过去狗仗人势，只要主人在，狗就要猖狂，就要咬人，就要耀武扬威。 现在的情形大变，是人仗狗势，人把名犬牵出来显示自己的身份，狗的品种越名贵，产地越遥远，价格越离谱，血统越纯正，市面上的拥有量和流通量越稀少，主人的面子就越大。女人牵着名狗上路那感觉都不同，女人已经不是女人，而是贵妇。女人们过去显摆的是时装，现在显摆的是狗的身价。没有名狗作为陪衬的女人肯定是小妇人，甚至连小妇人也要牵一只哈巴狗张扬，即便不能提高身价，起码可以表明自己并非小保姆。 如今连小保姆也要忍嘴省钱，买一只杂交的狗来蒙养。越是穷困的人越要依靠狗的身份来抬高自己的社会地位。炒股、养狗，打麻将是都市里有闲女人干的三大正事，别的事情都可以算做歪门邪道。

Story Telling I. Status of story tellingA. In the past provided cultural【T1】 1【T1】 2 provided moral educationB. Today stories are still much valued as a way to deliver a personal,【T2】 3 message【T2】 4II. Function and criteria of storiesA. To capture the interest【T3】 5 , story teller has to【T3】 6 take the needs of the【T4】 7 into account.【T4】 8 tailor the story to fita. the time availableb. the age of the audiencec. the location and【T5】 9【T5】 10B. Good stories are complete stories with a(n)【T6】 11【T6】 12C. Adding a twist to make the ending【T7】 13 will definitely【T7】 14make the story more funIII. Sources of storiesA The sources of stories can be【T8】 15【T8】 16B. The best source is the story tellers' own【T9】 17, because it【T9】 18 sounds true has a greater【T10】 19【T10】 20IV. Presentation of storiesA. Before giving a story publicly memorize the【T11】 21【T11】 22 pay attention to【T12】 23 and names【T12】 24 try to tell the story in【T13】 25【T13】 26B. When telling the story keep every thing in control and establish your【T14】 27【T14】 28 watch your speaking speed and use【T15】 29【T15】 30 Story Telling I. Status of story tellingA. In the past provided cultural【T1】 31【T1】 32 provided moral educationB. Today stories are still much valued as a way to deliver a personal,【T2】 33 message【T2】 34II. Function and criteria of storiesA. To capture the interest【T3】 35 , story teller has to【T3】 36 take the needs of the【T4】 37 into account.【T4】 38 tailor the story to fita. the time availableb. the age of the audiencec. the location and【T5】 39【T5】 40B. Good stories are complete stories with a(n)【T6】 41【T6】 42C. Adding a twist to make the ending【T7】 43 will definitely【T7】 44make the story more funIII. Sources of storiesA The sources of stories can be【T8】 45【T8】 46B. The best source is the story tellers' own【T9】 47, because it【T9】 48 sounds true has a greater【T10】 49【T10】 50IV. Presentation of storiesA. Before giving a story publicly memorize the【T11】 51【T11】 52 pay attention to【T12】 53 and names【T12】 54 try to tell the story in【T13】 55【T13】 56B. When telling the story keep every thing in control and establish your【T14】 57【T14】 58 watch your speaking speed and use【T15】 59【T15】 60

