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{{B}}PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.{{/B}}

When the United Nations and world leaders made universal primary education one of their eight millennium development goals, more than 100 million children were not in school. They aimed to bring that number down to zero by 2015. This week, marking the halfway point, ministers, donors, and others are meeting in Dakar to assess their progress. Ronald Siebes is co-president of the U. S.-based Fast Track Initiative, an organization aimed at channeling extra funding from partners including the World Bank, the United Nations, and the European Union to the poorest countries to help them achieve the education goals. "We are really making progress, "he said. "There are huge challenges, but progress is being made to achieve this important goal. " After a slow start in the 32 countries funded by the Fast Track Initiative, their annual report says by 2010 most will have 100 percent of kids starting first grade. An official with the same organization, Desmond Bermingham, says countries in West Africa, whether funded by the Fast Track Initiative or not, are making progress. "I would say the most critical issue is that the governments are making education a priority, " he said. "It is a political will issue and they are really making very rapid progress. They have got a lot of catching up to do. They are moving faster than any region has ever moved before."But he says part of the reason is that West Africa had the farthest to go. In some countries in the region, more than three-quarters of school-age children do not attend school. Bermingham says several countries are putting measures in place to block corruption in the education sector, rampant in many African countries. "Where it is working really well is where there is a very short accountability line between the school and the parents, "he noted. "They have a really strong interest in making sure the money is used properly. Several countries are now introducing systems of publishing the school budget in the newspapers or even on the door of the school. Uganda is one of them, Kenya is one of them, and Niger has introduced a similar system."But Lucia Fry, of the South Africa-based Global Campaign for Education, says if progress continues at the current pace, it will be impossible to meet the development goals by 2015. She says aid falls far short of what is needed. "Overall, we need another $6 billion US per year just to get every child to complete a primary cycle of education, "she explained. And she says too much emphasis is being put on enrolling kids in school without ensuring that they stay long enough to finish. "Although primary enrollment has risen we have also got in 50 countries worldwide, less than half of all children worldwide complete primary school, " she added. And she says there is still a long way to go to address the needs of children on the margins, including those with handicaps, who live in conflict zones, or who work to support their families.

It's important that people be able to draw a_____ between the policies of the leaders and the views of their supporters.

Conversational Skills1. Skill to ask questionsa) Be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer others' questions regardless of【T1】______【T1】______b) Start a conversation with some personal but【T2】______questions【T2】______c) Be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to【T3】______for answers【T3】______a) Don't shift from subject to subjectStick to the same subject: signs of【T4】______in conversation【T4】______b) Listen to【T5】______of voice【T5】______If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject;c) Use【T6】______【T6】______3. Skill to laugha) Ease people's【T7】______【T7】______b) Help start【T8】______【T8】______4. Skill to【T9】______【T9】______a) Leave a deep impression on othersb) Open up possibilities for a second【T10】______【T10】______

______ we are not asked to fill the readers' feedback, we have no need to do it.

In my eyes, his request that his cost _______ by the hour is completely reasonable.

Kelsey likes eating very much, but he isn't very ______ about the food he eats.

What to Do If You Suspect a Food Allergy1. Consequences of food allergy30,000 emergency room visits2,000 hospitalizations【T1】______2. Strategy 1:【T2】______Reasons: you may be missing out and may misdiagnose【T3】______between food intolerance and food allergyIntolerances:【T4】______and challengingAllergies: life-threateningTo do a【T5】______for body reactions3. Strategy 2: keep a food diary【T6】______Any symptoms you haveHow long the symptoms happen4. Strategy 3: try an【T7】______Effect: helping to find out the problem foodNotice: to try it under doctor's【T8】______5. To eliminate a food from your dietRead【T9】______Know【T10】______Remind others of your problem food

My grandmother cut a recipe sometime in the 1940s or 1950s for "Mrs. Orr's Chocolate Cake" from the Monitor. When my dad tasted this cake, he was so enchanted with it that he requested this cake every year, both for Father's Day and for his birthday in September. Dad was a creature of habit. He didn't always greet new experiments in cooking with glee. When I graduated from college and got my first apartment, I began to learn to cook, with guidance and suggestions from my mom and the help of a few good cookbooks. I also began to experiment. Often when I invited Mom and Dad over for dinner, I tried a new recipe. Dad would look at his plate suspiciously and ask, "Am I the 'guinea pig' for this meal?" Dad especially didn't encourage experimentation where his birthday cake was concerned. It had to be Mrs. Orr's cake, made in a metal 9-by-13-inch pan, rather than in layers, and it had to have white butter cream icing, not the traditional chocolate icing that many people enjoy on chocolate cake. Once we asked if he would like chocolate icing for a change. Silly question. So we enjoyed Mrs. Orr's cake with white icing twice a year. Nothing fancy, nothing pretentious—just like Dad. No nuts, coconut, sprinkles, or other decorations. No pretty cake plate or beautiful presentation. Just plain cake with icing in a plain metal pan. Somehow, it seemed to fit Dad, a plain, no-nonsense kind of man with Midwestern down-home friendliness. Dad was very generous in sharing his special cake with family and friends. When my sister and I were no longer living at home, we'd still get together for Father's Day and Dad's birthday. He always cut generous pieces for us to take home. When a neighbor came over for morning coffee, Dad always offered him a piece of cake, commenting with awe that either his wife or daughters had made him this cake, and how much they must love him for going to "all that work"—a comment not so meaningful as it would have been if we'd made him a layer cake and decorated it. Of course, we asked repeatedly if he'd rather have a different cake, maybe decorated. Again, silly question. For some reason that no one understands, this cake always rises higher in the middle than a normal cake, sometimes looking rather lopsided. It doesn't seem to matter which kind of pan we use, or which type of chocolate. That means the corners and sides of the cake get more icing than the center. Personally, I always like a corner piece. So did Dad. Years ago, my cousin told me she makes Mrs. Orr's cake as a layer cake and uses chocolate icing. I tried it when I was having company(not Dad), using raspberry jam between two layers and a chocolate butter cream icing on the top and sides. The sides looked too messy for company, so I pressed chopped nuts into them, piped the chocolate icing around the bottom and top, and everyone thought I bought it at a bakery. It was amazingly rich and wonderful, hence the name I gave it, Majestic Chocolate Cake. The funny thing, though, is that I missed the white icing! Dad isn't with us anymore, but whenever I see this recipe in my file, I'm filled with sweet memories of the man who loved his special cake, appreciated those who'd baked it, and shared it so freely.

