填空题______ (假设能源的需求继续增长的话) at the United States, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.

填空题During the Civil War Mark Twain became a river pilot.

填空题______ (无论会遇到到少困难)we will manage to accomplish our goal.

填空题To trade with the third world is mainly because that it is full of natural resources.

填空题 The result of automation may well be an increase inemployment, since it is expected that vast industries will growup around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automationequipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transitionwith a minimum of convenience and distress to the workers 62．______involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit ofthe increased production and lower costs made possible byautomation should be shared by workers in the form of higherwages, more leisure, and improved living standards. To protect the interests of its members in the era of 63．______automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. Oneof these is the promotion of supplementary employment benefit 64．______plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved with such 65．______a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment,he would have a strong drive for planning new installments so as to 66．______cause the less possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Such 67．______unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, required that 68．______permanently dismissed workers are paid a sum of money based 69．______on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the"improvement factor", that calls for wage increases based 70．______on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that laborwill rely mainly on reduction in working hour in order to gain 71．______a full share in the fruits of automation.

填空题At the party we found that shy girl______(一直紧紧守在妈妈的身边).

填空题 {{B}}Electronic Waste{{/B}} It has been known since ancient times that certain plants regularly opentheir leaves in daytime and close them at night. It was assumed which this 62. ______periodic change was triggered by the alternating sunlight and darkness. Suchleaves stick to their daily routine even when keeping in constant darkness. 63. ______ What is circadian rhythm? Many biological processes follow a 24-hours 64. ______schedule. These cycles are called circadian rhythms. These innate rhythms aregoverned by sophisticated chemical mechanisms can be described as biological 65. ______clocks. Such rhythms are important for humans too! We sleep through mostof the hours of darkness and are awaken through most of the hours of 66. ______daylight. Body temperature increases during the day and decreases during thenight. The secretion of various hormones that controls life's processes rises 67. ______and falls to a circadian rhythm. How does this relate to health? Circadian rhythms are important fordesirable functioning of the processes vital to health. This is most effectivelyillustrated and the normal circadian rhythms are disrupted by lack of sleep or 68. ______by crossing time miles. It may take days or even hours for all the bodies 69. ______circadian rhythms to read just appropriately. The turmoil (混乱) that resultsfrom the readjustment process when time zones are crossed experienced as the 70. ______phenomenon of jet lag. This is also experienced by people who do shift work.Understanding circadian rhythms may be irrelevant to the understanding and 71. ______treatment of disease. Therapy can be more effective and toxic effects reducedwhen drugs are administered at carefully selected times of the day.

填空题Anxiety is a normal response to physical danger, so it is very useful and very popular among people.

填空题The word "gizmos" (paragraph 2) most probably means ______.

填空题This piece of writing is ______(与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像新闻报道).

填空题Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. People with disabilities comprise a large but diverse segment of the population. It is {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. Approximately half of these disabilities are "developmental," i. e., they occur {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication and employment. Most other disabilities are considered {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, i. e., caused by outside forces. Before the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for such conditions as stroke or spinal cord {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}was unavailable. People whose disabilities should not have inherently affected their life span were often so mistreated that they {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}have such basic needs as food, shelter and medical treatment met. Unfortunately, these basics are often all that is available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability. In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to combat these {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}of civil rights. Disabled people formed grassroots coalitions to advocate their rights to integration and meaningful equality of opportunity. Congress {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}by passing major legislation, recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class. In the mid-1970s, critical legislation mandated (规定) access to education, public transportation, and public facilities, and prohibited employment {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}by federal agencies or employers receiving federal funds.

填空题They want to expose those educational disadvantaged students to creative, enriching educational experiences for a five-year period. A. educational B. enriching C. experiences D. five-year

填空题The visitors planned to ______ (花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).