(1)We've spent more man 60 years dissecting Willy Loman, me character artfully sketched by Arthur Miller in Death of a Salesman. Willy is, perhaps, America's consummate loser. But if you can bear with me for one moment, imagine he lived in current times, not amid me postwar prosperity of 1949. Sure, his career was ebbing, but Willy kept a job for 38 years, he owned his house—he had just made me last mortgage payment—and had a wife and two children. Today he'd be a survivor. (2)Has our view of failure softened since Willy Loman's day? In a country with a high level of unemployment, and where promotions, bonuses, and retirement savings seem like relics, failure is something many of us are wrestling with right now. But if we begin to accept that success is not a simple, upward career route, mis economic crisis may not just reduce the stigma of being sacked but transform me way we think of failing. Shocking as it sounds, failure can be a good thing. (3)It's true, recessions can wreck self-esteem. In a nation built on success and a gloriously entrepreneurial spirit, the prospect of failure can make people fearful—and shameful—even when it is not their fault. "There is a crash in every generation," wrote Arthur Miller in 2005, just before he died, "sufficient to mark us with a kind of congenital fear of failure." Miller was commenting on a wonderful book by historian Scott Sandage called Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Sandage believes Willy Loman was a success. But me message of the play, he says, is that "if you are not continuing upwards, if you level off, you have to give up. You might as well not live." (4)In his book, Sandage argues mat America's ideas about failure were formed between 1819 and 1893, as busts followed a series of speculative booms. Before then, failure was not associated with individual identity. It just happened to you. Bankruptcy was thought to come from overreach—living excessively—not from lack of ambition. By me end of me 19th century, says Sandage, failure had gone from being a professional misfortune to "a name for a deficient self, an identity in me red." Ralph Waldo Emerson expressed mis in his journal in 1842: "Nobody fails who ought not to fail. There is always a reason, in me man, for his good or bad fortune." By the middle of me last century, at the time Willy Loman was hawking his wares, Americans could not face "me possibility of defeat in one's personal life or one's work without being morally destroyed," according to sociologist David Riesman. This foolish, dangerous idea is under assault right now. Should financial success really be a moral imperative? Why do we think that an ordinary kind of life is of lesser worth? Studies have found that our most potent emotional experiences come from relationships, not careers. Those who work in palliative care(临终关怀)report that, on their deambeds, most people don't regret not having clambered a rung higher, but having worked too hard, and having lost touch with friends. (5)And history shows it is only when me economy is in the mud that Americans feel free to do what they want to do. As me author J. K. Rowling said so concisely in her 2008 address to Harvard graduates, failure can mean a "stripping away of the inessential." When she was an impoverished single mother, she started to write her magical tales: "I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other man what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me." This doesn't mean it is an uplifting experience to be unemployed, of course. But it may mean we ease up on some of the judgment that springs from the false idea mat a person without a job has not just hit bad luck or a poor economy—but is a failure. (6)It may also mean we can accept plateaus, understand that a life has troughs we can climb out of, and that a long view is the wisest one. A recession is a great reminder that all of us need to learn.

Is online gambling legal? It all depends on where you live. Last September, several U.S. lawmakers are trying to crack down on the industry by clarifying existing U.S. laws and making it easier to go after offenders. Actually, opinions vary on whether the online gambling should be banned. The following are some of the typical opinions on the issue. Read them carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions; 2. give your commentEarl L. Grinols, professor of Baylor University It is impossible to stop online gambling. When it has been banned, people have just used sites based in other countries. It is better to legalize and regulate online gambling than to drive gamblers to poorly-regulated foreign operators. Regulation can reduce the problems identified by the proposition. For example, online gamblers can be required to give personal details when registering (e.g. occupation, income). If this information suggests they are spending more than they can afford, the company can block their credit card. In any case, most online gamblers do not get addicted. Why should they be denied an activity that they enjoy?Jimmy Doherty, dean of the Faculty of Economy at Princeton University Internet gambling is especially dangerous. Someone can become addicted very easily—they don't even need to leave their home. This also means that they are gambling in private. They may therefore be less reluctant to wager very large sums they cannot afford. It is very hard to know the identity of an online gambler—there have been several cases of people (including children) using stolen credit cards to gamble online. Online gambling may be hard to control but that is not a reason to try— making an activity more difficult to pursue will still reduce the number of those who take it up. It is not impossible to put effective deterrent steps in place, such as the recent US ban on American banks processing credit card payments to internet gambling sites.Brad DeLong, professor of politics at U.C. Berkeley Prohibition doesn't work. We've tried it before. As our history books show, the Volstead Act, which prohibited the sale of alcohol in the 1920s, closed the doors of legal, regulated businesses. In their place, it opened a Pandora's box with unintended consequences. These consequences—criminal activity, illegal manufacturing and distribution, and more—took years and significant resources to fully combat. All for the act to later be repealed. Let's not let history repeat itself. Americans enjoy entertainment, especially gambling. Gambling is woven into American history, having existed in some form since our nation's establishment. Let's rely on common-sense safeguards and consumer protections. Let's extend well-established and effective gaming regulations to the newest form, online gaming.Rick Perry, governor of Texas Internet gambling is particularly worrisome. Evidence overwhelmingly shows that compulsive gambling is three to four times more common among online gamblers than non-Internet gamblers. Online gambling is fundamentally more dangerous than other forms of gambling. The 24/7 ease of access, speed of the game, solitary nature of play and ability to play multiple games at once make it so. It's also possible to lose more money than you have on hand. Legalizing online gambling may seem like an attractive solution to a state's budget woes. Evidence, however, suggests the contrary. Gambling disproportionately impacts the poor. It diverts money away from local businesses and displaces existing sales tax revenue while fueling societal ills. Both sides of this debate agree a state-by-state patchwork of online gambling regimes will not work. Congress needs to act in the interest of families and communities. It should update the Wire Act to ensure enforcement of federal law prohibiting Internet gambling.

