填空题The Power of Words: Advertising Tricks The effect that words can have is incredible: to inform, persuade, hurt or ease pain, end war or start one killing thousands or even millions of people. They can get your point across, or destroy any hope of your ideas ever being understood. A major element of advertising is the words, which ones and in what order. The following is several of the specific tricks that are commonly used in advertising.Black/White Trick The black/white, or either/or, trick is making a statement that provides insufficient options to your argument. "Love it or leave it" was a big slogan of the 1960s, and it sounds logical. Nevertheless, it provides no other possible options, such as" Love it, or don't love it, stay or not, you don't have to agree with me if you don't want to. " The reason this fallacy is often called the black/white fallacy is that it denies any other choices on an issue or idea. Using it gives the impression that everything can be seen in terms of yes or no, true or false, on or off, with no maybes or both true and false depending on circumstances allowed. This fallacy is particularly popular and effective in slogans like" Love it or leave it", "If you're not for me, you're against me", "My country, right or wrong". Note that all of the above actually have other options, but the statements do not allow for them. A common way in which this trick is used in advertising is by presenting two situations, one with the product and 'the other without. The one with the product shows circumstances that the advertiser presumes the target audience would like to be in, and vice versa for the situation without the product. For example, you have two groups of people: the first is young, beautiful, fit, happy, fun-loving and active; the second is old, ugly, miserable, and passive. The first uses the product; the second doesn't. The assumption is that the purchase of the product makes you a member of the first, that the absence of the product makes you the second. Since most people would rather be the first, and the product is a part of being the first, then people should buy the product. And they do.Genetic Fallacy The genetic fallacy makes a prediction about something based on where it came from or its origins. For example, saying" He wouldn't do that--he's from a good family" is making a genetic fallacy. "You can't expect any better from her--she's from the slums" is also using a genetic fallacy. Note that in neither case is there any reference to the individual's personal abilities or lack thereof; only to where they came from. In advertising, this fallacy is used often: "If it's made by [company],it must be good" is an example.Weasel(含糊其辞的)Words Weasel words are those words that are tossed into a sentence that change the actual meaning of the sentence while leaving an impression that is different. It's the easiest way to avoid having to take any responsibility for anything you say, or seem to say. For example, the sentence "Our canned corn is as good as fresh cooked corn". The impression given is that the canned corn is as good (whatever that means) as corn on the cob(玉米穗轴) right off the stalk. However, the phrase contains a weasel word:" cooked". Thus, the sentence actually says that the canned corn is as good as corn that has been cooked; now you need to cook it again to serve it. Note the sentence does not say that the canned corn is as good as fresh corn; it's as good as fresh cooked corn. A favorite weasel word is one of the shortest: if. "If the whole wide world can enjoy [use, buy, desire, etc.] [whatever the product is], then so can you" says absolutely nothing about the product, or even if anyone at all enjoys [uses, buys, desires, etc.] the product. It simply says "if", applied to a totally hypothetical, nonexistent state of being. Another common way of using weasel words is using passive verb phrases. For example, instead of saying" I think that"(active verb phrase), you can say "It would seem that"( passive verb phrase). In the first instance, ff anyone challenges your statement, you need to defend your position. In the second, however, if anyone challenges you, you can avoid any responsibility for defending the statement by explaining that you only said" it would seem that" ,not that you agree or that the statement had any validity in the first place. You can duck responsibility since you never actually said it's what you think, even if, at the time, it was.Dangling Comparative A dangling comparative is a statement which seems to be comparing one thing to another, but in actuality never actually states what the thing being compared is being compared to. What generally happens is that the comparison is left up to the audience to complete. For example," Our tires stop 25% faster". Note that the statement never says what the tires stop faster than. The audience would naturally expect it to be other tires, and would mentally finish the statement" Our tires stop 25% faster than other tires". However, that is not what was said. The comparison is left open, and could be other tires (in which case, it would be strong6r to actually say so), but it probably isn't other tires. It could just as easily be doughnuts.Complex Question A complex question is one that appears to be asking for a yes or no answer, but is in reality two yes-or-no questions that are usually contradictory. A well-known example is, "Are you still beating your wife? "It seems to be asking for a yes or no answer, but no matter how it's answered, it condemns the respondent. Answer yes, and he's still beating his wife; say no, and he used to. Another example is, "Are you still cheating' on your income tax?" Again, no matter how you answer, you can't win.Buzz Words Buzz words are words that seem to say something, but what? They are extremely popular in advertising. For example," natural" is a big buzz word, particularly applied to food and drink. However, what exactly is" natural"? Definitions of the word include" produced by nature"," not artificial", or "not cultivated or civilized". Thus what does the word mean when applied to, say, beer? If a beer is natural, is it produced by nature? That somewhere in the Amazon forest, there exists a beer tree that need merely be tapped and bottled? Unlikely; beer is produced in breweries and does not exist in nature. Is natural beer not artificial? Artificial means" made by humans". Since :humans make the beer in breweries(啤酒厂) ,then beer is definitely artificial. Is natural beer not cultivated or civilized? The behavior of beer drinkers is occasionally not cultivated or civilized, but beer is one of the first achievements of civilization. Then what exactly does it mean for beer to be natural? In effect, the word natural applied to any product that doesn't exist in a finished state in nature is a buzz word. Thus we can see that buzz words have little or no meaning in and of themselves. What meaning they do have is based on the connotations(言外之意)people give them (which often come from the way the people using them give them) rather than their actual denotative meanings.

