黄河
(the Yellow River)全长约5464公里，是中国的第二长河，仅次于
长江
(the Yangtze River)。黄河发源于青海省，流经9个省和自治区，最后注入
渤海
(the Bohai Sea)。黄河
流域
(basin)是中国古代文明的发祥地，因此黄河被称作中华民族的母亲河、中华文明的摇篮。黄河是生命力的象征，是中国人民的精神家园。千百年来，中国很多文学、艺术作品都与黄河有关。近年来，黄河水资源面临严重危机，如水质恶化和水土流失等。因此，保护黄河流域的生态环境刻不容缓。
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中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日之一，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到
元宵节
(the Lantern Festival)，即从
农历
(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的
对联
(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。
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If you go down to the woods today, you may meet high-tech trees—genetically modified to speed their growth or improve the quality of their wood. Genetically-engineered food crops have become increasingly common, albeit controversial, over the past ten years. But genetic engineering of trees has lagged behind. Part of the reason is technical. Understanding, and then altering, the genes of a big pine tree are more complex than creating a better tomato. While tomatoes sprout happily, and rapidly, in the laboratory, growing a whole tree from a single, genetically altered cell in a test tube is a tricky process that takes years, not months. Moreover, little is known about tree genes. Some trees, such as pine trees, have a lot of DNA—roughly ten times as much as human. And, whereas the Human Genome Project is more than half-way through its task of isolating and sequencing the estimated 100, 000 genes in human cells, similar efforts to analyze tree genes are still just saplings(幼苗). Given the large number of tree genes and the little that is known about them, tree engineers are starting with a search for genetic "markers". The first step is to isolate DNA from trees with desirable properties such as insect resistance. The next step is to find stretches of DNA that show the presence of a particular gene. Then, when you mate two trees with different desirable properties, it is simple to check which offspring contain them all by looking for the genetic markers. Henry Amerson, at North Carolina State University, is using genetic markers to breed fungal resistance into southern pines. Billions of these are grown across America for pulp and paper, and outbreaks of disease are expensive. But not all individual trees are susceptible. Dr. Amerson's group has found markers that distinguish fungus-resistant stock from disease-prone trees. Using traditional breeding techniques, they are introducing the resistance genes into pines on test sites in America. Using genetic markers speeds up old-fashioned breeding methods because you no longer have to wait for the tree to grow up to see if it has the desired traits. But it is more a sophisticated form of selective breeding. Now, however, interest in genetic tinkering(基因修补)is also gaining ground. To this end, Dr. Amerson and his colleagues are taking part in the Pine Gene Discovery Project, an initiative to identify and sequence the 50,000-odd genes in the pine tree's genome Knowing which gene does what should make it easier to know what to alter.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入了文明时代。创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的
丝绸之路
(the Silk Road)——世界上最古老的贸易通道——极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。长城、京杭
大运河
(grand canal)被誉为世界工程奇迹。此外，中国有着丰富多彩的传统文化和民间艺术，例如京剧、剪纸、风筝、
刺绣
(embroidery)、
皮影戏
(shadow play)等。
“一带一路”(the Belt and Road)指的是“丝绸之路经济带”(the Silk Road Economic Belt)和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”(the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road)。“一带一路”旨在借用古代丝绸之路的历史符号，高举和平发展的旗帜，积极发展与沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系。“一带一路”战略构想的提出，契合沿线国家的共同需求，为沿线国家优势互补、开放发展开启了新的机遇之窗，是国际合作的新平台。“一带一路”的建设，顺应了全球化趋势和各国抱团取暖、共同合作的愿望，有着良好的发展前景。
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The Dodge BrothersA) It was 100 years ago this week that the Dodge brothers founded the powerful car brand that still bears their name. But few have heard the tale of how the two-fisted brothers started their business in Canada. John and Horace Dodge spent nearly eight years working in Windsor as machinists, founding their first company here, and learning how to massively produce manufactured goods.B) The Evans Dodge Bicycle Company is nearly forgotten now. But it taught the brothers how to run a leading-edge technology business—which it was in those days, says Windsor automotive historian Mickey Moulder. After selling out to CCM in 1900, the brothers took $7,500 in capital out of the little Windsor Company back to Detroit and founded Dodge Brothers. So laid the foundation of the gigantic fortune they managed to produce before both dying in 1920.C) What a pair the quarrelling Dodge brothers were, with their red hair, their barrel chests and tendency for heavy boozing and bar fighting. Horace was the quieter mechanical brain, doggedly working out problems on his work bench with a micrometer until midnight. John was the play boy, the salesman, the spokesman for the both of them. Although born four years apart, John in 1864 Horace in 1868, they were inseparable. Which is what brought them to Windsor. They had moved to Detroit from rural Niles, Mich., in 1886 at ages 22 and 18, taking jobs in the same