填空题A group of friends are going on a coach trip together. They"re meeting at the coach stop. Complete the conversation. Put in a personal pronoun (I, me, you, etc.) or a reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself, etc.). Polly: Where"s Martin? Rupert: He"s ill. I spoke to (him) yesterday. He was feeling a hit sorry for 1 . Polly: Oh, poor Martin. And what about the twins? Peter: 2 came with Janet and me. 3 gave 4 a lift. Janet: Yes, the twins came with 5 in the car. Tessa: hope they"re going to behave 6 . Janet: Oh, I"m sure they will. Rupert: 7 will be nice to have a day out. 8 say it"s going to stay sunny. Polly: I"m sure we"ll all enjoy 9 . Peter: Where"s Anna? Tessa: Oh, she"s here somewhere. I spoke to 10 a moment ago. She was standing right next to 11 .

填空题A．casual B．retirement C．to take D．paid E．subjective F．formal G．overseas H．objectives I．standardized J．ever K．qualified L．never M．commercial N．taking O．cause There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizations to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 1 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service for 2 technicians in developing countries. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in considering voluntary or 3 community service there are more opportunities than there 4 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in 5 organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more 6 and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 7 , both personal and organizational. One should not join them expecting to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 8 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they enjoy the work. Many community activities possible in 9 were also possible during one"s working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 10 community service.

填空题A．architecture B．dweller C．resident D．further E．inland F．islands G．initial H．undeveloped I．nearby J．resided with K．unwanted L．architectural M．paying N．primitive O．voluntary Since 1895 the National Trust has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Today the Trust which is not a government department but a charity depending on the 21 support of the public and its own members—is the largest landowner and conservation society in Britain. Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and watched by the National Trust. Over 350 miles of 22 land, Jakes and forests in one area of natural beauty 23 ; prehistoric and Roman ruins; moorlands and farmland, woods and 24 ; lengths of inland waterways; even seventeen whole villages—all are open to the public at all times subject only to the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife. But the Trust"s protection develops 25 than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and some two hundred historic buildings which it opens to 26 visitors. Castles and churches, houses of 27 or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks have been given to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their 28 contents of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over generations, and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a 29 of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are signs that the house is still loved and 30 and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.

填空题A．originated from B．elites C．scoring D．incompatible E．suggests F．reaching G．hypotheses H．Although I．previously J．paradoxical K．objects L．consequence M．Even N．unrelated O．presently The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those 1 that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 2 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 3 he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 4 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a particular people 5 central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 6 12～15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their 7 , including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought 8 . The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a(n) 9 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 10 state of affairs.

填空题A. skill B. popular C. get D. change E. similarly F. professional G. character H. individuality I. inspire J. differently K. expect L. practical M. recall N. lose O. ordinary Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so 1 in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more 2 than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to 3 superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to 4 more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the 5 of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to 6 professional identity than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many 7 benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of 8 experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without 9 , until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act 10 , on the job at least.

填空题 stress pressure crisis nervousness intensify departure intense fall apart fall out fall into fall for apply application disclose bid proposal gravity extent amount intensity detect deprive

填空题A．alert B．while C．stimulating D．psychological E．moderation F．consumed G．conducted H．clarity I．meditation J．perspective K．shrewd L．eliminating M．functional N．prospects O．contains Coffee can be considered one of nature"s greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional 1 without harmful side effects, and it 2 a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is improving their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, since they believe coffee isn"t good for you at all. Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is 3 . Moderate consumption of coffee provides your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible for 4 free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as a buffer against negative elements, if they aren"t kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesn"t happen. The 5 effects of caffeine cannot be ignored either. Not only does caffeine make you more 6 , but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling depressed or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your 7 . The stack of work that seemed impossible before isn"t even a problem now. In addition, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body"s functioning. That"s why coffee is often associated with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs tend to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They won"t be 8 at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost 9 still helping their bodies. In conclusion, don"t feel bad when you"re brewing your morning cup of coffee. Unlike a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in 10 .