For days, Beijing has been trapped under a blanket of yellow-brown dust that the U.S. Embassy air monitor classifies, inits hourly reading, " hazardous." Living under Beijing skies, one【M1】______has come to expect an incremental uptick in the numberof officially declared "blue sky" day each year.【M2】______ Nearly two years after the world failed to achieve a decisiveclimate change deal in Copenhagen, and we' ve become used to【M3】______many of what we read about the human effects of carbon【M4】______emissions. Orville Schell, the author and the journalist who heads【M5】______the Center on U.S.-China Relations at the Asia Society, has writtenrepeated about the need for global cooperation on climate change.【M6】______"As a writer, I felt that what I wrote had limited effect," he told me recently, "so we decided to try a different approach: Let's do it in a visual way." The results are in display now at the Three Shadows【M7】______Photography Art Centre in Beijing, and, with luck, it will be near【M8】______you soon. "Coal + Ice" is a documentary exhibitionencompassing works by thirty photographers around the world.【M9】______It seeks to doing something unprecedented: to chart the horrific【M10】______grandeur of our effects on the planet, from the coal mines beneath our feet to the dwindling glaciers on our highest mountains. The images chosen by curators Jeroen de Vries and Susan Meiselas describe a spectrum that is vast in aesthetics and geography.

The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively a few restrictions governing access【M1】______and usage, it is the communications modal equivalence of【M2】______international waters. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. There has been much talk about the "new information age." But much is less widely reported has been the notion that the【M3】______ Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragment of society【M4】______ by alienating its individual users. At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction: how can something which is on the one【M5】______ hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas alienate the participant?【M6】______ I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a "problem" with the Internet. When I questioned about him further he said that he was "addicted," and has "forced"【M7】______himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just possible for him. I have not【M8】______known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he described his internet binges, when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to think. Hesaid, "the Internet isn't true, but I was spending all my time on【M9】______line, so I just had to stop." He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of reality, and that it made him feel lonely and depressing.【M10】______

For decades, the television was the flagship of anyconsumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home,【M1】______the TV held the most prominent real estate in the living room, costthe most to buy, and carry the biggest brand mark. And for【M2】______consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs was a good business. As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned into the sleek, flat-screen televisions of today, another shift startedto occur. The price competition was merciful and unrelenting since【M3】______the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were【M4】______buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it is threatening torob televisions their prominence—and value—in the home. With【M5】______more people streaming or downloading video as an alternation to【M6】______cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The television, meanwhile, may become just another screen. "That's avery real possibility," says Paul Gagnon, the director of North 【M8】______American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firmbased in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming【M8】______just another monitor, he says, " that is a low-profit, no-money business with just a handful of players." To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, television makersare pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications.【M9】______Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions【M10】______this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years, according to DisplaySearch.

The old man is very pleased to be told that his daughters and son-in-laws are going to see him tomorrow.

