填空题When some nineteenth century New Yorkers said "Harlem", they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan—wanting, perhaps, to 21 a closer and more 22 sense of community—designated a section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The 23 area was the Harlem to which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side. As the community became predominantly Black, the 24 word "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At times it was easy to forget that "Harlem" was 25 the people from Holland, and 26 for most of its three centuries—it was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been occupied by White New Yorkers. "Harlem" became synonymous 27 Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it on their own—not only to 28 their area of residence but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" assumes an even larger meaning. In the words of Adam Clayton Powell, the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere" . By 1919 Harlem"s population had grown by several thousands. Some of the new 29 merely lived in Harlem; it was New York that they had come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who 30 to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. A. chosen B. shape C. very D. precise E. migrated E make G. originally H. of I. that J. designate K. define L. arrivals M. what N. with O. move

填空题A. additional B. affect C. aptly D. assimilate E. circulation F. closely G. consistent H. enthusiasm I. identify J. impact K. penalty L. reward M. simplifying N. suspending O. vulnerable Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their 1 and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will 2 them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future. Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 3 the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse 4 on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any 5 actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint (指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees 6 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected. If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 7 with the firm"s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 8 them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor"s action toward a poorly performing worker can 9 the attitudes of other employees. If no 10 is imposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.

填空题In the following sentences, identify the verbs and their subjects as shown in these examples. Examples: We dug for many hours and found nothing. Verb {{U}}dug, found{{/U}} Subject {{U}}We{{/U}} Efforts in his behalf have proven useless. Verb {{U}}have proven{{/U}} Subject {{U}}efforts{{/U}} Both gladiators remained on their feet for an hour. Verb {{U}}remained{{/U}} Subject {{U}}gladiators{{/U}} The paint was scraped from the building. Verb {{U}}was scraped{{/U}} Subject {{U}}paint{{/U}}

填空题The "standard of living" of any country means the average person"s 31 of the goods and services the country produces. A country"s standard of living, therefore, depends on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this 32 is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as 33 and entertainment. A country"s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country"s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well 34 with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a 35 climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to 36 them to use. China is perhaps as well-off as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from 37 and external wars, and for this and other reasons, was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and being free from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well 38 .by nature but less well ordered. A country"s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its 39 , but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain"s wealth in food stuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her 40 manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country"s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. A．wealth B．sense C．supplied D．share E．surplus F．transport G．1imits H．equipped I．favorable J．turn K．put L．civil M．favored N．borders O．internal

填空题 acknowledge afford allow for account for relief acknowledgement affordable release renew relieve rehearse renewed altered convert transform transformation modify in spite of regardless alter on account of as to

填空题In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work. Making and Writing Words Ⅰ. A brief introduction A. Making words is conceptually an engaging and effective instructional task. B. Making and writing words is a 1 of making words. C. The major difference between the two activities —Students 2 letter cards in making words. —Students write words on a sheet of paper in making and writing words. Ⅱ. The 3 of playing out the activity A. The 4 of vowels and consonants to be used in the lesson. B. Students each write these letters at the top of their making and writing words sheets. C. Students will write words made from the 5 Step 1: Write the specified letters in the appropriate boxes. Step 2: The teacher works with the class through the 6 words she had planned. Step 3: Students are told that it uses all the letters listed, and they are 7 to write the word in the final box. Step 4: The teacher guides the students to 8 what they have learned. Step 5: 9 the words they have just written. Step 6: 10 the categories.

填空题Considering how jazz is transcribed in Chinese (jueshi), you may be 21 into assuming that it is an aristocratic cultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It 22 among black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very 3 of the American social heap. So how has something that was created by a once downtrodden and 23 minority acquired a central place in today"s American culture? Mr. Darrell A Jenks, director of the American Center for Educational Exchange, and also a drummer in the jazz band Window, analyses the phenomenon for us here. Jazz: the 24 of America. Perhaps the essence of America is that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that might be. After thinking about it for a while, we might, chuckle and say, "Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought." Certainly things like 25 , success (the "American Dream" ), innovation and tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to work with one another and find common purpose no matter how we might be 26 Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz 27 the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual brilliance that can"t take place without the group efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental 28 . It is an expression of the African 29 of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans whose culture came to dominate much of what is American. A. diverse B. distinctive C. bottom D. trapped E. soul F. way G. misled H. captures I. despised J. originated K. culture L. individualism M. roots N. top O. acquires