填空题______ provides a golden opportunity for car thieves.

填空题 {{B}}Tips for Saving Electricity{{/B}} You probably don't even realize it, but an energy thief is inside your home at this very moment. This thief is silent and unseen, and he's picking your pocket. His name is "standby power". Standby power is the name given to the electricity used to power electrical appliances and devices even when they are turned off. But how can this be? Isn't an appliance "off" when you switch it off? Not necessarily. Many electronic devices consume electricity 24 hours a day just to stay warmed up for whenever you decide to use them. "Instant on" TV sets are one example. Whether you watch TV seven hours a day or not at all, the TV is always partially on, staying ready to flicker(闪烁) to life the moment you turn on its switch. Other devices that consume power constantly are those that have external or internal clocks: microwave ovens, computers, VCRs, DVD players, and cable TV and satellite TV boxes. Energy experts estimate that approximately 5 percent of residential electrical power consumption in the United States is used for standby power. That's a lot of power plants running overtime just to keep our electronics warm and ready to go. Some of the most prevalent standby power devices are the large plug-in transformers that are used to step down power to cordless phones and answering machines. How much do these various devices consume? Not much; just a few watts, maybe 3 to 5 each. But multiply that number over a 24-hour day, times the 6 to l0 devices in a typical home, and the scope of the savings could be greater than it may seem.{{B}}Switch Off Equipment Not in Use{{/B}} For many years manufacturers had no incentive to increase the energy efficiency of electronic devices that use standby power. After all, they weren't paying anyone's electric bill. But recently, since more efficient devices have appeared on the market, any electronic equipment you purchase new will likely yield an energy improvement over something that has a few years on it. A good solution to deal with standby power losses in existing equipment is to plug several of the devices into a power strip that has an on/off switch. Power strips are inexpensive and available at home centers and office supply stores. An entire cluster of items can then be shut off--really shut off--just by flicking one switch. This works well in areas like home entertainment centers, where a TV, VCR, DVD player, and cable box might already be plugged into one electrical receptacle. However, if you want to leave some of the devices on--for instance a VCR, to record while you're away, this scheme won't work. And it isn't worth doing on devices that have a clock feature that you depend on to tell time. But if you think it through and separate out devices that can be switched off entirely without consequence, you might be surprised by the number you can put together on one power strip.Generally speaking, it's a good idea from an energy-efficiency standpoint to unplug anything electronic that you're not using at that moment. Lamps and toasters aren't electronic and don't draw standby power when they're switched off, but battery chargers, TVs, VCRs, DVD players, computers, and stereo systems do. Why pay for this leaking power if you're not using the item? {{B}}Check Settings for Appliances{{/B}} It is surprising how involved we can get with tweaking and adjusting some things in our lives, yet remain utterly oblivious to others. We may spend hours picking out paint for a dining room, yet be unaware that our refrigerators are running too hot or too cold. That can cost money we don't need to spend and consume electricity that does not need to be wasted. Refrigerator and freezer temperatures can be set using an accurate thermometer and the easy-to- find controls inside the refrigerator compartment(低温室). Set the refrigerator to 36 to 38 degrees, and the freezer to 0 to + 5, Anything lower than that is wasted. Food won't last any longer if it is kept at a lower temperature, and some items, like lettuce and other vegetables, can even freeze and be destroyed by lower temperatures in the refrigerator compartment, wasting both food and energy. If you nm a dehumidifier(减湿器) in your home, be aware that most are controlled by a humidistat. A humidistat to humidity is what a thermostat is to temperature. In other words, as the humidity in the area where the dehumidifier is running drops to a certain set-point, the machine will shut itself off until the humidity rises past that set-point again. Turning the humidistat to its lowest setting causes the dehumidifier to run constantly, which is wasteful. And because dehumidifiers use quite a bit of electricity, running one as infrequently as possible will benefit your utility bill's bottom line. Finding a humidity level you can live with--and then Setting the humidistat to that level--will result in the unit running intermittently, which saves energy compared to one that runs continuously.{{B}}Maximize Personal Comfort{{/B}} The adjustment to a cooler house in the winter and a warmer one in the summer can be aided by the use of devices designed to increase personal comfort. Turning down the house heat and creating your own warmth zone in bed by sleeping under a comforter or an electric blanket saves energy. A small space heater serves the same purpose in a room setting. If you know you're going to be in one area of the house for a period of time, dialing down the central heating system's thermostat and turning on a space heater in the area where you're located can reduce overall energy consumption during that period. This works well for home offices or entertainment rooms designed for TV or movie watching. Alternately, in the summer, installing a small room air conditioner in order to cool small areas can reduce your energy bill substantially. Dial up the thermostat in the rest of the house to keep the central air-conditioning system from running so often. The power consumed by a small room air unit is much less than that used by the larger system. This strategy can also be used at night in one or two bedrooms--provided you can sleep with the noise created by a room air conditioner. Combining the many simple steps we've outlined can make a dramatic difference in your energy bills. It just takes a small commitment on your part to save energy and put a stop to wasteful energy use in your home.