Microblog, as a newly emerging social network, has swept over China, which serves as a convenient medium for the public to express opinions freely, share information and disclose the undesirable behavior such as corruption. On the other hand, it is misused by some people to defame others and cause chaos in society. What do you think? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Is Microblog a Blessing or a Curse? Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

{{B}}PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}

If you think money can't buy you friends, think again, in the online world, it's possible to purchase a crowd of fans. One thousand cost only $18 on average, according to estimates by Barracuda Networks, a network security company. Yet these friends won't meet you for drinks after work. In fact, they don't even exist. They are pixels on a screen. A large share of social-media followers of the biggest companies are not human, believes Marco Camisani Calzolari, an entrepreneur and professor at Milan's ILUM University. In a recent study he quantified the proportion of computer-generated fans or inactive users following big brands on Twitter. To decide whether a follower is human, Mr. Camisani Calzolari used various criteria, including the number of posts from a fan's Twitter account and the use of correct punctuation in tweets. According to this research, by June 2011 nearly half of Twitter followers of computer maker Dell—about 700, 000—were bots. Some politicians also seem to have many fake followers. Mitt Romney, the former Republican presidential candidate, became the focus of media attention when his Twitter following swelled by 17% in a single day in July. On close inspection, a significant proportion of Mr. Romney's followers appeared to be fake profiles. In Italy Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement lost the driving force when Mr. Camisani Calzolari made a similar claim about the followers of the comedian-turned-politician. There is no indication that any of the companies mentioned in Mr. Camisani Calzolari's paper have bought followers—rogue bots often attach themselves to people and brands without payment. But some firms do buy a social media following. Fake profiles are at the center of a very vibrant and growing underground economy, says Barracuda Networks. On eBay, the e-commerce site, for instance, the firm's researchers have found 20 sellers offering to set up such profiles. For start-ups a strong social media following can boost business. A small mom-and-pop shop struggling to sell its goods can look like a booming upstart thanks to a swollen Twitter account, or an artificially high number of Facebook likes. For major international companies, a small number of followers in the early stages of engagement with social media can be embarrassing at best and damaging to brand perception at worst. Buying crowds of fans—even if they aren't engaged with the brand—can give an artificial boost to a business. For now, the trick works. "Normal people don't know yet that there is this biack market. Most have total trust that a brand's followers are real, " says Mr. Camisani Calzolari. But brands are already finding diminishing returns. When everybody has a large following, the impact is much diminished. And consumers are starting to cotton on to sharp practices. "The number of followers is a superficial measurement unless they are engaged, " argues Carly Donovan of Ogilvy Action, an arm of Ogilvy & Mather, the advertisement and public relations agency. Money can buy you friends—just not very good ones.

You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.Scope CreepIn economics, business, and law, "scope creep" refers to a situation which customers expect services in excess of those contracted for. The elements to such a situation are 1) a signed contract spelling out terms of service. 2) a demand by the customer that performance exceed goods or services actually named in the agreement. Typically, disagreement between parties centers on what is "implied" by this or that key term. As might be expected, the phenomenon is a common pitfall in international business where expectations across cultures vary widely.Now hear a talk on the same subject.Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the lecture is related to the reading passage. You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.Scope CreepIn economics, business, and law, "scope creep" refers to a situation which customers expect services in excess of those contracted for. The elements to such a situation are 1) a signed contract spelling out terms of service. 2) a demand by the customer that performance exceed goods or services actually named in the agreement. Typically, disagreement between parties centers on what is "implied" by this or that key term. As might be expected, the phenomenon is a common pitfall in international business where expectations across cultures vary widely.Now hear a talk on the same subject.Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the lecture is related to the reading passage.

A. varies B. general C. meaning D. situation E. possibility F. model G. acquire H. sense I. nonsense J. effective K. exactly O. matter L. geographical M. sensitive N affect What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one【C1】______ there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. No two speakers speak in【C2】______ the same way, we can always hear differences between them, and the pronunciation of English 【C3】______ a great deal in different【C4】______ areas. How do we decide what sort of English to use as a【C5】______? This is not a question that can be answered in the same way for all foreign learners of English. If you live in a part of the world, like India or West Africa, where there is a long tradition of speaking English for【C6】______ communication purposes, you should tend to 【C7】______ a good variety of the pronunciation of this area It would be a【C8】______ in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or things of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English, you must take as your model some form of native English pronunciation. It does not【C9】______ very much which form you choose. The most【C10】______ way is to take as your model the sort of English you can hear most often.

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(l)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. (2)Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. (3)Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns. (4)One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

I'm supposed to go to the meeting, but I have an out—Sam invited me first to come to his wedding. The underlined word means ______.

Desire, hatred and envy ______ his mind and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.

He said that they had______ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support.