填空题{{I}}In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.{{/I}}{{B}}Using a Library{{/B}} Making good use of the college library might be a maximal help to students' study. To get access to the library, the student should know how to use his library more easily and more efficiently.{{B}} Ⅰ. Borrowing Books{{/B}} 1. To make sure that the book is{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}}______ 2. To find out where the book is-consult the catalogues cards arranged in alphabetical order: 1) in the center--the author's name ({{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}comes first) {{U}} 2 {{/U}}______ 2) the top left hand corner-the book's number the class number ({{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}areas) {{U}} 3 {{/U}}______ the author number (exact book shelf) 3) the lower middle part the title of the book, the edition 4) the bottom--the collation details ({{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and maps) {{U}} 4 {{/U}}______ 3. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}the borrowing slip. {{U}} 5 {{/U}}______{{B}} Ⅱ. Consulting Reference Materials{{/B}} Three types of materials: 1. reference books e. g. dictionaries bibliographies--listing all the{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}on a particular subject {{U}} 6 {{/U}}______ encyclopedias--an/a{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of a topic (clear, brief, authoritative {{U}} 7 {{/U}}______ 2. valuable books e. g. old edition, a single copy, out of print books 3. professional{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}or periodicals {{U}} 8 {{/U}}______{{B}} Ⅲ. General Study{{/B}} Three reasons: 1.{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}working environment(spacious, well-lit, heated, free of charge) {{U}} 9 {{/U}}______ 2. access to reference books and possibility of discussing with other students 3. a chance to make{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}with others {{U}} 10 {{/U}}______

填空题A. manufacture B. saw C. travels D. relieving E. extraction F. condensed G. journeys H. handled I. purified J. subjected to K. treated L. as M. when N. refreshing O. assigned The ancient Aztecs venerated the cacao tree and used its beans as a form of currency. They 21 the tree as a source of strength and wealth and 22 their god Quetzalcoatl its guardian. The Aztecs discovered that by crushing the beans into a paste and adding spices, they could make a 23 and nourishing drink. This drink would have been very bitter, unlike our chocolate drinks today. 16th century European explorers brought the drink back from their 24 , added sweeter flavorings, and soon it was popular as an expensive luxury. In the 1800s, solid chocolate became popular, with the invention of molding processes. Mechanical grinders crushed cocoa beans to a fine powder that could be heated and poured into molds, forming shapes 25 it cooled. Dutchman Coenrad Van Houten perfected the 26 of cocoa butter from cocoa beans in 1825. The beans are crushed to a paste, which is 27 very high pressure, forming chocolate liquor and cocoa butter. The extracted butter is smoothed and 28 to remove any odors. In the 1880s, Rudolphe Lindt of Switzerland started adding extra cocoa butter during chocolate manufacture, to make it smoother and glossier. Cocoa butter melts at around 97℉, which is human body temperature. That"s why chocolate melts in the mouth. In 1875, Swiss Daniel Peter perfected the 29 of milk chocolate, which is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate. Nestlé"s recently-invented 10() milk was easy to mix with cocoa paste, unlike liquid milk. Cadbury"s "Dairy Milk", first developed in 1905, is the UK"s most popular chocolate bar. Milk chocolate is now the world"s best-selling variety.

填空题A．healing B．restless C．reckless D．repetition E．moaned F．reward G．dissipate H．influential I．handicap J．constant K．hasty L．appealing M．course N．groaning O．infinite The intimacy between man and nature begins with the birth of man on the earth, and becomes each century more intelligent and far-reaching. To nature, therefore, we turn as to the oldest and most 31 teacher of our race: from one point of view, once our taskmaster, now our servant; from another point of view, our 32 friend, instructor and inspirer. The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would have for all minds if it were the 33 of the few instead of being the privilege of the many. To the few it is, in every age, full of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of 34 . The heavens shine for all, but they have a changing splendor to those only who see in every midnight sky a majesty of creative energy and resource which no 35 of the spectacle can dim. If the stars shone but once in a thousand years, men would gaze, awe-struck and worshipful, on a vision which is not less but more wonderful because it shines nightly above the whole earth. In like manner, and for the same reason, we become indifferent to that delicately beautiful or sublimely impressive sky scenery which the clouds form and reform, compose and 36 , a thousand times on a summer day. The mystery, the terror, and the music of the sea; the secret and subduing charm of the woods, so full of 37 for the spent mind or the 38 spirit; the majesty of the hills, holding in their recesses the secrets of light and atmosphere; the 39 variety of landscape, never imitative or repetitious, but always 40 to the imagination with some fresh and unsuspected loveliness—who feels the full power of these marvelous resources for the enrichment of life, or takes from them all the health, delight, and enrichment they have to bestow?