填空题 A great many people are afflicted with shyness. Common sense indicates that it is a complicated behavior pattern {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}by psychological inhibition when socializing. When it {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the person usually recognizes the difficulty in {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}with people, experiences internal discords in deciding whether one should express himself or not, and such feelings and emotions that are expressed {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in fantasies. Once these emotions cannot find their realization in real life, such discords make the fantasies become more fierce and frequent, because in the fantasies, the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to expression do not exist. Internal discords, {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}enough and without clear self--consciousness, can sometimes generate the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of threat or of danger, named anxiety. There are many emotional {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}involved in anxiety as well. Some of them include feelings of apprehension or dread, trouble concentrating, irritability, restlessness, and feeling like your mind's gone blank. Anyway, both common sense and a look at the internal process of the person should reveal the truth that {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}; rather, as some experts address, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It can be observed in many social situations. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题Coming to An Office Near You The effect of today"s technology on tomorrow"s jobs will be immense—and no country is ready for it. [A] Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan (工匠) weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were. [B] For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn (搅动) is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Remember Ironbridge [C] Optimism remains the right starting-point, hut for workers the dislocating (扰乱) effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology"s impact will feel like a tornado (龙卷风), hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it. [D] Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the digital revolution has gone overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers. Over the past three decades, labour"s share of output has shrunk globally from 64% to 59%. Meanwhile, the share of income going to the top 1% in America has risen from around 9% in the 1970s to 22% today. Unemployment is at alarming levels in much of the rich world, and not just for cyclical reasons. In 2000, 65% of working-age Americans were in work; since then the proportion has fallen, during good years as well as bad, to the current level of 59%. [E] Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological disruption to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household gadgets, innovations that already exist could destroy lots of jobs that have hitherto (迄今) been untouched. The public sector is one obvious target: it has proved singularly resistant to tech-driven reinvention. But the step change in what computers can do will have a powerful effect on middle-class jobs in the private sector too. [F] Until now the jobs most vulnerable to machines were those that involved routine, repetitive tasks. But thanks to the rise in processing power and the ubiquity (无处不在) of digitised information ("big data"), computers are increasingly able to perform complicated tasks more cheaply and effectively than people. Clever industrial robots can quickly "learn" a set of human actions. Services may be even more vulnerable. Computers can already detect intruders in a closed-circuit camera picture more reliably than a human can. By comparing reams of financial or biometric data, they can often diagnose fraud or illness more accurately than any number of accountants or doctors. One recent study by academics at Oxford University suggests that 47% of today"s jobs could be automated in the next two decades. [G] At the same time, the digital revolution is transforming the process of innovation itself, as our special report explains. Thanks to off-the-shelf code from the Internet and platforms that host services (such as Amazon"s cloud computing), provide distribution (Apple"s app store) and offer marketing (Facebook), the number of digital start-ups has exploded. Just as computer-games designers invented a product that humanity never knew it needed but now cannot do without, so these firms will no doubt dream up new goods and services to employ millions. But for now they are singularly light on workers. When Instagram, a popular photo-sharing site, was sold to Facebook for about $1 billion in 2012, it had 30m customers and employed 13 people. Kodak, which filed for bankruptcy a few months earlier, employed 145,000 people in its heyday. [H] The problem is one of timing as much as anything. Google now employs 46,000 people. But it takes years for new industries to grow, whereas the disruption a startup causes to incumbents (现任者) is felt sooner. Airbnb may turn homeowners with spare rooms into entrepreneurs, but it poses a direct threat to the lower end of the hotel business—a massive employer. No time to be timid [I] If this analysis is halfway correct, the social effects will be huge. Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vulnerable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise) tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen. [J] Anger about rising inequality is bound to grow, but politicians will find it hard to address the problem. Shunning (避开) progress would be as useless now as the Luddites" protests against mechanised looms were in the 1810s, because any country that tried to stop would be left behind by competitors eager to embrace new technology. The freedom to raise taxes on the rich to punitive levels will be similarly constrained by the mobility of capital and highly skilled labour. [K] The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers" fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were built to educate them—a dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking. Technology itself will help, whether through MOOCs (massive open online courses) or even video games that simulate the skills needed for work. [L] The definition of "a state education" may also change. Far more money should be spent on pre-schooling, since the cognitive abilities and social skills that children learn in their first few years define much of their future potential. And adults will need continuous education. State education may well involve a year of study to be taken later in life, perhaps in stages. [M] Yet however well people are taught, their abilities will remain unequal, and in a world which is increasingly polarized (两极化) economically, many will find their job prospects dimmed and wages squeezed. The best way of helping them is not, as many on the left seem to think, to push up minimum wages. Jacking up the floor too far would accelerate the shift from human workers to computers. Better to top up low wages with public money so that anyone who works has a reasonable income, through a bold expansion of the tax credits that countries such as America and Britain use. [N] Innovation has brought great benefits to humanity. Nobody in their right mind would want to return to the world of handloom weavers. But the benefits of technological progress are unevenly distributed, especially in the early stages of each new wave, and it is up to governments to spread them. In the 19th century it took the threat of revolution to bring about progressive reforms. Today"s governments would do well to start making the changes needed before their people get angry.

