face reflected in the large plate-glass shopwindows. Disappointment and anger were a solid bitter lump rising inside me; I hurried into the nearest public lavatory and was violently sick.

填空题Recently, book publishers got some good news. Researchers gave 852 disadvantaged students 12 books to take home at the end of the school year. They did this for three (36) years. Then the researchers looked at those students' test scores. They found that the students who brought the books home had (37) higher reading scores than other students. These students were less (38) by the "summer slide"—the decline that especially afflicts lower-income students during the vacation months. In fact, just having those 12 books seemed to have as much (39) effect as attending summer school. This study, along with many others, (40) the tremendous power of books. We already knew, from research in 27 countries, that kids who grow up in a home with 500 books stay in school longer and do better. This new study suggests that introducing books into homes that may not have them also produces significant educational gains. Recently, Internet experts got some bad news. They examined computer use among a half-million 5th through 8th graders in North Carolina. They found that the spread of home computers and high-speed Internet access was associated with significant (41) in math and reading scores. This study, following up on others, finds that broadband access is not necessarily good for kids and may be (42) to their academic performance. These two studies (43) into the debate that is now surrounding Nicholas Carr's book, "The Shallows." Carr argues that the Internet is leading to a short-attention-span culture. He (44) a pile of research showing that the multi-distraction, hyperlink world degrades people's abilities to engage in deep thought or serious contemplation. Carr's argument has been challenged. His critics point to (45) that suggests that playing computer games and performing Internet searches actually improves a person's ability to process information and focus attention. The Internet, they say, is a boon to schooling, not a threat. A. affected I. successive B. significantly J. turndown C. feed K. objection D. positive L. cites E. succeeding M. evidence F. poisonous N. illustrates G. narrates O. declines H. harmful

填空题It seems like everyone loves to hate credit card companies, but some firms are more unpopular than others, and the industry as a whole faces a distrusting public. That's the conclusion of the fourth annual customer satisfaction survey of 11 major card issuers by J.D. Power and Associates, the marketing-information firm. It found that American Express, Discover Card and U.S. Bank scored above- average, while HSBC, Citi Cards and Capital One brought up the rear. While customers were a bit more satisfied than they were in last year, the number "claiming loyalty" to their card companies "continues to slip as skepticism that card issuers are focused on customers' best interests remains," J.D. Power states. And that overall improvement in satisfaction was pretty small-up to 714 on a l,000-point scale, from 705 last year. In other bad news, the number of customers say they "definitely will not switch" their main cards in the next 12 months dropped to 22%, from 30% in 2008 and 25% in 2009. In other words, 78% think they might switch and are considering the trouble and expenses a switch might entail. Why are customers so down on their card companies? According to the J.D. Power, online consumer conversations about credit cards indicate that many of those consumers perceive their relationships with credit card companies as an ongoing game of "cat and mouse," with each side trying to outsmart the other. Social media discussions regarding credit cards also indicate that many consumers view even CARD Act disclosures with cynicism, (嘲讽). The CARD Act, passed last year, prohibits some of the most disliked practices, like applying rate increases to balances built up under older, lower rates. It also required better disclosures of things like how long it would take to retire a card debt with minimum payments. So if you're unhappy with your card, should you switch? Maybe, but keep in mind you could face balance-transfer fees as well as disruption to your credit history. Also, remember there is a correct way to improve your satisfaction with the card you already have: keep its use to a minimum and pay off the entire balance every month. And if you're really unhappy with your card, use the search tool to find a better one.

填空题Not until the train started to move____________(汤姆才赶到车站).

填空题The origins of bottled water can be (36) back to the earliest (37) . Well aware of water's health facts, the Romans searched for and developed sources as they set about (38) their empire. The spa movement that began to (39) in Europe in the eighteenth century had its origins in baths dating from Roman times. Science and (40) touted natural mineral water's (41) effects for bathing, showering and drinking. For example, as early as 1760, people came to Contrexeville in France for a cure to (42) kidney stones. The spa tradition was also developing in many other countries, including Italy and the Americas. Cold spa waters were bottled for the first time in France in the 1850s. The legal permit to bottle Vittel Grande Source natural mineral water was (43) as early as 1855. (44) . In 1845, Poland Spring water was bottled for sale in threegallon demi-johns. In South America, Sao Lourenco bottled water appeared in Brazil in 1890. (45) the haute bourgeoisie, captains of industry, politicians, royalty, and so on. It was bottled in glass or stoneware, with porcelain or cork stoppers. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, (46) . Bottling methods changed as consumption spread, and by the mid-twentieth century, global production had climbed to several hundred million bottles.

