填空题What attitude do people take toward the disabled people today?

填空题As long as there are roles, the number of people who cheat will become less and less.

填空题The reason why an informal agreement among the Quint members would not work is that it is not legally certified.

填空题Despite almost universal acknowledgement of the vital importance of women's literacy___________________(但对于很多国家的许许多多妇女来说，接受教育还是一个梦想)

填空题The earliest large Greek library is built by Ptolemy I.

填空题Did you know that all human beings have a "comfort zone" regulating the distances they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Pads they take it as it comes! Although North Americans have a relatively wide "comfort zone" for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands — not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person's shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childhood in affection; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people — especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries — such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently (无心地) done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left handed and use that hand more.) (334 words)

填空题 Are you worried about the rising crime rate? If yonare, then you probably know that your house,possessions and persons are increasingly in danger ofsuffering from the tremendous rise in the cases of burglar 62. ______and assault. Figures indicate that it is an ever-increasing 63. ______crime rate but it is only too easy to imagine "it willnever happen to me". Unfortunately, statistics show it is 64. ______really can happen to you and, if you live in the largecity, you run twice the risk of being a victim. 65. ______ Fortunately, there is something definite what you 66. ______can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect your housewith a burglar alarm system which is effective, simple tooperate and easily affordable. You may remember that 67. ______possessing a burglar alarm is no indication which your 68. ______house is packed with valuable possessions. It quitesimply indicates of unwelcome visitors that yours is one 69. ______house they will not break into easily so they carry on toan unprotect house where their job is made a lot easier. 70. ______Send now for our free leaflet telling you how we canprotect and alarm your house quickly, easily andcheaply. Complete out and tear off the slip below and 71. ______post it to us. Postage is free.

填空题A. Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Recycling has become a part of American life. It also is an important part of the waste-processing industry. In fact, many cities and towns in the United States now have recycling programs. To learn how such a program works, we will go to a recycling centre in the eastern state of Maryland. B. The recycle bin in the home or office is often the last stop for empty containers. But for papers, plastics, cardboards and cans, it is the beginning of a trip thousands of kilometres long. Yehenew Gedshew directs a recycling centre near Washington, DC. "As long as people throw their trash, we have a job." His recycling centre processes about 35 tons of material an hour. How does it process that much every hour? Yehenew Gedshew says the business is highly-organized. "First what happens is, dump trucks bring materials to our site. They dump it on the tipping floor. It goes to the first screen where the cardboard and the rest of the material is sorted out." The rest of the material goes on a belt that carries the glass and plastic to the last screening area (筛分区). The glass gets crushed and the plastic gets sorted and flattened. C. Local recycling programs often require people to separate plastics, papers and glass. But Yehenew Gedshew says sorters at his recycling centre do all that work. He says the centre ships most of its plastic to a processing centre in North Carolina, more than 500 kilometres to the south. At that centre, mountains of bottles become piles of plastic. They are ready to be melted and shaped into something new. D. From the store to the recycling bin, and from there to just about anywhere you can imagine, plastic bottles spend a lot of time on the road. And so have we. We now go to Fayetteville, North Carolina. The city is home to the Clear Path Recycling centre. It is one of the largest plastic recycling centres in the United States. E. The Clear Path Recycling Centre receives 8 to 10 trucks a day. That means more than 18,000 kilograms of plastic every day. The goods come to the centre in large piles or bales, like the ones at the recycling centre in Maryland. F. Not far from the Clear Path Recycling is a huge storage area for the plastic objects. They enter the recycling centre to begin the process that will change them. "This is where the whole bottles enter the whole bottle wash. It"s just like your front-end loading washing machine at your house. It"s just a lot longer, and a lot bigger." G. Hot water washes paper labels off the drink bottles and removes dirt. The plastic is broken up in- to what the plastics recycling industry calls " PET flake (PET 碎片)." Another centre will buy the flake to melt and mould into something else. H. Plastic bottles spend their lives on the move. Machines mould and fill them with our favourite drinks. When we are done drinking, machines destroy the bottles and make them into new bottles. Their journey never ends. But our trip has come to an end in Wilson, North Carolina. I. In our program, we have described the trip made by plastic bottles from stores to recycling bins and then to recycling centres. The bottles are then broken down into small pieces, which are put into bags. Now, we will witness the rebirth of a plastic bottle. J. Mark Rath is a supervisor at Peninsula Packaging. At his business, pieces of plastic become products like carry-out trays at food stores and restaurants. Peninsula Packaging melts and flattens plastic so it can be shaped and moulded. The process is complex. "We take the clear chips like this, and it goes into an oven, and it cooks for about 3 to 4 hours in that oven." K. The plastic cooks at almost 200℃. When the melted plastic comes out of the oven, it is made into carry-out trays or other food packaging. "We unwind the plastic into a very long oven where we heat it again, and then we"ll form it in a forming station. We"ll follow it through and see what happens to it." what happens to the recycled plastic involves a vacuum, lots of pressure, and—believe it or not—more recycling. L. Mark Rath says all of the plastics in this packaging centre become some kind of container in their next lives. "That"ll end up being a fresh-cut-salad base. Not sure where it goes, but it"ll end up some place with celery and carrots and tomatoes." It has taken several days, but a plastic bottle like the one we bought in Washington, DC has now become a salad tray in North Carolina. M. Countless things affect the health of our environment, what we take from nature may not harm it as much as what we add to it. For years, many people have harmed the environment by throwing away plastic grocery bags. But in Washington, a "bag tax" has changed the behaviour of many people, and the way business affects the environment. N. The Anacostia River flows through southeast Washington into the better-known Potomac River. The Anacostia is often called the city"s "other river." Tommy Wells is a member of the Washington, DC city council. He is worried about the health of river. He notes that some people have called the Anacostia, one of the 10 most polluted rivers in the country. Mr. Wells says he was tired of seeing so many plastic bags in or near the river. "I wanted something that got into people"s heads; not their pockets." O. Stores in Washington now require people to pay five cents for each disposable plastic bag. The money goes into the "Anacostia River Clean Up Fund." People who bring their own bag do not pay anything extra. Has the "bag tax" helped? Bret Bolin is with the Anacostia Watershed Society, a group that is working to protect the river. "In just about 3 and a half months of the bag fee, people were already reporting that they were seeing a lot less bags in the river and at cleanup sites than in past years." Councilman Tommy Wells agrees that the bag tax worked. "There was a 60 percent reduction of the amount of bags that were pulled out of the river." The local government estimates that stores gave shoppers almost 300 million bags in 2009. Mr. Bolin says the bag tax caused the number to drop sharply. "And they were estimating something like 55 million being distributed in 2010, which is an 80 percent reduction, which is amazing."