填空题A. disregarding B. considering C. for which D. which E. choices F. ideal G. Moreover H. perfect I. therefore J. competent K. drift L. flexible M. float N. requirements O. risks Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one 1 job" does not exist. Young people should 2 enter a broad 3 training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without the benefit of help from a 4 vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some 5 from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and 6 they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 7 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 8 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as life"s work. 9 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 10 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its

填空题Decide if each item below is a simple sentence or just a phrase. Sample: walking nearby {{U}}phrase{{/U}}

填空题A．breeds B．grounding C．racial D．When E．owe F．isolation G．immediately H．affects I．effective J．owing K．efficient L．character M．As N．corporation O．emerging In only two decades Asian, American has become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. 11 their children began moving up through the nation"s schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was 12 . Their achievements are reflected in the nation"s best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian 13 . (This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid 14 in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.) They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more 15 in something like engineering than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students 16 their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. A(n) 17 . measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that 18 success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they feed a typical 19 image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social 20 . Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.

填空题A. obligation B. occurs C. significant D. prior E. available F. approach G. preferences H. implies I. contribution J. distribution K. primarily L. convert M. automatically N. qualify O. overall To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated 31 on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on" persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then 32 them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, 33 that emphasis is placed on the wants of consumers. It begins with analyzing the 34 and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer 35 is known as the marketing concept. It simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easier to produce, the makers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it 36 for purchase. Every step—design, production, 37 , promotion—is made according to consumer demand. This concept does not mean that consumer satisfaction is 38 over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity—the firm and the consumer—and each must be satisfied before trade 39 Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers. When Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink in mid-1985, the non-acceptance by a 40 portion of the public brought about a quick restoration of the Classic Coke. This is a good example of the importance of satisfying consumers.

填空题Animals are living creatures and most of us often forget about it. Although they can"t speak our language, they can understand us and they often 31 from human cruelty. Just because people are stronger doesn"t mean they have the right to 32 animals. These little (or big) animals can"t help themselves at times so they need you to help them. You don"t have to spend money, though. Here are a few ways you can contribute to animal welfare without spending a(n) 33 . Please 34 at your local animal shelter. If you can"t donate to animal shelters, you can visit a local animal shelter and offer your help. You don"t have to have any special skills to help animals. You can do the 35 things such as feeding animals, taking dogs for a walk, cleaning up cages, or participating in fundraising. Report any form of animal abuse. If you know someone who hits their pets to death or doesn"t feed them for weeks, you are supposed to report abuse. No one has the fight to abuse little 36 and leave them in hungry, pain, and sick. Don"t keep silent. Let others know how that person 37 animals. This way, you may save the lives of those poor animals. My neighbor doesn"t feed his dog and cat well, so I try to feed his pets 38 to save them from death. Break a habit of buying things that contain animal products. Many beauty products, especially face creams, lotions and lipsticks, contain animal parts, so you"d better not buy them. When buying clothes, you should look for 39 brands, like avoiding anything that includes leather, silk, and wool. If you see a(n) 40 dog, don"t be afraid of him. Give him something to eat and he will be thankful to you for it. When you have some bread crumbs at home, don"t throw them away. Give them to birds instead. A. simplest B. volunteer C. well-known D. abuse E. surprisingly F. dime G. fur-free H. dollar I. treats J. serve K. secretly L. creatures M. suffer N. stray O. complicated

填空题A．misunderstood B．satisfy C．design D．opinion E．advance F．brain G．endowed H．perfection I．presumed J．illusion K．reason L．mistaken M．perfect N．memory O．apply Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to 31 in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is 32 in this. It shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or 33 , is by nature equal in all men; and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better 34 with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things. For it is not enough to have a good mind; what is most important is to 35 it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can 36 much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray. For my part, I have never 37 my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my 38 as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the 39 of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common 40 of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.