填空题There will still be unexpected storms _________________________(即使如今我们拥有精密复杂的天气预报技术)。

填空题Although cliches (陈词滥调) about the "vulnerability" of women in the economy have been disproved by hard Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data, we want to believe them. When women lose jobs, the victims are women. When men lose jobs, the victims are, um, women, because they;have to make up for that lost male income. The scale of male job losses was evident even when the stimulus bill was passed. That did not stop incoming Congressman Jared Polis, a Colorado Democrat, from warning Obama that "gender imbalance in occupations related to basic facility development means that the direct job creation will benefit mostly men." Men still make up 53% of the workforce, and the percentage of society's work they do is considerably higher, owing to women's shorter hours and more frequent leave for child-rearing. In prosperous times, women may yearn for more time at home. But economic realities have a way of washing away these yearnings. One such reality is the recession. Another is that women receive 58% of the bachelor's degrees in this country, along with half the professional degrees. Should we expect men to give up some control over an economy they have so thoroughly messed up? No. We have no examples of that ever having happened. What we have plenty of examples of—you can see variants of it all over the developing world — is economies in which women do all the demanding work while men sit around smoking and chatting in coffeehouses and barbershops. For decades, policymakers have been attentive to the flaws of a patriarchal(父权制), middle-class, single-earner, nuclear-family-oriented model of family economics — and their attention remains fixed on it. Whether or not that model dominated American society as much as its critics claimed, we are now leaving it behind. Maybe there is a humane model that can replace it. We have not found one yet.