填空题Nowadays the majority of companies are finding it ______ (保持收支平衡越来越困难).

填空题When they moved to California, where there were more job opportunities, they decided to ______(扔掉大部分家具)

填空题The Street-Level Solution A. When I was growing up, one of my father"s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers)was: "It isn"t what we don"t know that causes the trouble; it"s what we think we know that just ain"t so." One of the main insights to be taken from the 100,000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn"t. B. That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group. It"s only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem—distinguishing the "episodically homeless" from the "chronically homeless" in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach—and get better results. C. Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it"s hard to imagine what we haven"t yet seen. As Niccolò Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the "incredulity of men," which is to say that people "do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them." Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades: few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don"t have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know—or think we know. D. But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2,310 units of supportive housing(with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: "Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings." And Becky Kanis, the campaign"s director, commented: "There is this sense in our minds that someone who"s on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case." E. One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic (创伤的)brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you"re a soldier, a head wound—and your life could become unrecognizable. James O"Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he"s met had such a brain injury. "For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless," he said. "They became unpredictable. They"d have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn"t hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They"d end up on the streets." F. Once homeless people return to housing, they"re in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it"s important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem. G. Over the past decade, O"Connell has seen this happen. "I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets, "he said. "So from a doctor"s point of view it"s a delightful switch, but it"s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It"s the first step." H. Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they"ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. "If you"re homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings," says Haggerty. "Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered." I. Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses—and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food. J. For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal(集体)residence, with special services. This isn"t available everywhere, however. In Boston, for example, homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city. K. Common Ground"s large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground"s residences, found jobs. L. Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti(涂鸦)or vandalism(破坏). And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (An residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent; for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government benefits.)When people move on, it is usually because they"ve found a preferable apartment. M. "Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings," said Haggerty. "They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn"t count on." The most common tenant demand? "People always want more storage space—but that"s true of every New Yorker," she adds. "In many ways, we"re a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else." N. As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and re-quires a different solution. I"ve been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness. Later in 2011, I"ll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I"ll conclude with an update on the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7,043.

填空题Flying bridge means a good communication style that made the scientific articles easy to be read.

填空题We can tell whether someone suffers from depression or not by ______.