单选题 Balancing College Life and Academics A. Control your Schedule; don't let your schedule control you. Organization and time management skills are two of the most valuable skills you will ever have. One of the first things you should do at the beginning of each semester is organize the dates of all class tests and project deadlines from each syllabus, and all required meetings and events from each organization. All obligations should then be logged into a centralized schedule you keep at all times, such as a daily planner, desk calendar, or even a PDA (personal digital assistant). For the next 4 months, you now know exactly what you must schedule the rest of your life around. B. Next, it is highly recommended for you to set a schedule for yourself in writing to include all other items you want to create as a routine. Most importantly, this should include times of study, such as every Tuesday and Thursday from 3:30-6:30. Physically block off these tinge periods every Tuesday and Thursday for the rest of the semester. Of course, the most important part of creating a schedule is sticking to it! So, be disciplined enough to schedule any other activities that are less important around those that are most important. C. Ask for help when you need it. Whether it involves academics or organizational responsibilities, everyone comes to a point where they feel overwhelmed. This is what friends, fellow members, and other university resources are there for. Unfortunately, there are several reasons why people don't seek help when it is available. Some people try to take on too much, trying to prove to themselves that 'I can do this all on my own'. Some may not want to admit to people that they 'can't handle everything.' Others may feel they must do everything all on their own, because only then will they know it will get done right and on time (an early signal of being a control freak). D. Academically, seek out help when you don't understand something. There should be plenty of resources available, from writing centers, to computer labs, to graduate assistants, to your professors who offer office hours. There are also other students who may understand that subject better, or who have even taken the course before. Especially in very large classes, some students may be intimidated to ask for help. But, the sole purpose of the institution and all of these resources is to help you learn. So use them. Ask for rope to be thrown down before you drown! E. Keep a firm grasp on your priorities. Understanding what your PRIORITIES are each and every day is one of the biggest keys to college success. It is also one of the easiest concepts to lose track of. It is a fast-paced world, where it is easy to become sidetracked with social activities, TV shows, video games, etc. Some people carry a card in their wallet, or even a card on their PC, where they list the top 1-5 priorities in their life. F. Everyone has exactly 24 hours each day. People who achieve more in life simply make better use of their 24 hours each day than everyone else. What you do with each of your 24 hours has as much to do with your success during college as any other factor. There is an old saying that 'if it's important enough to you, you make time for it.' Be sure that nobody is in charge of your tune except for you. It is one of the most valuable assets you have. G. Don't wait until the end of your college career to stop procrastinating (延迟). Whether it is an event or a semester project that is two months away, ask yourself each day 'What can be done now instead of later?' Write down when you are going to do something, not simply when something is due. Set deadlines for yourself, and put them in writing. Then stick to it. Most people procrastinate because the activity they are supposed to do is not as desirable as what they would rather be doing. However, if you complete tasks early, you can enjoy your leisure time worry-free. This is one of the biggest ways to alleviate stress. H. If it is the 3rd day of the month, and there is a project due on the 28th of the month, most students hardly have that project on the radar screen yet. Then, they see the project creep up on their calendar on the 24th or 25th, and they say 'Uh-oh! ' Further, they realize there is an event planned on the 26th, and they have to work at their part-time job on the 27th! This lack of planning is what leads to either missed deadlines, or turning a project in on time, but with poor quality. In addition to poor quality, it also led to undue stress for 4 days. One easy way to tackle projects ahead of time is to break the project down into several smaller ones. For example, instead of writing a 10-page paper in one night, write 1-page per day for 10 days, or 1-page every other day. This will save time, increase quality, and decrease stress. I. Go to class. That's right. Skipping class is one of the most dangerous, yet tempting habits on college campuses today. Sure, you might be able to miss a class here and there--perhaps even miss a lot of classes--and still pass if you cram hard enough. However, don't make things hard on yourself, make things easy. The more you attend class, the less you have to study, and the more time you have for the everything else you want or need to do. Professors also have a way of telling you what will be on the test, and explaining the answers in class--but you are only privy to that if you are actually in class. J. Try to get in the habit of forcing yourself to sit in the FRONT of the class, especially in large classes. Studies show that students retain more information, and pay more attention, even if they don't realize it. It also helps keep you awake. That usually allows you to take better notes, as well. K. Find a mentor or example of a great student lifer in your organization. Almost every organization has one or more students who are shining examples of the balance between extra-curricular activities and academics. They make the Dean's List every semester, hold an important office in the organization, work part-time, and even have a girlfriend or boyfriend. Everyone seems to ask 'How do they do it?' L. So, are they smarter than you? In most cases, ABSOLUTELY NOT! There have been literally millions of college students that were 'smart enough' to graduate, but who failed in the areas of time manage- ment, priorities, and responsibilities. So, understand the habits of those who are successful at balancing college life and academics. Ask them what their secrets are, and they will surely be willing to help. M. Have fun! Ok, so most college students don't need help with this tip, right? However, enjoy it while you can--you are only in college once! Many Americans recall their college days as the best time of their life. Believe it or not, professors, administrators, and us college speakers want you to enjoy every minute of it! Making efficient use of your time and controlling your schedule are important ingredients in being able to enjoy yourself. They allow you to alleviate stress and succeed both inside and outside the classroom, so you can have a BLAST during your college career. Good luck!