填空题{{I}}The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of One error. In each case, only One word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line, For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "A "sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash.{{/I}}Humanity uses a little leas than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine in some areas, but industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. {{U}} 1 {{/U}}______ Since the world's population is expecting to double in the next 50 years, {{U}} 2 {{/U}}______ many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we started valuing water more than we {{U}} 3 {{/U}}______ have in the past. Just like we began to appreciate petroleum more after {{U}} 4 {{/U}}______ the 1970s oil crisis, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economical perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a {{U}} 5 {{/U}}______ virtual free resource of which we can use as much as we like. {{U}} 6 {{/U}}______ Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect their actual value. This means {{U}} 7 {{/U}}______ charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the demand costs. (61) Governments should also protect this resource by providing water with more economically and environmentally sound ways. {{U}} 8 {{/U}}______ Often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scaled projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions {{U}} 9 {{/U}}______ and pumping it to nearby cropland.

填空题A. another B. weak C. illness D. problems E. self-respect F. strong G. tendency H. solutions I. interpersonal J. happiness K. in spite L. despite M. worries N. the other O. ties Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our 1 to give and receive support from one 2 under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their 3 ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes. People with 4 social ties live longer and have better health than those without such 5 . Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off 6 , and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our 7 is strengthened when we feel accepted by others 8 our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find 9 to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distractingus from our 10 and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

填空题 transfer transportation transition transmission transport transmit replace substitute shift recover replaceable function association link connection stagnant slack artificial automatic automatically show up show around show off show out

填空题In the following sentences, underline the correct form of the verb as shown in these examples. Examples: I wish that he (was, {{U}}were{{/U}}) not here. I demand that she ({{U}}leave{{/U}}, leaves). If I (was, {{U}}were{{/U}}) King, I would be the happiest man on earth.

填空题In the following sentences indicate the mood of each of the italicized verbs as shown in these examples Examples: Are they really at home every evening? {{U}}indicative{{/U}} Send them to bed at once! {{U}}imperative{{/U}} I wish I were sixteen years old again. {{U}}subjunctive{{/U}}

填空题A．perception B．forward C．wealthy D．strengthen E．bargaining F．cooperators G．counterparts H．particular I．efficient J．negotiators K．solidify L．forth M．exchanging N．that O．indirect The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign 21 . Negotiating is the process of communicating back and 22 for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the 23 must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as 24 and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without 25 further. The American negotiator"s role becomes 26 of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical 27 , while undermining the negotiator"s position. Two traits in 28 that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to _ the relationship, they may opt for 29 . interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.

填空题Decide which word is correct.

填空题How Much Sleep Do We Need 1. The result of lack of sleep ■ Irritable, groggy and exceptionally 1 2. Experiment: ■ Sleeping time: 8 hours Exhibited fewer attention lapses ■ Sleeping time: 6 hours Reacted 2 to a drunk person ■ Sleeping time: 4 hours Suffered 3 falling asleep 3. How to recover? ■ Short-term sleep deprivation Several nights of 4 sleep ■ Weeks-to-months sleep deprivation Require 5 time to recovery ■ Months-to-years sleep deprivation Recovering time is 6 4. How much sleep do we need? ■ Ideal time 7 hours in average ■ Sleep less than 7 hours Heart disease, 8 and diabetes 9 higher risk of death ■ Sleep more than 8 hours Heart disease, obesity and diabetes 30% increase risk of mortality ■ 10 play a role in variation of the sleeping time needed

填空题In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. What Is Grit? My questions ●Why isn"t I. Q. the only difference between students? ●What is the key to 1 ? My Research ●investigation of all kinds of 2 , including: —West Point Military Academy — 3 —private companies My finding: grit as predictor of success ●Grit is 4 for very long-term goals. ●Grit is working hard for years to make 5 . ●Grit is living your life like a 6 . My survey ●high school juniors took grit questionnaires ● 7 kids were more likely to graduate Grit-building ●little is known about how to build grit in students ●data show grit is unrelated to 8 ●growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is 9 ●kids with grit believe failure is 10 Conclusion We need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.

填空题efficient temporary contemporary merciful efficiently mercifully consequence aftermath infection effect literate appropriate grateful immediate appropriately gratefully irresistible inevitable unaccountable unpredictable inevitable cut down cut off cut out cut short

填空题A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to 1 into some types. The two 2 most popular with the children I interviewed were "Platforms" and "Beat-them-ups." Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused 3 over their violent content. These games involve fights between 4 characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children"s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away. 5 Controversy has occurred in 6 because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill 7 into children"s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after 8 exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense 9 and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive "yells" at the screen. It is not only the "Beat-them-up" games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their "lives" and "die" just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon 10 concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words "Game Over" appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. A. get B. genres C. part D. out E. concern F. common G. over H. animated I. frustration J. extended K. unscathed L. intense M. prolonged N. anxiety O. fall