填空题Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you Should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Now we travel to the north central part of the United States. We are in the state of South Dakota. The land is big and mostly flat with many {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of corn, wheat and soybeans. But as we travel west, the cropland gives way to wild grasses. A strong dry wind blows {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}from the west. Suddenly, the land becomes {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}and rocky, dry and dusty--no longer green and gold. It is now a light red- brown color. All around are broken {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}forms. There are hills and valleys of all sizes and strange shapes. These are the Badlands. Hundreds of thousands of years ago the area was {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but, then, forces of nature {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}the grass. Water and ice cut into the surface of the earth. They beat at the rocks, {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}them away. The result is one of the world's {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}sights. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}} The area is a study in extremes. Temperatures in the summer have been as high as forty-six degrees Celsius. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}} Life in the Badlands is difficult, but animals do survive. The most well known is the prairie dog. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}

填空题Fathers Are Spending More Time With Their Kids A. Fathers with children younger than 18 are now about as likely as mothers to say they feel pressed for time and have difficulty balancing the demands of work and home, according to a major report released Thursday by the Pew Research Center. B. Although mothers and fathers feel the strain, stressed fathers are unhappier about it. Far more fathers say they feel they aren"t spending enough time with their children: 46 percent, compared with 23 percent of mothers. Although fathers" time with children has tripled since 1965, fathers still spend only about half as much time with their children, on average, as do mothers. The Pew Research report found that fathers are also less likely than mothers to think that they"re doing a good job as a parent. Fathers" awareness of their obligation C. "Do I feel rushed? Oh, tell me about it. I don"t feel like I give everyone a fair shot at my time. And of course, all three of my kids want it at the same time, and they"re not old enough to be patient and wait," said Neal Snyder of Alexandria, a lobbyist (说客), talking on his cellphone during his commute to work in the District after dropping his three children off at two schools. Because his job is more flexible than that of his wife, an executive at an association, he is often the go-to parent. D. Snyder, whose own father"s home duties tended to the more traditional grilling and mowing, is a Girl Scout-certified camping adult and has the owl pin to prove it. He"s also involved in Boy Scouts and ferries kids from after-school care to ice skating lessons and baseball practice. "I tell people that the easiest part of my day is going to work. And the hardest part is the hour and a half in the morning and the three hours in the evening at home. Being a parent is the hardest job I have. But I wouldn"t change it." E. Time-use studies have found that fathers have been gradually increasing time spent on children and chores. Being home more may have made fathers feel closer to their children—and more conflicted about the amount of time spent away from them, said Kim Parker, associate director with the Pew Research Social and Demographic Trends Project. She and other researchers wrote the report after analyzing a recent survey of 2500 adults and nearly 50 years of time-use data from the Labor Department"s American Time Use Survey and other reports. "It might help explain this yearning to spend more time with them," Parker said. "And now that they"re more aware of all that goes on in the home, dads may feel more of an obligation to take part. Before, it wasn"t their concern; it was all taken care of. And now that mom"s working, it is." Fathers" stress F. Or, in the case of Jack