单选题. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.7.

单选题. President Barack Obama's pick to head the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Lisa Jackson, has spent 20 years as an environmental officer at the state and national levels. She'll need every bit of that experience to revive an agency that has been corrupted for years, say scientists and environmentalists who welcomed this week's announcement. A 16-year veteran of EPA's Superfund site remediation (整治) program before taking the top environmental job for the state of New Jersey, Jackson holds a master's degree in chemical engineering. "She will be an outstanding administrator, committed to defending the integrity of the science on which EPA regulations must be based," says David Michaels, a research professor of environmental and occupational health at George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, D.C. That combination of skills and ethics is badly needed at EPA, say Michaels and other scientists. Kathryn Mahaffey, who left EPA this summer for GWU after 15 years of studying the risk to humans from exposure to pollutants, says that she was instructed three years ago by a politician to "go back and recalculate" her results on blood mercury levels among U.S. women. Political interference has grown so serious, she says, that outside scientists "aren't sure what scientific publications coming out of EPA they really should have confidence in." One issue waiting for the next EPA administrator is whether the agency will regulate carbon emissions under the Clean Air Act. Although the U.S. Supreme Court told EPA a few years ago to re-examine its opposition to doing so, agency Administrator Stephen Johnson said this summer that "the Clean Air Act is the wrong tool for the job". An assistant to Obama said that Obama would instruct EPA to regulate carbon under the act if Congress didn't adopt a cap-and-trade system in the next 18 months. Another policy opposed by many environmentalists—to deny California and other states the right to tighten auto emission standards—could be reversed by the new EPA administrator. As head of New Jersey's EPA, Jackson developed a plan to slash the state's carbon emissions and worked with other Northeast states on a regional program to do the same. Dena Mottola Jaborska, executive director of Environment New Jersey, credits Jackson with making the state "a leader on global warming." At the same time, some groups have criticized Jackson for making inadequate progress on cleaning up toxic waste sites. This month, she became chief of staff to Governor Jon Corzine. If confirmed by the Senate, Jackson, 46, would become the first African-American to lead EPA.1. During her career, Lisa Jackson had spent the longest time in ______.

单选题10. President Wilson attempted to ______ between the powers to end the war, but neither side was prepared to give in.

单选题. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.

单选题. There is never a good time to have a heart attack, but the wise person afflicted with clogging arteries (动脉堵塞) might want to be especially careful in future to avoid stress and watch the diet as August rolls around. The NHS, it is revealed today, has its very own black Wednesday, when death rates go up by an average of 6%; and there is a somewhat disturbing underlying cause—the arrival on the wards of a new intake of junior doctors. On the first Wednesday in August every year, a freshly qualified set of junior doctors arrives on the wards. Pristine (质朴的) and eager and brilliant they no doubt are, but while they are finding their way around something unexplained and slightly perplexing appears to happen. Researchers from the Dr. Foster unit and the department of acute medicine at Imperial College London say there has been a suspicion for years that more people die on the day the new doctors arrive, but for the first time they have established that it happens—although they say the rise in deaths is very small. They do not blame the doctors' inexperience or confusion in the hospital and say it is also possible that only the severest cases are admitted in that week, because of the changeover. Their study has international implications, the researchers say. "A similar effect has been recorded in the US (known as the 'July phenomenon')," they write in their paper. But previous studies have looked only at a few hospitals. The Imperial study is far bigger, examining carefully data from nearly 300,000 patients in 175 hospital trusts. It compared death rates on the first Wednesday in August with the last Wednesday in July. The difference was most marked in medical cases, where there was an 8% increase in deaths; there was no difference in surgical cases. "We wanted to find out whether mortality rates changed on the first Wednesday in August, when junior doctors take up their new posts," said senior author Paul Aylin. "What we have found looks like an interesting pattern and we would now like to look at this in more detail to find out what might be causing the increase." "Our study does not mean that people should avoid going into hospital that week. This is a relatively small difference in mortality rates, and the numbers of excess deaths are very low. It's too early to say what might be causing it." Shree Datta, chair of the British Medical Association's junior doctor committee, said the study had to be judged alongside others looking at mortality rates before and after junior doctors start their new jobs, but added: "Clearly even a small increase in death rates is of great concern and we need further research to see whether this is a general effect or an anomaly (反常)."1. According to the passage, August is the time when ______.

单选题. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.

单选题34. Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really ______ of the reality that they represent.

单选题4. He said that ending the agreement would ______ the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.

单选题12. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only ______ the crisis.

单选题. Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.5.

单选题. The extent and limits of ape (猿) intelligence is a hot area in science, but most of the research has focused on cognition. Now a team of scientists has turned the spotlight on emotions, and how well apes can read the human kind as displayed in our facial expressions. A paper in the September issue of the journal Developmental Science describes studies from the Wolfgang Kohler Primate Research Center in Leipzig, Germany. In the first test, a researcher sat at a table on one side of a panel while an ape sat on the other side. Two opaque boxes rested on the table. The scientist opened one box (making sure the ape could not see inside) and smiled with pleasure. He next opened the other and made a disgusted face. The ape was then allowed to reach through one of the holes in the panel and pick one box. Which would he choose? In 57 percent of the tests, the ape chose the box that elicited a smile from the scientist rather than an expression of disgust. Good choice. The box that brought the smile contained a grape, and the ape was rewarded for his perspicacity (敏锐) in reading human facial expressions. The other box contained dead insects. The apes' skill at reading an expression of happiness indicates that they can read meaning in the emotional expressions on human faces, suggesting that despite 6 million years of separate evolution apes and humans share a common emotional language. In the next experiments, the set-up was the same. An ape saw the scientist hold up a grape and a slice of banana, but his view was then blocked as the scientist put one treat under one cup and the other under the other cup. The ape then watched as the scientist looked under each of the two cups in turn, making an expression of happiness at one and of disgust at the other. The scientist next reached under one cup (at this point, the ape's view was again blocked, so he could not see which cup the scientist chose) and ate what was inside. His view restored, the ape saw the scientist chewing something with pleasure, and then was allowed to choose a cup for himself. This time the apes tended to choose the cup that had triggered the expression of disgust. Counterintuitive (违反常理的)? Not at all. The apes went beyond the far too simple "pick cup that elicited happy face" to make a fairly sophisticated computation. That is, they seemed to reason that the human would eat the food that made him smile, emptying that cup, with the result that only the disgust-inducing cup would still contain a snack.1. The research on ape emotions is aimed at understanding ______.

单选题34. Call your doctor for advice ff the ______ persist for more than a few days.

单选题Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.Is your promotion really necessary? Many workers focus their hopes on climbing the hierarchy of their____1____.The prospect of higher pay helps exp

单选题《复合题被拆开情况》 Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to those in need. One government proposition is to eliminate $10

单选题A Class ApartAHoused in a jumble of ancient buildings in the shadow of Westminster Abbey, Westminster School has been educating boys since it was founded in 1560 by Queen Elizabeth I to provide lesson

单选题. Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 22 to 25.7.

单选题Throughout history man has observed such natural c

单选题. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.