单选题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldfocusontheimpactofrealityshows.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.

单选题 Questions5-8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题 公共场合禁止吸烟 现在，许多国家都通过了在公共场合禁止吸烟的法律。一些吸烟者声称，如果在公共场合被禁止吸烟，他们的权利就被侵犯(infringe)了。然而，大多数不吸烟的人认为这是个好消息，在所有如饭店、剧院这样的公共场合的吸烟行为都应该被禁止。吸烟对吸烟者本身和他人都有害。据报道，世界上每年有上百万人因吸烟死亡。并且，吸烟还会污染空气。如果所有公共场合都禁止吸烟的话，我们将呼吸到更多新鲜干净的空气，所有人的健康状况都将会有很大提高。

单选题 1．目前很多大学生在追求时尚方面花费太多 2．你的看法

单选题 Opportunists and Competitors A. Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy. The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted. If all of one's money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy food or go to the movies. Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction. B. All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage. No choice is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents. Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant. Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth. Therefore the principal differences in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction. C. Almost all of an organism's energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body. Organisms at this extreme are 'opportunists'. At the other extreme are 'competitors', almost all of whose resources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction. D. Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content. Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal. These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants. E. A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds' falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy. F. Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by more competitive species. Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists. Hence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens. G. Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods. If their population is tracked through time, it will be seen to be particularly unstable—soaring and plummeting in irregular cycles. H. The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. I. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, out-competing all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. J. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. K. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics. L. Oak wood has a density of about 0.75g/cm3, great strength and hardness, and is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quarter-sawn. M. Oak planking was common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn(砍) from green logs, by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior paneling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London and in the construction of fine furniture. N. Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of European timber-framed buildings. Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and American oak. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine producers is to choose between French and American oak woods. French oaks (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resistance to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and other foods. O. Japanese oak is used in the making of professional drums from manufacturer Yamaha Drums. The higher density of oak gives the drum a brighter and louder tone compared to traditional drum materials such as maple and birch. In hill states of India, besides fuelwood and timber, the local people use oak wood for making agricultural implements. The leaves are used as fodder during lean period and bedding for livestock.

单选题 Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac (囊), or alveolus(肺泡), and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary (毛细血管) are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs. When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body. Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rate to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale(吸入), while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale. Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen (氮). This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: (1) About one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.

单选题America's most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 25 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 26 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news. Struggling with an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 27 to introduce a 'metered' model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 28 a set number of its online articles per month. The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 29 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not charge internet readers, and certain papers, such as London's Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions free. The New York Times' publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 30 that the move is a gamble: 'This is a bet, to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.' Boasting a print 31 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third best-selling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. While most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 32 national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 33 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world. But like many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a serious financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 34 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million loan from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet. A. suffered B. targeted C. circulation D. set out E. acknowledged F. abandoning G. multiplied H. intend to I. maintains J. claim K. evaluation L. set in M. on N. exceeded O. abusing