填空题aware beware bewilder rank awareness abound abundant bound boundary block blockade enclose prohibit prohibition block out boast boastful boom flourish breach get over get away get off get across

填空题A．constructions B．obstructions C．bother D．scattered E．through F．splashed by G．pattern H．intend I．narrowly J．fierce K．fragmentary L．manner M．splashed out N．resigned to O．closely In the morning it started to rain. It was the first rain of the new year and it marked, in an extremely violent 1 , the beginning of the rainy season. The drops which fell were large, and they fell straight down, for 2 tropical rains never degenerate into slanting drizzle, the familiar 3 of a rainy day in so many other parts of the world. The rain fell heavily, it fell continuously and it saturated everything which lay in its way. During the rain most people kept to their homes. But a few walked about, 4 the wetness of their clothes and determined to carry on as usual. And, for those who wished to keep dry however much it cost them, there were always the taxis. They 5 along the road, with the windscreen wipers revealing only 6 glimpses of the drivers" peering faces. Initially, when the rain had started, the drivers had had only the big puddles to miss, but later on, then the drains had overflowed and the whole road swam with water, all dangerous pits and 7 had been hidden, and the faces peering 8 the windscreens peered even more anxiously than before. But often the faces inside the taxi ceased to 9 to look out at all, for water had splashed up to the electrical system, and the engine stopped just as surly and abruptly as it would have done. The car had actually skidded into the drains after it had so 10 missed only a few moments.

填空题In the following sentences, underline each verb, and indicate its number, as shown in these examples. Examples: The cat {{U}}raised{{/U}} its back high. {{U}}singular{{/U}} The house {{U}}is{{/U}} up for sale. {{U}}singular{{/U}} Our neighbors have {{U}}left{{/U}} for the beach. {{U}}plural{{/U}}

填空题Read the story and write down the missing words. Use one word only in each space. A. During periods of terrorist activity by the IRA, people in Britain are always being warned to look out for bombs. Any bag or parcel without an owner 11 seen as a risk to the public. Some time ago a cardboard box was found at the entrance to Bristol Zoo one day. It was noticed 12 a visitor and reported to the director. Clearly, if it was a bomb and it went off, people might 13 killed. So army bomb experts 14 called in, and the box was safely blown up in a controlled explosion. Soon afterwards 15 was reported that the box had 16 left there by a boy wanting to find a new home for his pet rat. He was tired of the rat, he explained, but he was unwilling to 17 it put to sleep by a vet, so he left it in a box outside the zoo. The director of the zoo is thought 18 be unenthusiastic about looking after people"s unwanted pets. No one knows what the rat thought about 19 blown up.

填空题Write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. Before you travel to the US, you (must) find out what documents you need. British people do not {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}to get a visa, but there are different rules for different nationalities. For example, you {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}need to show that you have enough money with you. But there's one rule you can be sure about: everyone {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}to show their passport. The roads in New York are very busy, but don't worry—you {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}get around cheaply and easily by subway. Remember that you are not {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}to smoke on public transport or in shops. And don't forget either that you are {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to tip taxi drivers and waiters. New York is not the most dangerous city in the US, but you really {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}walk along empty streets at night. And it is safer if you are {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}to travel around in a group.

填空题If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore 1 , who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and 2 announced the support of all thirteen colonies. Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he 3 to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar 4 seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore"s first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went 5 trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor"s prison, Mary Katherine Goddard"s name 6 on the newspaper"s masthead for the first time. When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first 7 version of the Declaration of Independence in January, 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the 8 During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore"s only newspaper, which one historian 9 was "second to none among the colonies". She was also the city"s postmaster from 1775 to 1789— appointed by Benjamin Franklin—and is considered to be the first woman to hold a(n) 10 position. A．colonies B．declared C．broke D．claimed E．insisted F．problems G．restricted H．official I．otherwise J．proceeded K．printer L．federal M．editor N．appeared O．therefore

