单选题A. claim B. advanced C. challenge D. but E. constantly F. declare G. piles up H. limited I. significance J. hesitated K. and L. reduced M. regret N. scary O. totally Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 42 to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 43 to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 44 unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up interviews and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable 45 I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad moments, 46 by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never 47 to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even 48 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition 49 . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning 50 , the world opens to you. I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for 51 and I believe I can accomplish wonders.

单选题 The Greatest American Detective Novels 1. The Maltese Falcon by Samuel Dashiell Hammett a) Character: Sam Spade i. A man who saw the corrupt side of life but still retained his tarnished 2 ii. A tough guy but also a 3 at heart, making him one of the most enduring detective characters 2. Novels by Raymond Chandler a) The Big Sheep Published in 4 i. Character: Philip Marlowe 1. Quietly 5 and enjoyed chess and poetry 2. Not afraid to risk 6 but never violent merely to settle scores b) All 7 novels were produced in the 7 of his life c) Each of the 7 novels has unique qualities of 8 , depth and focus 3. I, the Jury by Mickey Spillane a) Character; Mike Hammer i. The prototypical 9 detective ii. Brutally violent and fueled by a 10 iii. Holds the law in 11

单选题 Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense? ______

单选题 SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each mutiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE (1) No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. (2) At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in I992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $17. g billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. (3) The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats. (4) Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hardline stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society's ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedom under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize. PASSAGE TWO (1) In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. (2) Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of 'trash talk'. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境) of other people's lives. (3) Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. (4) Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a 'final word'. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. (5) Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audiences are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation. (6) While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. PASSAGE THREE (1) An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people opposed it or hand serious reservations about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview. When asked to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and finally confessed, 'Well, I guess, because it's new. That's my only reason.' (2) Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison. The stigma of having a criminal record was an adequate deterrent, and nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison. (3) Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. 'If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from killing somebody else?' This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime. The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it. (4) A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime. (5) No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and made recommendations for or against it. PASSAGE FOUR (1) The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. 'She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.' More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance. (2) We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on. (3) Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. ff we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).

单选题 How I wish every family ______ a large house with a beautiful garden!

单选题 Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ______ to the professor.

单选题 There have always been reputable and competent scientists who have disagreed with new theories. The underlined part means ______.

单选题 Both properties occupy a region long known as the 'lung of Haikou' for its green ______ and fresh air.

单选题 Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Glaciers Glaciers are formed in places where the temperatures are extremely cold.

单选题 We can use our eyes and facial expressions to communicate virtually every ______ nuance of emotion.

单选题 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth- century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as 'solitary' and 'individual theorists' were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism. The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited. Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia. Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. PASSAGE TWO When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy taxpayers. There is some math to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska's educators and the state's largest teachers' union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur the passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school funding. It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open. But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year's state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more. Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated. Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week. PASSAGE THREE I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died 'full of years', as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence calls on the two families on the same afternoon. At the first home, the son of the deceased woman said to me, 'If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died.' At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, 'If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead.' When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse? There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds. The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen. PASSAGE FOUR The theory of stellar evolution predicts that when the core of a star has used up its nuclear fuel, the core will collapse. If the star is about the size of the sun, it will turn into a degenerate dwarf star. If it is somewhat larger, it may undergo a supernova explosion that leaves behind a neutron star. But if the stellar core has a mass greater than about three solar masses, gravitational forces overwhelm nuclear forces and the core collapses. Since nuclear forces are the strongest repulsive forces known, nothing can stop the continued collapse of the star. A black hole in space is formed. Because of the intense gravitational forces near the black hole, nothing can escape from it, not even light. If we were to send a probe toward an isolated black hole, the probe would detect no radiation from the black hole. It would, however, sense a gravitational field like the one that would be produced by a normal star of the same mass. As the probe approached the black hole, the gravitational forces would increase inexorably (不可阻挡地). At a distance of a few thousand kilometers, the gravitational forces would literally be torn away from the side furthest away from the black hole. Eventually, at a distance of a few kilometers from the black hole, the particles that made up the probe would pass the point of no return, and the particles would be lost forever down the black hole. This point of no return is called the gravitational radius of the black hole. But how can we hope to observe such an object? Nature, herself, could conceivably provide us with a 'probe' of a black hole: a binary star system in which one of the stars has become a black hole and is absorbing the mass of its companion star. As the matter of the companion star fell into the black hole, it would accelerate. This increased energy of motion would be changed into heat energy. Near the gravitational radius the matter would move at speeds close to the speed of light, and temperatures would range from tens of millions of degrees to perhaps as much as a billion degrees. At these temperatures, X and gamma radiation are produced. Further, since the matter near the gravitational radius would be orbiting the black hole about once every millisecond, the X radiation should show erratic, short-term variability unlike the regular or periodic variability associated with neutron stars and degenerate dwarfs. The X-ray source Cygnus X-1 fulfills these 'experimental' conditions. It is part of a binary star system in which a blue supergiant star is orbiting an invisible companion star. This invisible companion has a mass greater than about nine times the mass of the Sun, and it is a strong X-ray source that shows rapid variations in the intensity of its X-ray flux. Most astronomers believe that Cygnus X-1 is a black hole but this belief is tempered(使暖和) with a dose of caution. The idea of a black hole is still difficult to swallow, but theorists can think of no other object that could explain the phenomenon of Cygnus X-1. For this reason, in most scientific papers, Cygnus X-1 is referred to simply as a black hole 'candidate'.

单选题 The film, The Sound of Music, attracted the audience with the figure of a lovely young lady and her charming songs, which could ______ the audience's passion for life.

单选题 Which of the following sentences does NOT contain subjunctive mood?

单选题 Government in Britain 1. National Government Center of government: 2 . The House of Commons: lower but 3 of the two Houses; The House of Lords: having 4 members, who are in the House of Lords not because of 5 but because of their MPs: discuss and vote on the bills; 6 The House of Lords: suggest changes but cannot 7 the bill. 2. Local Government: making 8 . Paid for by 9 and also partially by the national government. Main job: to 10 and 11 local services. Also responsible for setting the amount of tax and collecting the tax.

单选题 Your ideas, ______, seem unusual to me.

单选题 The board ______ of the opinion that the news shouldn't be carried in the newspaper.

单选题 Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of manner?

单选题 The project requires more money than ______.