单选题 In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every, four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boy's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modem Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. After an uninterrupted history of almost 1, 200 years, the games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A. D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1, 500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes' expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five inter locking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

单选题 Much meaning can be 26 , clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may look at stranger, but not too long. And if he is 27 that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down, to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry toward other's 28 with you that way. Eyes do speak, right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and 29 . But things are different when it comes to stare at the opposite sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to 30 his gaze, his intentions are obvious, that is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is admiring her. However, the normal eye contact for two people 31 in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is 32 . If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to 33 you, you will feel disconcerted. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes in the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. Quite the contrary. In fact, continuous eye contact is 34 to lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show. 35 that words cannot express. A. dominate B. engaged C. suitable D. affection E. confined F. observation G. stare H. hostile I. attentive J. aggressive K. sensing L. avert M. attract N. received O. conveyed

单选题 Now listen to the following recording and answer questions21-23.

单选题 On the high-speed train from Avignon (阿维尼翁) to Paris, my husband and I landed in the only remaining seats on the train, in the middle of a car, directly opposite a Frenchwoman of middle years. It was an extremely uncomfortable arrangement to be looking straight into the eyes of a stranger. My husband and I pulled out books. The woman produced a large makeup case and proceeded to freshen up. Except for a lunch break, she continued this activity for the entire three-hour trip. Every once in a while she surveyed the car with a bright-eyed glance, but never once did she catch my (admittedly fascinated) eye. My husband and I could have been a blank wall. I was amused, but some people would have felt insulted, even repulsed (厌恶的). There is something about primping in public that calls up strong emotional reactions. Partly it's a question of hygiene. (Nearly everyone agrees that nail-paling and hair-combing are socially considered unwise to do.) And it's a matter of degree. Grooming-a private act-has a way of negating the presence of others. I was once seated at a party with a model-actress who immediately waved a silly brush and began dusting her face at the table, demonstrating that while she was next to me, she was not with me. In fact, I am generally inhibited from this maneuver in public, except when I am in the company of cosmetics executives (when it's considered unpleasant not to do it) or my female friends when it's a fun just-us-girls moment. In a gathering more professional than social, I would refrain. Kathy Peiss, a history professor at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst and an authority on American beauty rituals, says that nose-powdering in the office was an occasion for outrage in 1920's and 30's. Deploring the practice as a waste of company time, trade journals advised managers to discourage it among clerical workers. But how much time could it take? Certainly the concern was out of proportion with the number of minutes lost Peiss theorizes that it was the blatant assertion of a female practice in what had been an all-male province that disturbed critics. Peiss tells me that after the 30's, pulling out a compact was no longer an issue. It became an accepted practice. I ask if she feels free to apply lipstick at a professional lunch herself. Sounding mildly shocked, she says she would save that for the privacy of her car' afterward. Why? Because it would be 'a gesture of inappropriate femininity.' One guess is that most professional women feel this way. There is evidence of the popularity of the new lipsticks that remain in place all day without retouching. It's amazing to think that in our talk-show society, where every sexual practice is openly discussed, a simple sex-specific gesture could still have the power to disturb. The move belongs in the female arsenal and, like weapons, must be used with caution.

单选题Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. 'The adolescent becomes an adult when he 29 a real job.' To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an 30 . Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The 31 of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become 32 of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: 'True adaptation to society comes 33 when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.' Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken 34 out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was 35 , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature. As careers and vocations become less available during times of 36 , adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents 37 about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically 38 but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth. A. automatically B. beneficial C. capturing D. confused E. emphasizing F. entrance G. excited H. existence I. incidentally J. intolerant K. occupation L. promises M. recession N. slightly O. undertakes

单选题 Questions10-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.