填空题I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner____________(我越是激动).

填空题What is the inevitable result of an individual's efforts in adjusting himself to the society?

填空题Until now, sorting the truth from deception has relied on subjective hunches about individuals' honesty, or else the (26) measurements of old- fashioned polygraph machines. But what if there were a sleek scientific tool that could peer into the human brain and prove (27) when a person was lying? As advances in neuroscience have mapped out the brain in (28) detail in recent years, businesses have been clamouring to commercialize the emerging research. The newest trend is for companies to offer (29) resonance imaging (MRI) scans that they claim (30) brain activity associated with deception. Already this year, new companies such as No Lie MR/and Cephos have been pitching defense lawyers, counter-intelligence agencies and (31) spouses with their promises to reveal the cold truth. Plenty of skeptics see the claims as overhyped, and there are serious worries about ethics and civil (32) . But with billions of pounds to be made if lie detection can be (33) merchandised, the sector is about to take off. The industry's premise is that (34) while a subject stretches inside an MRI scanner. So if, as you are being scanned, a computer screen asks questions to which you know the true answer, (35) . The claims are backed up by academic research which set out to find the truth about lying. There is already interest in Britain from defendants who see hope in the new technology. (36) , and bioethicists worry that--accurate or not--these tests will be misused.

填空题 Jazz captures the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the American {{U}}(36) {{/U}} come together. The solos are a celebration of {{U}}(37) {{/U}} brilliance that can't take place without these group efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more {{U}}(38) {{/U}} way. It is an expression of the African {{U}}(39) {{/U}} of American culture, a musical medium that {{U}}(40) {{/U}} the culture of the Africans whose culture came to {{U}}(41) {{/U}} much of what is American. Jazz brought together elements from Africa and Europe, {{U}}(42) {{/U}} them into a new culture, an expression unique to the Americas. Out of this fusion came an idea that Americans believe central to their identity: tolerance. Americans {{U}}(43) {{/U}} that in diversity is our strength. They learn every day that other cultures and peoples may make valuable contributions to our way of life. {{U}}(44) {{/U}}. Jazz reflects two contradictory facets of American life. {{U}}(45) {{/U}}, listening to each of the other players and building on their contributions to create a musical whole. On the other hand, the band features a soloist who is an individual at the extreme, a genius like Charlie Parker who explores musical territory where no one has ever gone before. In the same sense, {{U}}(46) {{/U}}.

