填空题Everybody loathes it, but everybody does it. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans 11 the practice. In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both 12 the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip. But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very 13 : only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the 14 cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean 15 from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being 16 by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has 17 really caught on at all. How to 18 for these national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper"s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, "in America, where people are 19 and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their 20 , no doubt. A. reward B. extroversion C. additional D. weak E. replaced F. ever G. abuse H. account I. introversion J. never K. accepted L. torture M. outgoing N. hate O. vague

填空题Thank you very much indeed. ______ (要不是因为你的忠告) I really didn't know what I should have done.

填空题S4. Most human beings live a{{U}} {{/U}}life or far beyond the present and the near future.

填空题The final judgment was that everyone involved should get a third of the fish.

填空题We Modern people's bodies react to stress in different ways from our ancestors' bodies did.

填空题Promotions are usually used to attract low-income shoppers.

填空题Since last year, Professor Wang ______(研究取得重大进展).

填空题Not only ______ (顾客不仅抱怨这里的服务),they also refused to pay for it.

填空题The passage briefly introduces the types, symptoms, treatment and consequence of depression on the health of people.

填空题According to the National Institutes of Health, there are more Americans become permanent deaf than before.

填空题The term punctuated equilibria refers to ______.

填空题下面是关于学校生活的三对句子。每对句子中，第一句是原句，第二旬是对第一句的改写。要求根据原句和第二句中已经给出的部分用一至五个单词补全第二 句。(注意，不能改变原句的意思。)

填空题 The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth inthe 1980s. The cause of this term is the likeness between the biologicalvirus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of thisterm came an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written 62. ______by Thomas J. Ryan published in 1977. Human viruses invade a livingcell and turn them into a factory for manufacturing viruses. 63. ______Therefore, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching 64. ______a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached by host program, the viruses then look for other programs 65. ______to" infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout ahard disk or an entire organization. At some points, the situation will be 66. ______totally determined by how the virus was programmed. The timing of theattack can be linked to a number of situations, included a certain time 67. ______or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level ofthe user and the number of times a file is used. So-called" benign" virusesmight simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM'smain computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. Malignantviruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wiping 68. ______out data, to delete files or to format the hard disk. There are two main types of viruses: shell and intrusive system.Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and don't modifythe original program. Shell programs are easy to write, that is why about 69. ______half of viruses are of this type. Intrusive viruses invade an existing programand actual insert a portion of themselves into the host program. 70. ______Intrusive viruses are hard to write and very difficult to remove with 71. ______damaging the host file.

填空题_____________________(我们需要的不是更多的时间，是更少的欲望). We need to switch off the cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves.