单选题How does literary style evolve? Surprisingly, 41 lie in words with seemingly little meaning, such as "to" and "that". By analysing 42 writers use such "content-free" words, Daniel Rockmore and colleagues at Dartmouth College in Hanover were able to conduct the first, large-scale style analysis of literature. Content-free words are 43 of writing style, Rockmore says. While two authors might use the 44 content words to describe a similar event, they will use content-free words to 45 their content words in a different way. Using the Project Gutenberg digital library, Rockmore"s team analysed 7733 English language works written since 1550, 46 how often and in what 47 content-free words appeared. As you might expect, they found that writers were 48 influenced by their predecessors. They also found that as the number of literature works grew, the influence of older works 49 . Authors in the 50 periods wrote in a very similar way to one another, the researchers found, probably because they all read the same 51 body of literature. But approaching the modern era, 52 more people were writing and more works were 53 from many eras and numerous styles, authors" styles were still very similar to those of their 54 contemporaries. "It"s as if they find dialects in time," says Alex Bentley. "Content is what makes us 55 , but content-free words put us in different 56 ." 57 writers should be most influenced by their contemporaries 58 the great works of the past is interesting, Rockmore says, because it challenges the 59 of "classic" literature. When it comes to style 60 , perhaps we aren"t so strongly influenced by the classics after all.

单选题What does "R. S. V. P" stand for?

单选题To be or not to be, ______ is the question.

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单选题My mother sheltered me ______ blame.A. fromB. againstC. forD. with

单选题He tried many ways of earning, and he became a farm laborer ______ .

单选题Psychologists originally used the term short-term memory to refer to the ability to hold information in mind over a brief period of time. As conceptions of short-terra memory expanded to include more than just the brief storage of information, psychologists created new terminology. The term working memory is now commonly used to refer to a broader system that both stores information briefly and allows manipulation and use of the stored information. Psychologists often study working memory storage by examining how well people remember a list of items. In a typical experiment, people are presented with a series of words, one every few seconds. Then they are instructed to recall as many of the words as they can, in any order. Most people remember the words at the beginning and end of the series better than those in the middle. This phenomenon is called the serial position effect because the chance of recalling an item is related to its position in the series. In this experiment, recall was tested either immediately after presentation of the list items or after 30 seconds. Subjects in both conditions demonstrated what is known as the primacy effect, which is better recall of the first few list items. Psychologists believe this effect occurs because people tend to process the first few items more than later items. Subjects in the immediate-recall condition also showed the recency effect, or better recall of the last items on the list. Working memory has a basic limitation: It can hold only a limited amount of information at one time. Early research on short-term storage of information focused on memory span--bow many items people can correctly recall in order. More recent studies have attempted to separate true storage capacity from processing capacity by using tests more complex than memory span. These studies have estimated a somewhat lower short-term storage capacity than did the earlier experiments. People can overcome such storage limitations by grouping information into chunks, or meaningful units. Working memory is critical for mental work, or thinking. The ability to carry out these kinds of calculations depends on working memory capacity, which varies individually. Studies have also shown that working memory changes with age. As children grow older, their working memory capacity increases. Working memory declines in old age and in some types of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Working memory capacity is correlated with intelligence (as measured by intelligence tests). This correlation has led some psychologists to argue that working memory abilities are essentially those that underlie general intelligence. In addition, research suggests that there are different types of working memory. For example, the ability to hold visual images in mind seems independent from the ability to retain verbal information.

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单选题 Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in ______populated areas.A. denselyB. intenselyC. abundantlyD. highly

单选题 Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.

单选题Restaurants can buy fish in bulk at a fish market. The underlined part means ______.

单选题How much has Shell invested in China so far?

单选题Which is the opposition government's capital?

单选题Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.

单选题The digestive enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into components______ readily absorbed by the human body. A. that can be B. and are C. which they D. are to be

单选题More and more advanced farm machines ______, the agricultural production increased tremendously.