填空题Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea．Wizen the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 3 6 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard．For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to．fill in the missing information． For these blanks，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written． Water projects in the United States gained a new principle in the 1930’s．And during this time the nation suffered its worst economic{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}and the Great Plains region suffered its worst{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}in recorded history．As the economy sank into a deep depression and{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}rates increased，the political climate for direct federal government{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in water projects improved．President Franklin Roosevelt’s first 100 days in office brought a{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}of new laws to deal with the{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}economic depression． The natural pattern of the Tennessee River was{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}by large spring flows that produced {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}floods and low summer flows that inhibited navigation{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}．To counter these naturalobstacles．the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)，a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region．including theauthority to build dams and reservoirs and to generate and sell hydroelectric power．{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}.The TVA inherited the Wilson Dam，and by the beginning of the Second World War it had completed six additional multipurpose dams with power plants and locks for navigation．Investments in dams and hydropower facilities within the Tennessee Valley also received high priority during the war． {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}．The NIRA also gave the United States President unprecedented powers to initiate public works，including water projects．

填空题 {{B}}Should We Ban Human Cloning or Not?{{/B}} The world was stunned by the news in the summer of 1995, when a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut, and his research team, successfully cloned Dolly the sheep using the technique of nuclear transfer. Replacing the DNA of one sheep's egg with the DNA of another sheep's the team created Dolly. Plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years, but before Wilmut’s announcement, it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on larger mammals and life forms. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning. Some of the most powerful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clinton swiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills were put in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning because it was deemed as a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But what, exactly, is bad about it? From an ethical point of view, it is difficult to see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to assume that someone would, for example, break into Napoleon's Tomb, steal some DNA and make a bunch of emperors. In reality, infertile people who use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos would probably use cloning. Do the potential harms outweigh the benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they don't. Therefore, we should not rush placing a ban on a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk, homosexual, or single people to become parents. Do human beings have a right to reproduce? No one has the moral right to tell another person that they should not be able to have children, and I don't see why Bill Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what right does society have to limit the means? Essentially au reproduction done these days is with medical help at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number one killer of adult women. Some forms of medical help are more invasive than others. With in vitro (体外的) fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in a lab and surgically implanted in the womb. Less than two decades ago, a similar concern was raised over the ethical issues involving "test-tube babies". Today, nearly 30,000 such babies have been born in the United States alone. This miracle has made many parents happy. So what principle says that one combination of genetic material in a flask is acceptable, but not another? Nature clones people all the time. Approximately one in 1,000 births is an identical twin. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristics twins have in common, they are still different people. They have their own identities, their own thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, get different diseases, and have different experiences with marriage, alcohol, community leadership, etc. Twins have different personalities as would cloned individuals. Even if someone cloned several Napoleons, each would be different and even more unique than twins; the cloned child would be raised in a different setting. Therefore, cloning does not rob individuals of their personality. Perhaps the strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the child of parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in advance what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond. Because the parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the long run. On the other hand, most children want to have their own space. Simply because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatically condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracial adoption. As with adoption, in vitro fertilization, and the use of donor sperm, how the child will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning far more easily than we might think, just as it happened with in vitro fertilization. One recurring image in anti-cloning propaganda is of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit young adults than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning isn't the same as genetic engineering. No one can make another superman and his super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but nothing is certain. Some might think that cloning is playing God. However, can you really say that you know God's intentions? There is substantial disagreement as to what God's will is. Armstrong wrote, anyone who has truly proved that God exists, that God isn't only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his own body and as unique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first family. Though God's miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that God's own Word says He used Adam's rib—physical bone and tissue—to create Eve. Another argument against cloning is that it would only be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new technologies. Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well. The U. S. Federal Government should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal. It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research and possible spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has respected general rights to control one's body regarding reproduction, and finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring. Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the United States government does not support research on human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East. Much cloning may also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States policies. Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research, owe their lives to previous medical discoveries. Don't let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.

填空题When going to Tibet, we must ______(考虑到当地特殊的自然环境).

填空题Sarah bridges her two cultures with ease and she still values ______.