填空题Play Is a Serious Business A. Playing is a serious business. Children engrossed in a make-believe world, fox cubs play-fighting or kittens teaming a ball of string aren"t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree and exuberant way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there"s much more to it than that. B. For a start, play can even cost animals their lives. Eighty percent of deaths among juvenile fur seals occur because playing pups fail to sport predators approaching. It is also extremely expensive in terms of energy. Playful young animals use around two or three per cent of energy cavorting, and in children that figure can be closer to fifteen per cent. "Even two or three per cent is huge," says John Byers of Idaho University. "You just don"t find animals wasting energy like that," he adds. There must be a reason. C. But if play is not simply a developmental hiccup, as biologists once thought, why did it evolve? The latest idea suggests that play has evolved to build big brains. In other words, playing makes you intelligent. Playfulness, it seems, is common only among mammals, although a few of the larger-brained birds also indulge. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest. D. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt, mate and socialise as adults. Another has been that it allows young animals to get in shape for adult life by improving their respiratory endurance. Both these ideas have been questioned in recent years. E. Take the exercise theory. If play evolved to build muscle or as a kind of endurance training, then you would expect to see permanent benefits. But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so many improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood. F. "If the function of play was to get into shape," says Byers, "the optimum time for playing would depend on when it was most advantageous for the young of a particular species to do so. But it doesn"t work like that." Across species, play tends to peak about halfway through the suckling stage and then decline. G. Then there"s the skills-training hypothesis. At first glance, playing animals do appear to be practising the complex manoeuvres they will need in adulthood. But a closer inspection reveals this interpretation as too simplistic. In one study, behavioural ecologist Tim Caro, from the University of California, looked at the predatory play of kittens and their predatory behaviour when they reached adulthood. He found that the way the cats played had no significant effect on their hunting prowess in later life. H. Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammals, he and his team found large brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true. I. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, because large brains are more sensitive to developmental stimuli than smaller brains, they require more play to help mould them for adulthood. "I concluded it"s to do with learning and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development," he says. J. According to Byers, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what"s going on. If you plot the amount of time juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a "sensitive period"—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. K. Think of the relative ease with which young children—but not infants or adults—absorb language. Other researchers have found that play in cats, rats and mice is at its most intense just as this "window of opportunity" reaches its peak. L. "People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by plays," says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behaviour involved was markedly more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. Such behaviour activates many different parts of the brain, he reasons. Bekoff likens it to a behavioural kaleidoscope, with animals at play jumping rapidly between activities. "They use behaviour from a lot of different contexts—predation, aggression, reproduction," he says. "Their developing brain is getting all sorts of stimulation." M. Not only is more of the brain involved in play that was suspected, but it also seems to activate higher cognitive processes. "There"s enormous cognitive involvement in play," says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates, ideas of reciprocity and the use of specialised signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioural flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. N. The idea is backed up by the work of Stephen Siviy of Gettysburg College. Siviy studied how bouts of play affected the brain"s levels of particular chemical associated with the stimulation and growth of nerve cells. He was surprised by the extent of the activation. "Play just lights everything up," he says. By allowing link-ups between brain areas that might not normally communicate with each other, play may enhance creativity. O. What might further experimentation suggest about the way children are raised in many societies today? We already know that rat pups denied the chance to play grow smaller brain components and fail to develop the ability to apply social rules when they interact with their peers. With schooling beginning earlier and becoming increasingly exam-orientated, play is likely to get even less of a look-in. Who knows what the result of that will be?

填空题To deposit dirty money in a legitimate premium life insurance policy remains a safe way for British drug traffickers to evade suspicion today.

填空题Daphna Edwards Ziman is one of the famous mothers in American history. She is the mother of an{{U}} (36) {{/U}}child, for Whom she had fought in the court. This lady is indeed doing a{{U}} (37) {{/U}}job. She has tried all she can to add some {{U}}(38) {{/U}}in the life of orphan kids, who are {{U}}(39) {{/U}}of the warm shelter of parenthood. She has been continuously{{U}} (40) {{/U}}hard for the rights of children everywhere. The life of Daphna Ziman is so{{U}} (41) {{/U}}that what she has done for children{{U}} (42) {{/U}}moves the American people. What's more, her story {{U}}(43) {{/U}}others to do something for the well-being of society. Daphna Edwards Ziman once said, "{{U}} (44) {{/U}}."As a matter of fact, many instances in the history of Daphna Edwards Ziman show that she has truly dedicated her life in advocating for kids. Her aim of life is to educate people that{{U}} (45) {{/U}}. It was in the year 1966 when Daphna Ziman established Children Uniting Nations that works for the welfare of children. For her excellent work, she was awarded with the "Triumph of the Spirit" award.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}, to whom she has given a new ray of hope. May God bless this great lady, who lives for others and strives to bring a smile on the children's faces.