factory, Murphy's Boiler Works. If they needed any toughening up, which is doubtful, they learned it there and the nearby waterfront taverns.D) But a fit of tuberculosis eventually made the heavy work impossible for John, so in 1892 he came to Windsor looking for lighter duties at the Dominion Typograph Company on Sandwich Street(now Riverside Drive).E) According to family legend, the owners of the company, located in the Medbury Block just west of Ouellette Avenue, wanted to hire only one machinist. But John announced both he and Horace would be hired as a team or neither of them would work in Canada. The two leading technologies of the day were typesetting machines and bicycles. And Dominion happened to make both. That especially suited Horace.F) Moulder, a car collector and former Ford of Canada executive, has been a lifelong student of automotive history. He' s also co-chairman of the Canadian Transportation Museum in Essex, and he tells the Dodge story with enthusiasm. "Bicycles were the high-tech mechanical device of the 1880s and 1890s. Everybody and the two brothers(literally) were fascinated by them," Moulder says, "The Dodge brothers, the Leland brothers(Cadillac, Lincoln) and the Wright brothers all built bicycles before their gasoline machines".G) John became foreman at Dominion Typograph, Horace a "skilled machinist," according to the Windsor City Directory of 1894. Within five years its owner, Fred Evans, had taken in the brothers as full partners and they devoted themselves to building bicycles exclusively.H) Their products were known for being extremely smooth, reliable and robust, just as their cars would be a few years later. By November, 1897, Evans Dodge employed 100 people in Windsor.I) But the overpopulated bicycle industry began consolidating, and Evans and Dodge decided to sell. Although John had married a Canadian from Walkerton, Ont, and Horace was married on his lunch-break at a church in Walkerville, the Dodges had never lived in Windsor. So they took their little nest egg back to Detroit and rented a new shop. They started taking orders for difficult-to-machine parts. Business took off due to high quality work and respect for deadlines.J) Their first big customer: Ransom Olds, father of the first mass produced American automobile. They built engines and transmissions for him, quickly making big money. "The Dodge brothers got a reputation for being really, really good suppliers," Moulder says.K) Henry Ford came knocking next, and they were soon supplying him with nearly complete cars. Ford was broke, was a poor machinist and couldn't make much himself. "The Dodge brothers essentially provided the heart and soul of the first Ford cars built in 1903 and 1904," Moulder says. "The running chassis(底盘) was made by Dodge Brothers. Ford just put on the fenders, the windshield, the headlights, the seats, dressed it up. Ford didn't make its own first car. Dodge Brothers did. And that' s why Ford became so well known, because the car was so well built".L) "They were geniuses. They were tough bastards, too," says Moulder. "They were big guys, and you didn 't cross either of them or badmouth them because they'd hear about it. And if they happened to see you in a bar at the wrong time—even if you were a lawyer—after they had a few drinks in them ... The Dodges would either drag the offending party out into the street for their punishment or break up the whole bar. Then next morning they'd come back and pay for all the damages. They were tough birds, which is why they took on Henry Ford. Everybody else was afraid of him, but they took him on and won."M) Ford's defeat in a dispute over stocks the Dodges owned in his company came in the form of a lawsuit which netted the Dodges $25 million—more than enough to launch their own car brand in 1914. They started by incorporating all the ideas Henry Ford had rejected. Technologically, they were well ahead of the pack.N) "We've got a beautiful Dodge Brothers car, a 1920 four door sedan," Moulder says. It's on permanent display at the Transportation Museum on the Arner Town Line. "It's full of advances that you would never find on any other car at the time." For instance: the first metal weather stripping to keep rain out of the passenger compartment, the first one-piece roof stampings, the first silent starters, and the first 12-volt electrical systems. A Dodge always started in the cold due to those 12-volt systems, which is why the rest of the world eventually followed suit, Moulder says.O) The brothers got to enjoy quite a bit of their vast wealth, building castle-like mansions outside Detroit and commissioning giant yachts. But their premature deaths at ages 55 and 52 shocked the world at the time. John sat for days on end at Horace' s bedside when his younger brother was stricken by the Spanish flu, leaving only when he himself collapsed from it, dying a few days later. Horace rallied and lived a few more months before following his beloved older brother into a crypt in the family's huge tomb in Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery. John's Canadian wife ran Dodge Brothers the company until 1925, selling out for $147 million to a Wall Street investment firm, which flipped it three years later to Walter P. Chrysler for $175 million.