填空题Olympic Games and Spirit Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant (盛典)of athletic skill and competitive spirit. These two opposing elements of the Olympics are not a modern invention. The ancient Olympic Games, part of a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god, were the biggest event in their world. They were the scene of political rivalries between people from different parts of the Greek world, and the site of controversies, boasts, public announcements and humiliations. In this section you can explore the context of the Olympics.The Greek City-states and the Religious Festival One difference between the ancient and modern Olympic Games is that the ancient games were played within the context of a religious festival. The Games were held in honor of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, and a sacrifice of 100 oxen was made to the god on the middle day of the festival. Athletes prayed to the gods for victory, and made gifts of animals, produce, or small cakes, in thanks for their successes. According to the legend, the altar of Zeus stood on a spot struck by a thunderbolt, which had been hurled by the god from his throne high atop Mount Olympus, where the gods assembled. Over time, the Games flourished, and Olympia became a central site for the worship of Zeus. Individuals and communities donated buildings, statues, altars and other dedications to the god. The most spectacular sight at Olympia was the gold and ivory cult (膜拜仪式)statue of Zeus enthroned, which was made by the sculptor Pheidias and placed inside the temple. The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and stood over 42 feet high. A spiral staircase took visitors to an upper floor of the temple, for a better view of the statue. People who were not Greek could not compete in the Games, but Greek athletes traveled hundreds of miles, from colonies of the Greek city-states. These colonies were as far away as modern-day Spain, Italy, Libya, Egypt, the Ukraine, and Turkey. A city-state, called a polls, was a typical Greek settlement, with a fortified city and a defensible citadel at the center of a territory, which might include other villages. The polls of Attica was made up of Athens and its environs (近郊), for example, and the Acropolis was its fortress. The Greek city-states began to establish colonies from the mid-8th century on. After the 2nd century A. D., the Roman Empire brought even more competitors to the Olympic Games, but regional differences always gave the Olympics an international flavor.Excellence and the Competitive Spirit Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games. The emphasis on individual athletic achievement through public competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called arete. Aristocratic men who attained this ideal, through their outstanding words or deeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this code feared public shame and disgrace. Not all athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Those who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium. The statues were inscribed with messages describing the offenses, warning others not to cheat, reminding athletes that victory was won by skill and not by money, and emphasizing the Olympic spirit of piety toward the gods and fair competition.The Olympic Truce(休战) A truce (in Greek, ekecheiria, which literally means "holding of hands") was announced before and during each of the Olympic festivals, to allow visitors to travel safely to Olympia. An inscription (题字) describing the truce was written on a bronze discus which was displayed at Olympia. During the truce, wars were suspended, armies were prohibited from entering Elis or threatening the Games, and legal disputes and the carrying out of death penalties were forbidden. The Olympic truce was faithfully observed, for the most part, although the historian Thucydides recounts that the Lacedaemonians were banned from participating in the Games, after they attacked a fortress in Lepreum, a town in Elis, during the truce. The Lacedaemonians complained that the truce had not yet been announced at the time of their attack. But the Eleans fined them two thousand minae, two for each soldier, as the law required. Another international truce was enforced during the annual Mysteries, a religious rite held at the major sanctuary site of Eleusis. The truces of Olympia and Eleusis not only allowed worshippers and athletes to travel more safely; they also provided a common basis for peace among the Greeks. Lysistrata, the title character in a comic play by Aristophanes, makes this point when she tries to convince the Athenians and the Spartans to end their war.The Ancient Athletes Athletic training was a basic, part of every Greek boy's education, and any boy who excelled in sport might set his sights on competing in the Olympics. The Olympic competition included preliminary matches or heats to select the best athletes for the final competition. Ancient writers tell the stories of athletes who worked at other jobs and did not spend all their time in training. For example, one of Alexander the Great's couriers, Philonides, who was from Chersonesus in Crete, once won the pentathlon, which included discus, javelin, long jump, and wrestling competitions as well as running. However, just as in the modern Olympics, an ancient athlete needed mental dedication, top conditioning, and outstanding athletic ability in order to make the cut. Self-confidence was also an asset. A Libyan athlete, Eubotas, was so sure of his victory in a running event that he had his victory statue made before the Games were held. When he won, he was able to dedicate his statue on the same day. Many athletes employed professional trainers to coach them, and they adhered to training and dietary routines much like athletes today. The Greeks debated the proper training methods. Aristotle wrote that overtraining was to be avoided, claiming that when boys trained too young, it actually sapped them of their strength. He believed that three years after puberty should be spent on other studies before a young man turned to athletic exertions, because physical and intellectual development could not occur at the same time. Victorious athletes were professionals in the sense that they lived off the glory of their achievement ever afterwards. Their hometowns might reward them with free meals for the rest of their lives, cash, tax breaks, honorary appointments, or leadership positions in the community. The victors were memorialized in statues and also in victory odes, commissioned from famous poets.Cultural Achievements and the Games The Olympic festival not only celebrated excellence in athletics. It also provided the occasion for Greeks to produce lasting cultural achievements in architecture, mathematics, sculpture, and poetry. The ancient Greeks were architectural innovators. The temple of Zeus, designed by the architect Libon, was one of the largest Doric temples built in Greece. Libon tried to build the temple in an ideal system of proportions, so that the distance between the columns was harmoniously proportional to their height, and the other architectural elements were sized proportionately as well. The Greek mathematician Euclid expressed this ideal ratio in his Elements, a book on geometry which is said to be the second most popular book of all time, after the Bible. Greek sculptors developed new poses showing energetic movement, and depicting the muscles and shapes of the body naturally. Many sculptures were of athletes, such as Myron's famous statue of the Discus Thrower (Diskobolos). We know the names of some sculptors because ancient authors, including the satirist Lucian, wrote them down. The cultural achievement most directly tied to the Olympic games was poetry commissioned in honor of athletic victors. These poems, called Epinicians, were written by the most famous poets of the day, including Pindar, Bacchylides, and Simonides, and they were extremely popular. Proof of this is that the playwright Aristophanes portrays an average, not especially literary Athenian man who asks his son to sing a particular forty-year-old Epinician poem composed by Simonides. The poem, and the athlete, live on in people's memories long after the day of victory. The Epinician odes were written to immortalize the athletic victors, and they have lasted longer than many of the statues and inscriptions which were made for the same purpose.