Shoptaw, now that he"s divorced. For years, Shoptaw, who lives in Charles County, was the provider. He worked late, traveled all the time, and left the kids and housework to his stay-at-home wife. Then his marriage fell apart amid financial difficulties. "I was about to be the every-other-weekend dad, and I panicked. I didn"t want to be that kind of dad," said Shoptaw, who runs his own real estate firm. "I had to change my life. "He began flexing his work schedule so he could take daughter Isabelle, 13, to her dance lessons and son Reese, 10, to sports practices. He now cooks dinner and stays up late doing laundry. G. "I"m 100 percent stressed. But I feel like I have a relationship with my children now. I know them," he said. "Before, I thought I did, but I was fooling myself." H. In dual-income families—about 60 percent of all two-parent households with children younger than 18—mothers" and fathers" roles are slowly "converging," the Pew Research report found. Although fathers still spend more time at work and mothers spend more time juggling work and home chores—handling not only twice the child care, but twice the housework—their total workloads are fairly similar: 54 hours a week for fathers to 53 hours for mothers. I. Meghan Roberts, assistant city attorney for Alexandria, said she is concerned about her husband, Greg, who works as an accountant by day and bartender by night. "He is always stressed out. I know he worries that he doesn"t spend enough time with our daughter, 18-month-old Eloise." "But between my student loans and the cost of child care, right now that"s the only thing that makes sense." The problem of finance J. Although the overwhelming majority of fathers say working full time is best, nearly half also said that if they could swing it financially, they"d rather stay home with the kids than work, the Pew Research report said. An equal number of mothers have long answered the question the same way. "That, to me, is shocking," Parker said. "We don"t have trend data on that because no one"s ever asked dads the question before." K. Chris Thomas, 46, a "work-at-home" father in Alexandria, completely understands the feeling. It"s the life he"s chosen. By 3:30 Monday afternoon, Thomas had already been awake for 12 hours. He"d worked for two hours as a personal trainer at the gym, then come home to start his "real" job making breakfast; packing lunches; driving his wife, a teacher, to work and his oldest son, Isaiah, to school; home-schooling his middle son, Jeremiah, in sign language; loading the dishwasher; soothing upsets; brushing tiny teeth; shopping for groceries; and changing the diapers of his youngest son, Elijah. L. "I"m so tired. Everything is just so scheduled," said Thomas, who goes back to work as a trainer in the evening when his wife, Kerby, returns from school. They rarely see each other except in the late evening. Kerby, 29, stayed home for two years when Isaiah was born but was consumed with guilt that she wasn"t contributing financially as the debt started to pile up. She loved her work, as did Thomas, yet the two didn"t want to put their children in child care (and with three boys, couldn"t afford it anyway). That"s when Thomas, with his flexible schedule, suggested that he take over the job. Each has struggled to find an identity in what Thomas calls "uncharted territory." The two went through a rocky separation a few months ago before getting back together and working to redefine their roles. M. "I was feeling like the mother usually does—unappreciated," said Thomas, who started a nonprofit group, Daddy and Little Me, to try to help other dads navigate this new role. "And every time I joked about being Mr. Morn, she"d take offense and say, "You are not their mother. I am."" N. By 4:50 pm, Thomas had dumped the Eddie Bauer diaper bag and worked with Isaiah on his homework. He"d calmed an overly tired Jeremiah, rocking him on his lap. Before heading out to the gym to train Clients, he busily folded clothes as Kerby kept an eye on the three boys playing out on the balcony. O. "My view is, we both wanted these children, so the job shouldn"t fall on just the mom," Kerby said. "A lot of people think raising children is just the mom"s job. Chris and I don"t feel that way. Chris has the blessing to see, in a way that many men don"t, that being a fulltime parent is a very, very tough job."

