单选题{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}} Psychologists originally used the term short-term memory to refer to the ability to hold information in mind over a brief period of time. As conceptions of short-terra memory expanded to include more than just the brief storage of information, psychologists created new terminology. The term working memory is now commonly used to refer to a broader system that both stores information briefly and allows manipulation and use of the stored information. Psychologists often study working memory storage by examining how well people remember a list of items. In a typical experiment, people are presented with a series of words, one every few seconds. Then they are instructed to recall as many of the words as they can, in any order. Most people remember the words at the beginning and end of the series better than those in the middle. This phenomenon is called the serial position effect because the chance of recalling an item is related to its position in the series. In this experiment, recall was tested either immediately after presentation of the list items or after 30 seconds. Subjects in both conditions demonstrated what is known as the primacy effect, which is better recall of the first few list items. Psychologists believe this effect occurs because people tend to process the first few items more than later items. Subjects in the immediate-recall condition also showed the recency effect, or better recall of the last items on the list. Working memory has a basic limitation: It can hold only a limited amount of information at one time. Early research on short-term storage of information focused on memory span--bow many items people can correctly recall in order. More recent studies have attempted to separate true storage capacity from processing capacity by using tests more complex than memory span. These studies have estimated a somewhat lower short-term storage capacity than did the earlier experiments. People can overcome such storage limitations by grouping information into chunks, or meaningful units. Working memory is critical for mental work, or thinking. The ability to carry out these kinds of calculations depends on working memory capacity, which varies individually. Studies have also shown that working memory changes with age. As children grow older, their working memory capacity increases. Working memory declines in old age and in some types of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Working memory capacity is correlated with intelligence (as measured by intelligence tests). This correlation has led some psychologists to argue that working memory abilities are essentially those that underlie general intelligence. In addition, research suggests that there are different types of working memory. For example, the ability to hold visual images in mind seems independent from the ability to retain verbal information.

单选题My mother can't _________ because she has rheumatism.

单选题The teachers whispered ______ they should disturb the students.

单选题Which statement is NOT true about the Big Year?

单选题Just be as cool as a cucumber. The underlined part means ______. A. happy B. calm C. straight D. cool

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单选题Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Joseph can throw the ball farther than Mike. B. Lately the students have been staying out late. C. The bullet went cleanly through his shoulder. D. The train goes there direct.

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system. "You appear to be astonished," Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones." "But the Solar System!" I protested. "What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently. One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it. Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life," and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. "From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it." This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.

单选题"Everything is going to be fine," my mother said, ______ me on the head.

单选题Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.

单选题The farmers are ______ seeds over the field.

单选题By the time you graduate from college, we ______ in Australia for one year.

单选题The generation of Americans who are now (in 1989) young adults has been, as odd as it sounds, deprived of the adversity that has been so valuable in shaping the American character. The First and Second World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, the Depression, the civil rightsmovement, and the assassinations during the 1960s were traumatic experiences that tested the nation"s mettle and proved that we as a people, joined together, could meet the stiffest of challenges. Those tests, which ultimately gave us such great confidence, have been crucial to shaping every American generation this century. Until now, Americans in their late teens to early thirties—a group that accounts for a hefty 25 percent of the American population--are the first of this century to mature in a world where the elusive American ideal of simultaneous peace and prosperity is, for very many of them, at long last a reality. These young men and women were spared the brunt of the Cold War, of Vietnam, and of the domestic chaos and bitter discord of the 1960s. They have grown up in a world without the megachanges of previous decades such as the women"s movement, for example, or the sexual revolution that the Pill brought about. They are the post-Vietnam generation, the 60.3 million Americans born from 1957 to 1971. The oldest of them, now thirty-two, remember Watergate, but they were preteens during the most turbulent parts of the late sixties. The youngest of them, now eighteen, were not even born when Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy were killed. The older ones come from the final years of the baby boom, the younger ones from the years when American birth rates were declining—now called the baby burst. But what makes this group fascinating is their lack of a common, bonding experience and their failure—so far—to challenge and push the nation as their predecessors did twenty years ago. In a sense they are a generation caught in the middle-not products of Vietnam, but not Nintendo ( 日本电子游戏机名) kids, either.

单选题Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ______ alone. A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen

单选题 {{I}} Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题______ of the department, I would like to thank Mr. Jones for his stimulating lecture.

单选题It was the driver's ______ that caused him to step on the gas instead of the brake after his car went over the curb.[A] fraud[B] alarm[C] terror[D] panic

单选题Which of the following expresses COORDINATION? A. It being a rainy day, all the farmers had to stay inside. B. Given more time, we would have finished the project better. C. She suggested that she hadn't decided whether to go or not. D. I am a man of belief, but sometimes I think rationally.