The idea of using your dishwasher to cook a meal has been around since the '80s. It's been used to cook【C1】 1mainly fish. The Times ran a recipe on dishwasher-cooked salmon back in 1986. The recipe said to【C2】 2the salmon in foil then run it through a full cycle without using any soap. That sounds like a fun dinner-party【C3】 3but not exactly a good way to【C4】 4your carbon emission. What's more, using water and electricity to run a load without【C5】 5cleaning anything sounds like a waste of time and money. But a recent survey suggested the technique could be making a【C6】 6It may have a little something to do with the change to the original cooking technique that could prove to be【C7】 7to a new, eco-friendly, convenience-focused generation in the kitchen. Lisa Casali, an Italian author, wrote a book on dishwasher cooking that's actually meant to save energy. The book, "Cucinare in lavastoviglie" suggests recipes for meals cooked in airtight【C8】 8jars during a regular dish cycle, with detergent, including one for cooking pasta with vegetables in the dishwasher. A little salmon in a jar cooked next to last night's dirty dishes doesn't sound all that【C9】 9Initially, you may feel【C10】 10by such an idea, but when you get past that stage, it does make sense for the busy parent or college student looking to save time. Will we see dishwasher-cooked fish on a restaurant menu anytime soon? Probably not, but sounds like it's worth a try. Let us know if you've used your dishwasher to cook or if you're willing to give it a try. A)trick B)appetizing C)sealed D)decrease E)attractive F)comeback G)protein H)profoundly I)prolonged J)shocked K)actually L)wrap M)accordingly N)misleading O)menu 【C1】
How to Love the World As It Is? [A]It struck me recently that a lot of people think they know what's wrong with this world, and it also struck me that they're all wrong. Seriously—almost every political and religious group, every opinionated person, every publication with an opinion, has said at one time or another what they think is wrong with this world. So what's really wrong with the world, in my opinion? Not a thing. [B]It seems to be a prevailing world-view that the world is messed up, that there are just a few things wrong with it, and if we could only get those things to change, the world would be great. If we could just educate people and get them to realize what's wrong with this world, things could change. [C]This type of view of the world stems from an ideal that many people have in their heads of what the world should be like. They might not realize they have that ideal, but it's there. And the world will never reach this Platonic ideal, because it's just this image of perfection that does not match reality. Reality and this ideal are incompatible. [D]So what's wrong with that view? Nothing's wrong with it, actually. That's how most people are, and I don't think I can change that, nor would I want to. I thought it would be an interesting discussion, though, because I think this discrepancy between what people think the world should be and what the world really is can cause unhappiness. If you want the world to be completely vegetarian and kind to animals, and it isn't and won't be in the foreseeable future, you will most likely be unhappy. If you want the world to go back to how it was during your childhood, or during your parents' generation, and it isn't likely to do so, you're not going to be happy. The same is true of any of our ideals. It's very possible that the reality of the people in your life don't meet these ideals. That might cause you to be unhappy with them. When reality doesn't meet ideals—and it rarely does—we become unhappy. [E]So what's the alternative? I'm not proposing that you, or anyone else, change your world-view. If you, or anyone else, are happy with that world-view, don't change it. But there is an alternative, and I'm not saying it's better. It's the world-view I try to have: instead of having an ideal, stop looking for perfection. Accept the world as it is, and love it for what it is. Accept people as they are, and love them. [F]What would be the result of this alternative world-view? Well, I think you'd be happier, if only because you didn't see the world as a fundamentally flawed or evil place, and began to see the good in the