填空题Wild ducks and other migratory (迁移的) birds could be important carriers of deadly bird flu, researchers say. Even so, the infectious-disease experts say there is no solid basis for killing wild birds to protect poultry and minimize the risk of human infection. The European team investigating the global spread of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza (禽流感) says certain duck species may be infecting wild bird populations. Geese and wading birds are also possible vectors (带菌者) of the virus, the team says. The team's study was led by Bjorn Olsen of Umea University in Sweden. Olsen runs Europe's largest wild-bird flu monitoring program. Studies have shown that influenza viruses in lake water, generally passed via bird feces(粪), can stay infectious for up to 30 days. The migration or feeding behavior of dabbling ducks could at least partially explain the spread of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, the researchers add. This group of duck species includes mallards, teal, pintails, and others that feed at or near the surface, where viruses in water are most likely to be picked up. Perhaps as a result, dabblers have the highest known rates of avian influenza infection, the study says. For instance, nearly 13 percent of mallards tested positive for bird flu. Other species tested include the American black duck (18.1 percent), blue-winged teal (11.5 percent), and northern pintail (11.2 percent). However, bird flu viruses appear to exist in ducks in a low-pathogenic form, meaning infection doesn't usually lead to severe illness and death. "Dabbling ducks are for sure the prime hosts for low pathogenic viruses," said study co-author Ron Fouehier, a virologist at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands. "But the big question is, how much of our knowledge about these viruses can we translate to high-pathogenic viruses such as the H5NI strain of bird flu?" In poultry avian viruses can mutate(变异) into more virulent influenza strains, including H5NI. If this mutated virus then finds its way back into wild populations, the birds could then spread the disease through migration. Some scientists have argued that wild birds infected with HN51 would be too ill to migrate. Swans, for instance, appear to be particularly vulnerable to the strain. "Swans apparently drop dead quite easily, but they are unlikely to be the vector because they are not going to fly very far if they are dead," Fouchier said. But the study team says that some birds that have been purposely infected for the sake of research show that wild birds can survive H5N1. "For some reason H5N1 has adapted so it no longer kills dabbling ducks," Fouchier said. This means the ducks may be able to spread the virus over a wide area. The study team says migratory geese may also be vectors, because they often graze in huge flocks, a practice that could encourage transmission. Migrating ducks, the researchers add, "could provide an intercontinental bridge" for bird flu to North America, which has not yet had any known cases of H5N1.

填空题Readers will have difficulty ___________________ (理解含意模棱两可的句子，因此你必须重写这个句子).

填空题When we think of oil, the part of the world that comes to mind first may be the Middle East. But (36) development takes place worldwide. Nigeria, for example, is the largest oil producer in Africa and the eleventh largest producer in the world. Russia is the world's second largest (37) of oil and the top (38) of natural gas. In 1960, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (39) the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its (40) may have reached a high point during the oil crisis (41) to the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. Arab oil producers (42) the United States, Western Europe and Japan because of their support for Israel. Since then, new discoveries and increased production in areas including countries of the former Soviet Union have provided more oil. Today OPEC has twelve members. The newest is Angola, which joined in 2007. High oil prices have brought new attention to OPEC. Its members produce about forty percent of the world's oil. But two of the world's top three oil exporters, Russia and Norway, are not OPEC members. National oil companies are (43) to control about eighty percent of the world's oil supply. (44) . President Hugo Chavez has moved to nationalize oil operations in Venezuela. And (45) held by Yukos. Yukos was Russia's largest private company, (46) .

填空题Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read ,for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to ,fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally', when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to Entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy, and{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Einstein's work led to such scientific{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1902, Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E=mc2, known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein publishedhis general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, created by the presence of mass. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}.He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.

填空题Thus the limits of a person's intelligence ___________________(取决于他所处的生活环境)，

填空题 America is a country that now sits atop the cherished myth that work provides rewards, that working people can support their families. It's a myth that has become so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words "once upon a time". Today 1.6 million New Yorkers suffer from "food insecurity", which is a fancy way of saying they don't have enough to eat. Some are the people who come in at night and clean the skyscrapers that glitter along the river. Some pour coffee and take care of the aged parents of the people who live in those buildings. The American Dream for the well-to-do grows from the bowed backs of the working poor, who too often have to choose between groceries. and rent. In a new book called The Betrayal of Work, Beth Shulman says that even in the booming 1990s one out of every four American workers made less than $8.70 an hour, an income equal to the government's poverty level for a family of four. Many, if not most, of these workers had no health care, sick pay or retirement provisions. We ease our consciences, Shulman writes, by describing these people as "low skilled", as though they're not important or intelligent enough to deserve more. But low-skilled workers today are better educated than ever before, and they constitute the linchpin(关键)of American industry. When politicians crow(得意洋洋地说)that happy days are here again because jobs are on the rise, it's these jobs they're really talking about. Five of the 10 occupations expected to grow big in the next decade are in the lowest-paying job groups. And before we sit back and decide that's just the way it is, it's instructive to consider the rest of the world. While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent. And those are countries that provide health care and child care, which eases the economic pinch considerably. Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may well feel poor, overwhelmed by credit-card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even recognition.