填空题 available beneficial decline deliberate featured maximum minimum potential rare rarity rejection reject scarcity scarce suitability

填空题HarvestPlus Project and Its health Impact 1. HarvestPlus Project aims to help people ■ grow their own food to fight 1 ■ grow "smart" corps 2. Project in Mozambique ■ provided 2 potatoes plants in villages ■ taught villagers how to grow ■ explained the importance of 3 3. Vitamin A deficiency ■ adds risk of getting a serious disease ■ causes people to die from 4 ■ suffered by 190 million children 5 and 6 children in Mozambique 4. A three-year study showed ■ potatoes had a great impact on children"s health ■ agricultural production 7 can have big health impacts 5. Vitamin supplements are ■ fluids or pills in addition to 8 meals ■ a Band-Aid—a short-term fix to a 9 problem 6. Linking agriculture and health issues ■ a natural and effective 10 ■ one of the best ways to improve health

填空题A. process B. from C. chemical D. symbolic E. against F. with G. reaction H. practical I. foreign J. factors K. experiment L. organizing M. gold N. secrecy O. dangerous Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. But 1 knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical 2 , so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a common sense, was actually dependent on previous 3 . It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, influenced by several 4 . The most serious problem was the vast range of materials and the difficulty of 5 them into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties. Chemistry is nothing if it is not 6 ; yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from them. The final problem for early chemical science was the element of 7 . Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others 8 stealing it. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the previous nature of the knowledge of chemistry. Some people were trying to transform base metals into 9 or were concerned with the hunt for something that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. The records of the chemical processes were often written down in 10 language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.

填空题A．stride B．valuable C．considers D．printed E．individual F．visual G．thereby H．estimates I．modes J．keyboard K．breakthrough L．sense M．models N．occasion O．thereof Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are 1 shut off from the world of books and newspapers, having to rely on friends to read aloud to them. A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer, which is a major 2 in providing aid to the sightless. His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that scans any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like voice through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons on Cyclops"s 3 , a blind person can "read" any 4 document in the English language. This remarkable invention represents a tremendous 5 forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $50,000. However, Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller but improved version that will sell for less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil 6 the price range will be low enough for every school and library to own one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that families will be able to buy home 7 of Cyclops for the price of a good television set. Mr. Hingson"s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people assisting in those tests, making lots of 8 suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops. "This is the first time that blind people have ever done 9 studies before a product was put on the market," Hingson said. "Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that 10 , the manufacturers have been the blind ones."

填空题A．frequently B．adolescence C．separate D．complexion E．unformed F．set G．genealogy H．appearance I．commonly J．single K．alike L．populated M．produced N．startling O．genetics Perhaps the most 31 theory to come out of kinetics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical 32 is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks—we are not born with them. A baby has generally 33 facial features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around—family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some regions of the United States look so much 34 . New Englanders or Southerners have certain similar facial characteristics that cannot be explained by 35 . The exact shape of the mouth is not 36 at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after permanent teeth are set. For many, this can be well into 37 . A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a(an) 38 country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where people smile most 39 . In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York state still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. People in densely 40 urban areas also tend to smile and greet each other in public less than people in rural areas and small towns do.

填空题It was the worst tragedy in 21 history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people—mostly women, children and old people 22 the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany--were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families 23 into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some, who succeeded, fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to 24 their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. "I"ll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave and into seeming 25 , rarely mentioned for more than half a century. Now Germany"s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has 26 the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children—with his latest novel "Crab Walk", published last month. The book, which will come 27 in English next year, doesn"t 28 on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The reason was 29 . As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so 30 , we didn"t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings." A. dominant B. maritime C. obvious D. nothingness E. marine F. out G. sliding H. claw I. emptiness J. by K. revived L. dwell M. relived N. slipping O. fleeing

填空题A. always B. barely C. demise D. emergence E. gained F. implications G. leaf H. lost I. naturally J. object K. one L. online M. rising N. single O. value Millions of people now rent their movies the Netflix way. They fill out a wish list from the 50,000 titles on the company"s Website and receive the first few DVD"s in the mail; when they mail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy 1 . What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster, which has, in fact, started a similar service? What will it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about "long tail" businesses—ones that combine many niche markets, like those for Dutch movies or classic musicals, into a 2 large audience? But one other major implication has 3 been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for that stalwart of the old economy, the United States Postal Service. Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from 4 pharmacies, eBay vendors, Amazon.com and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet. The 5 demise of "snail mail" in the age of instant electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps 6 rising. It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970"s. The harmful side of the Internet"s impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People 7 write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages. To 8 through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been 9 in this shift: the pretty stamps, the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible 10 that was once in the sender"s hands.