填空题Political and economic motivations belong to the essential nature of sports in the history of sports.

填空题It is my hope that __________________________. (这个班上的每个人都能在为时过晚之前改正自己的错误)

填空题If you want to live longer and lower the risk of heart disease, a move to the mountains may help. Research by scientists in Greece shows that mountain{{U}} (36) {{/U}}is good for the hem and {{U}} (37) {{/U}}. People living at higher{{U}} (38) {{/U}}have lower odds of dying from heart disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors that could increase their risk.{{U}} (39) {{/U}}" in mountainous areas seems to have a{{U}} (40) {{/U}}effect' from heart disease," said Dr. Nikos Baibas of the University of Athens. He and his colleagues{{U}} (41) {{/U}}that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous{{U}} (42) {{/U}}gives the heart a good{{U}} (43) {{/U}}. and enables it to cope with lower levels of oxygen. Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150 Greeks who lived in three villages near Athens over 15 years. One village was 1,000 meters above sea level and the other two were in low-lying areas.{{U}} (44) {{/U}}. they had a lower rate of death from heart disease and the other causes after a 15-year follow-up. "{{U}} (45) {{/U}}" Baibas added in his report. Heart disease is one of the world's top killers.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}.

填空题The ________________ can be used when considering the cultures of different groups.

填空题The biggest single loss of planes happened in ______.

填空题The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called Mnemonics. The name is (26) their Goddess of Memory, Mnemosyne. In the ancient world, a trained memory was an immense asset. (27) in public life. There were no convenient devices for taking notes and early Greek orators (演说家) delivered long speeches with great (28) because they learned the speeches using Mnemonic systems. The Greeks (29) that human memory is largely an associative process-that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The (30) your brain registers the word "apple", it recalls the shape, colour, taste, smell and texture of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word "apple". This means that any thought about a certain subject will often (31) more memories that are related to it. An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had. This could (32) a memory about what you were talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory. Associations do not have to be (33) . They just have to make a good link. An example given on a website I was looking at follows: Do you remember the shape of Austria, Canada, Belgium, or Germany? (34) not. What about Italy, though? If you remember the shape of Italy, it is because you have been told at sometime that Italy is shaped like a boot. You (35) something already known, the shape of a boot, and Italy's shape could not be forgotten once you had made the association.