填空题In 2014, many shoppers opted to avoid the 21 crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year. What went wrong? Is the 22 shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or do people shop more 23 —and therefore make bad decisions—when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit or the weight of an earring. And 24 interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase. When my book brandwashed was released, I conducted an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a 25 hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers 26 with the purchase. The second option also 27 going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then subtly 28 onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer"s hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 29 up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of 30 when we hold things in our hand. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more. A．proceeded B．randomly C．ownership D．impulsively E．ended E．fulfillment G．fairly H．frenetic I．preceded J．holding K．physically L．1ingering M．excited N．involved O．handing

填空题In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work. A Sociocultural Approach to Reading, Language and Literacy Ⅰ. The meaning of taking a sociocultural approach A. It rejects the 1 between psychology and anthropology. B. It 2 academic disciplines. C. We must understand the role of 3 of culture. Ⅱ. The 4 of taking a sociocultural approach A. recognizing the 5 of home and community literacy practices and learning styles, and how these are taken from home to school B. realizing 6 and biliteracy as giving cognitive, social and cultural advantages C. tracing the syncretism taking place as children 7 new and old practices D. understanding the role of "important others" E. enabling 8 to express their understanding of the learning process Ⅲ. Three principles A. 9 the funds of knowledge in peoples" lives B. looking at the 10 creation between teacher and pupil C. giving pupils and their families a voice in their own education

填空题According to Ian Pearson, a futurologist, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. Pearson has 1 together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key 2 and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an 3 life expectancy and dozens of artificial 4 coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also has 5 a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to 6 full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine 7 : "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century." Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no 8 for when faster-than-light travel will be 9 , or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2018, while the arrival of synthetic life like robots will mean people may not be able to 10 between their human friends and the droids. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. A．made B．breakthroughs C．integration D．expanded E．pieced F．predicted G．extended H．develop I．findings J．forecasts K．available L．organs M．distinguish N．affordable O．differ

填空题A. savage B. superiority C. conceive D. transfer E. identification F. grammatical G. reflect H. reveals I. Numerous J. independently K. exclusive L. casts M. sense N. confidentially O. possess Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this 21 , every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic 22 of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy (等级制度) among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as 23 and undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 24 of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or 25 structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which 26 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to 27 the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly 28 and complicated. This study of language, in turn, 29 a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed 30 , and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

填空题Preparing Fish for Drying and Smoking 1. Dried fish ■ cut off the head if the fish is long ■ 1 inside, rub salt and wash in clean water ■ put in a container with 2 ■ cover the container with 3 ■ place the fish on 4 with white cloth and let them dry ■ avoid 5 to let fish taste better ■ put the dried fish in a 6 place off the ground 2. Smoked fish ■ be done in a large and round metal container ■ cover the top and build a small fire ■ use wood to give smoked fish good 7 ■ use green wood instead of 8 ■ smoke the fish for 9 or longer ■ after cooling, 10 the fish in clean paper

填空题A．disturbing B．escape C．punishment D．contemplate E．unfound F．staff G．reap H．stuff I．undetected J．in coincidence (K) escort L．hesitate M．by accident N．glowing O．procedures More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can 21 big rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without 22 . It"s easy for computer crimes to go 23 if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a 24 recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it"s 25 to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected 26 , not by systematic inspections or other security 27 . The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes 28 punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They 29 at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company"s executives, accountants, and security 30 . And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

填空题Abundance Is a Lifestyle 1. What is abundance? 1) a lifestyle, a way of 1 —not something you buy —not something you use once in a while 2)a 2 —appearing in your physiology and 3 —carrying its own set of beliefs —doing almost everything with it and needing to 4 and take care of it 3) a state of being —requiring no money, but beginning inside with some main self-ingredients — 5 outward, and having no room for lies or games normally played 4) seeing people for their 6 and not what they lack or could be 2. What to do with abundance? 1)knowing what your abundance is —being all around you and 7 —seeing what it is and loving yourself for what it is at this present moment 2) being in a state of abundance of what you have — 8 them in because they are yours —letting go of it if it isn"t abundant for the time being 3) 9 your own abundance —beginning to be within your own abundance —trusting the 10 energy