填空题Yu Xiuhua was elected as the vice president of the Writers" Association of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, on Thursday. Yu, 39, attained 1 overnight. She broke through social media WeChat recently after a poetry magazine tweeted her poem. Her father Yu Wenhai 2 , "I always imagined that she was trying to prove something." To enable her to attend school she was carried by her parents or supported by her younger brother. It was during her school days that she found 3 in writing poems. In a piece she wrote in middle school, which won her a school award, she 4 herself to an obscure star in the sky. Reflecting on it many years later, she said: "I don"t envy those who live "better" lives than me. I won"t resign to 5 . " She left senior high school one year before graduation and later got married to a man whom she "didn"t choose out of love" . They soon separated and the only legacy of the 6 union was a son, who is now in university. Every day, after tending to farm animals, she sets pen to paper and escapes into her 7 world. So far, Yu has penned more than 2,000 poems. She describes poetry as her crutch, which she turned to "when faltering in the reeling world" Some people have begun to 8 refer to her as the Chinese Emily Dickinson. "She is a sensitive woman and the poems flow out of her heart 9 , said writer Zhu Min. Of course, there are those 10 by her poems, such as poetry critic Han Mo. "She is only famous because of media hype," he said. Yu said she doesn"t want her illness to attract attention either. "If I was not disabled, I could visit more places and write better poems," she said. A．naturally B．internal C．wealth D．adversity E．reminded E．fame G．touched H．unmoved I．affectionately J．ideal K．compared L．afterwards M．solace N．unhappy O．recalled

填空题{{I}}The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of One error. In each case, only One word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line, For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "A "sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash.{{/I}} The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places in spite of their products' manifest advantages. However, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than which for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers' seemingly reasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people were dislike of the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except from one item. There were six items common to both lists with the brands or amounts specify. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read Maxwell House coffee on one list and Nestle Instant Coffee on other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to deseribe, as far they could, the kind of women (personality and character) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee was described a house-wife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy.

填空题A．originated from B．elites C．scoring D．incompatible E．suggests F．reaching G．hypotheses H．Although I．previously J．paradoxical K．objects L．consequence M．Even N．unrelated O．presently The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those 1 that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 2 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 3 he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 4 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a particular people 5 central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 6 12～15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their 7 , including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought 8 . The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a(n) 9 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 10 state of affairs.

填空题A．instincts B．supplied C．tedious D．implements E．contemplate F．taken for granted G．violence H．regard I．energy J．progress K．outrageous L．imposes M．improvement N．acute O．strict In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be 11 as a means of solving differences that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man 12 his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of 13 —as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual 14 at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our 15 remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that 16 documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more 17 . The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light when we dismally 18 the smoking ruins and wonder what hits us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently 19 things as law enforcement. If half the 20 that goes into violent acts were put into good use, if our efforts were focused on cleaning up the slums and ghettos, on improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not go a long way to arriving at a solution.

填空题What Causes Jet Lag and How to Avoid It 1. Facts ■ a long flight affects 1 ■ the natural order of things becomes unbalanced ■ the internal body clock is affected by 2 like sunlight and 3 2. Process of getting jet lag ■ when a light is shown directly, cells change their 4 ■ 5 becomes desynchronized within itself ■ communication of neurons weakens 3. Tips to avoid jet lag ■ change meal and sleep time ■ make 6 while in flight sleep in nighttime and 7 in daytime ■ 8 ■ drink water but avoid 9 ■ move around but avoid 10 near bedtime

填空题A. decrease B. adapt C. benefits D. enlarge E. hence F. universal G. adversely H. shift I. unique J. so K. suburban L. coastal M. resulting in N. endangered O. favorably Sea rise as a result of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world"s great seaport cities would be 31 . Some countries would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas where large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme dislocation. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 32 coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. Reduced water quality may result as 33 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural forest could be flooded with ocean water destroying forever many of the 34 plant and animal species living there. Food supplies and forests would be 35 affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 36 grain-growing regions polewards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects attacking the crops. Human health would also be affected. Warming could 37 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever and other diseases. The harmful effects of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer conditions. There will be some 38 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will create new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of today"s colder regions more habitable. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 39 . Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now anticipated will be destructive to natural systems and living things and 40 to man as well.