world. This, however, is open to individual interpretation, and your own experience is likely to be different than mine. [G]Does this mean that we should give up on trying to make positive changes in the world? Should we stop trying to make the world a better place? No! Don't ever stop trying to do good things! Even if the world is already, a good place, we can always find happiness and satisfaction in trying to do good, in trying to make people's lives better. [H]But what about all the evil and suffering in the world? Should we accept and love that as well? That's the toughest part, I think. It's hard to accept that people are dying of diseases and famine and war and murder and abuse, and perhaps impossible to love that aspect of the world. You don't have to love it, but it helps to try to really understand it. Why does this happen? What are the deeper reasons? At the heart of the deepest reasons is humanity—we are all flawed creatures in some way, and that's what makes us human and beautiful. [I]Why would someone commit violence, for example? Because they are evil? There are numerous reasons, but at the heart of it is probably that this person was hurt, abandoned, abused, or neglected in some way, at some point in his life. That person needs our compassion more than anyone. And if we try to understand this person, or understand the heart of any violence in the world, then we can better apply the love and compassion that's needed to heal this pain and make the world a better place. [J]So let's say that you'd like to try this world-view. You'd like to love people, and the entire world, as it is, and not as you'd like it to be. How do you go about doing that? There are six things I recommend doing. [K](1)Stop looking for perfection and ideals. Realize that you have an ideal in your head, and that it is probably incompatible with the world. It might be an ideal about a person, or about how things should be. The world and people are not perfect. Stop looking for perfection, and realize that it is already here. [L](2)Observe. Instead of looking at this ideal picture in your head, look at what's really there. What is the world really like? What are people really like? The only way to know this is to observe. Listen to people. Look at the world around you. Gather data, from reality. [M](3)Understand. Now that you have this data, start asking questions. Why are people the way they are? Why did someone do what they did? Why does this problem really exist? Don't stop at the first answers you come up with—dig deeper, and deeper, until you really understand something. Seek to understand before you judge, in all situations. Sometimes that will require imagination—you won't be able to really know the root of something unless you personally investigate everything, but instead sometimes you can try to imagine what made a person the way they are, or a situation what it is. [N](4)Accept. Once you've observed and begun to understand, accept that this is the way the world is. This is who the person is. The world isn't going to meet any ideal—it is what it is, and while it will always change, it probably won't change to meet your ideal. The person in question is exactly the same—they won't meet your ideal, but are who they are. Accept this as fact. [O](5)Love and Compassion. Once you've accepted things or people as they are, try to find it in your heart to love them, as they are. The way to do this is to see the good in everything and everyone, and if you've sought to really look and understand, you will find good in everything. [P](6)Enjoy Life. The world is a wonderful place once you've accepted it for what it is and sought to love it. People are wonderful creatures, full of life and creativity and messiness and uniqueness. Accept this, understand it, love it. And enjoy this gift we've been given, for it is incredible. And perfect, just as it is.
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“那达慕”(Nadama)是蒙古语，意为“娱乐、游戏”，还可以表示人们丰收的喜悦之情。
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随着人们生活水平的提高，孩子们有更多的机会外出就餐，他们无法抵制美食的诱惑，结果不可避免地胖起来。
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenelaborateyourownopiniontowardscertificatecraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
BSection C/B
1．网络对传统教育产生了很大的影响，越来越多的人趋向于网络学习2．产生这种现象的原因3．为此，我们自己应当……