单选题 中国传统婚礼 中国传统婚礼是华夏文化的精粹。中国古人认为黄昏是一天中最吉利的时间，所以会在黄昏举行婚礼。中国人喜爱红，将红色看作是幸福、成功、好运、忠诚和繁荣的象征。因此在传统中国婚礼上，主色调是红色，有红色的蜡烛、红色的缎带(ribbon)、红花和新娘的红衣和红鞋。新娘吃的食物也是一种文化象征。新娘一般会吃红枣(red date)、花生、桂圆(longan)和瓜子(melon seed)，其中的象征意义可以从这四种食物的读音中看出。当这四种食物放在一起读时就是“早生贵子”。

单选题Looked at your child's handwriting lately (or your own) and thought it could use some improvement? Then did you wonder: Does it even matter in this age of digital correspondence? Turns out, it may. In today's Wall Street Journal story, we talk about new research 26 how handwriting helps with learning letters and shapes, can improve idea 27 and expression and may even 28 fine motor skill development. Even adults can benefit from the practice when studying new graphically different languages—such as Chinese—or symbols in sciences such as chemistry. Some physicians say it could help keep our minds 29 as we age. 30 , it may be modern technology that gives a boost to handwriting's resurgence (复兴). For anyone whose kids balk at (畏缩) or have 31 with traditional handwriting instruction, the arrival of new educational 32 for the iPhone, iPod, iPad and other touch screen devices may come as a welcome teaching aid. We checked out a few in the iTunes application store with names such as abc PocketPhonics, ABC Tracer and iWriteWords. Cheering pencils and encouraging animals give 33 feedback for good performance. Parents who've downloaded them say their kids think learning to write on these devices is a game. There are also adult apps, such as the $3.99 WritePad, which 34 your own handwriting to text. Some adults are setting out to fix their own handwriting through traditional means. Have you noticed a decline in your penmanship (书法) or are you 35 about your child's writing? How much time does your kid spend handwriting each week versus typing on a keyboard or handheld device? Do you think handwriting matters in the digital age? A. affirm B. aid C. composition D. concerned E. convert F. declining G. deemed H. games I. Ironically J. Naturally K. positive L. prosperity M. sharp N. showing O. trouble

单选题 A hugely wealthy wife is suing The Ritz in London after she lost ￡2 million in a single evening at its casino, saying it knew she was a gambling addict and should have stopped her. Multi-millionairess Nora Al-Daher, 50, posted the stunning loss in just a few hours at the West End casino in April 2012, fooling away thousands upon thousands at the Ritz Club's punto banco card table. Now she wants the money she paid out to be returned. She claims that club staff, who she says knew of her addiction, stood behind her at the table encouraging her to keep playing. The Omani politician's wife told the High Court: I needed someone that night to tell me to stop playing and bring me to my senses. If I had been told to stop, of course I would stop immediately. No one ever told me to stop or think about my gambling. They should have discouraged me, but instead they took advantage of me.' The court heard Mrs Al-Daher, who lives in Muscat, had already suffered substantial losses at other casinos when she arrived at The Ritz on the evening of April 3, 2012. She said at first she did not want to play, but only a matter of hours later, her ￡1.7 million cheque cashing limit had been reached and then extended, and she was ￡2 million down. Her lawyer, Robert Deacon, told Judge Anthony Seys Llewellyn that Mrs Al-Daher had made it clear when she arrived that she was 'a gambling addict', had made substantial losses elsewhere and did not want to play. 'The staff paid no regard to her upset behaviors or what she told them,' he said. 'She began gambling and, as her losses mounted, staff encouraged her to continue, saying she was going to win. As her gambling continued, staff stood behind her with prewritten cheques which were provided to her until ￡2million was gambled and lost. Staff positively encouraged her when she was losing, saying 'anything for you, Princess Nora...we trust you...no problem...relax...Don't worry...next time you will get your money back'. The Ritz Hotel and Casino Ltd failed to take any reasonable measures to prevent or lighten the consequences or worsening of self-inflicted harm by the assumption of control over her.' Mrs Al-Daher said she first realised she was a gambling addict in 1999 but struggled to admit to herself how serious her problem was. Between 1999 and 2012 she lost more than ￡7million at the Ritz alone.