填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Truth About Lying [A] I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can—and can never never—tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? Social Lies [B] Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish (野蛮的) and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing (攻击) them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you? [C] Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo", "You're looking much better", "It's so nice to see you", "I had a wonderful time"? Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night—so sorry we can't come" when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos? [D] There's one man I know who absolutely refuses to tell social lies. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way." And his answer to the argument that saying nice things to someone doesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does—it destroys your credibility." Now, he won't, unsolicited, offer his views on the painting you just bought, but you don't ask his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those moments when the rest of us liars are muttering, "Isn't it lovely?" is, for the most part, eloquent enough. My friend does not indulge in what he calls "flattery, false praise and mellifluous (甜美的) comments." When others tell fibs (小谎) he will go along. He says that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is morally wrong. What about you? Peace-Keeping Lies [El Many people tell peace-keeping lies; lies designed to avoid irritation or argument; lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone. I tell these lies at times, and yet I always feel they're wrong. I understand why we tell them, but still they feel wrong. And whenever I lie so that someone won't disapprove of me or think less of me or holler (叫喊) at me, I feel I'm a bit of a coward, I feel I'm dodging responsibility, I feel—guilty. What about you? [F] Do you, when you're late for a date because you overslept, say that you're late because you got caught in a traffic jam? Do you, when you didn't remember that it was your father's birthday, say that his present must be delayed in the mail? And when you're planning a weekend in New York City and you're not in the mood to visit your mother, who lives there, do you conceal—with a lie, if you must—the fact that you'll be in New York? Or do you have the courage—or is it the cruelty?—to say, "I'll be in New York, but sorry—I don't plan on seeing you?" Protective Lies [G] Protective lies are lies folks tell—often quite serious lies—because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede (取代) the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personal gain, but because they believe it's for the good of the person they're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified. [H] They may lie to their children on money or marital matters. They may lie to the dying about the state of their death. They may lie to their closest friend because the truth about her talents or son or psyche would be—or so they insist—utterly devastating. I sometimes tell such lies, but I'm aware that it's quite presumptuous (专横的) to claim I know what's best for others to know. That's called playing God. That's called manipulation and control. And we never can be sure, once we start to juggle (耍弄) lies, just where they'll land, exactly where they'll roll. [I] And furthermore, we may find ourselves lying in order to back up the lies that are backing up the lie we initially told. Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies must nonetheless be told. What about you? Trust-Keeping Lies [J] Another group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve triangulation, with A (that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most people concede that once you've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about. [K] "I don't tell lies for myself," says Fran, "and I don't want to have to tell them for other people." Which means, she agrees, that if her best friend is having an affair, she absolutely doesn't want to know about it. "Are you saying," her best friend asks, "that if I went off with a lover and I asked you to tell my husband I'd been with you, that you wouldn't lie for me, that you'd betray me?" Fran is very pained but very adamant (坚决的). "I wouldn't want to betray you, so—don't ask me." Fran's best friend is shocked. What about you? [L] Do you believe you can have close friends if you're not prepared to receive their deepest secrets? Do you believe you must always lie for your friends? And what if your friend were your boss—if you were perhaps one of the President's men—would you betray or lie for him over, say, Watergate? As you can see, these issues get terribly sticky. [M] It's my belief that once we've promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it. I also believe that we can't tell Watergate lies. And if these two statements strike you as quite contradictory, you're right—they're quite contradictory. But for now they're the best I can do. What about you? [N] Some say that truth will out and thus you might as well tell the truth. Some say you can't regain the trust that lies lose. Some say that even though the truth may never be revealed, our lies pervert (使变坏，腐蚀) and damage our relationships. Some say—well, here is what some of them have to say. "I'm a coward," says Grace, "about telling close people important, difficult truths. I find that I'm unable to carry it off. And so if something is bothering me, it keeps building up inside till I end up just not seeing them any more." "I suffer most from the misconception (误解) that children can't take the truth," says Emily. "But I'm starting to see that what's harder and more damaging for them is being told lies, is not being told the truth." [O] And then there are those who have no talent for lying. "Over the years, I tried to lie", a friend of mine explained, "but I always got found out and I always got punished. I guess I gave myself away because I feel guilty about any kind of lying. It looks as if I'm stuck with telling the truth". I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a last resort—the truth's always better." I tend to feel that way too. What about you?

填空题The 2000 decennial census aims at obtaining the exact number of population as well as a better picture of the extent of intermarriage in the United States.

填空题Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells besides helping______.