[此试题无题干]

用拆字先生的办法，望文生义，家最初显然和猪圈有关，而家的发展，当然是让它越来越不像猪圈。不过，我并不喜欢那些一尘不染的家庭。清洁过了头，家反而不像家。家是给人住的，因此，我想一切都应该以让人不感到别扭为度。过分用心了，人便变成了家的奴隶，整天替家当保姆，不值得。一个让人羡慕的家庭环境，所有的布置，都应该是以能促进家庭成员彼此之间的健康和谐为基本的前提。一个好的家居，要充满人情味，太干净，太讲究，人情味必打折扣。 有的人的家庭，喜欢收拾得仅供外宾参观似的，结果，作为家庭的主人，自己也成了无所适从的客人。

In the competitive model—the economy of many sellers each with a small share of the total market—the restraint on the private exercise of economic power was provided by other firms on the same side of the market. It was the eagerness of competitors to sell, not the complaints of buyers, that saved the latter from spoliation. It was assumed, no doubt accurately, that the nineteenth-century textile manufacturer who overcharged for his product would promptly lose his market to another manufacturer who did not. If all manufacturers found themselves in a position where they could exploit a strong demand, and mark up their prices accordingly, there would soon be an inflow of new competitors. The resulting increase in supply would bring prices and profits back to normal. As with the seller who was tempted to use his economic power against the customer, so with the buyer who was tempted to use it against his labor or suppliers, the man who paid less than the prevailing wage would lose his labor force to those who paid the worker his full (marginal) contribution to the earnings of the firm. In all cases the incentive to socially desirable behavior was provided by the competitor. It was to the same side of the market—the restraint of sellers by other sellers and of buyers by other buyers, in other words to competition—that economists came to look for the self-regulatory mechanisms of the economy. They also came to look to competition exclusively and in formal theory still do. The notion that there might be another regulatory mechanism in the economy had been almost completely excluded from economic thought. Thus, with the widespread disappearance of competition in its classical form and its replacement by the small group of firms if not in overt, at least in conventional or tacit, collusion, it was easy to suppose that since competition had disappeared, all effective restraint on private power had disappeared. Indeed, this conclusion was all but inevitable if no search was made for other restraints, and so complete was the preoccupation with competition that none was made. In fact, new restraints on private power did appear to replace competition. They were nurtured by the same process of concentration which impaired or destroyed competition. But they appeared not on the same side of the market but on the opposite side, not with competitors but with customers or suppliers. It will be convenient to have a name for this counterpart of competition and I shall call it countervailing power. To begin with a broad and somewhat too dogmatically stated proposition, private economic power is held in check by the countervailing power of those who are subject to it. The first begets the second. The long trend toward concentration of industrial enterprise in the hands of a relatively few firms has brought into existence not only strong sellers, as economists have supposed, but also strong buyers, a fact they have failed to see. The two develop together, not in precise step, but in such manner that there can be no doubt that the one is in response to the other.

Should museums charge for admission? Museums are expensive to run, with the costs of acquisitions, conservation, maintenance, staff salaries and special exhibitions all weighing heavily upon their budgets. But others think as a non-profit organization, museum should not charge for admissions since it can get government support. The following is an article about this issue. Read it carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author's opinion on the issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Britain's museums are in crisis. On the surface, things look good. Our galleries have benefited from years of expansion. But all over Britain, a darker reality is emerging in the wake of spending cuts. A survey has shown that since the spending review 58% of museums have suffered cuts, and a fifth have been hit by devastating cuts of 25%. On that measure, yes, 42% have not yet suffered cuts—but surely it's a policy of divide and rule, with councils, not central government, making the big decisions, and less fashionable venues taking the biggest hits (at least as far as I can see). But an overall climate of contraction will surely hit all museums and all aspects of what they do. And there is little chance of this improving in the near future. The worst option is for museums and public collections to start selling works to pay the bills. The recent sale of a Millais by one cash-strapped council is a terrible mistake, a betrayal of our cultural heritage. The best option, I am starting to think, may be to introduce admission fees. I spat out this notion earlier this week in the wake of the attack on two paintings recently in the National Gallery. The debate was taken up by the Telegraph. Obviously, attacks on art happen at museums that charge an entry fee as well as at free ones. But this is about much more than security. I remember the drab, uncared-for feeling of some of Britain's biggest museums in the 1980s and 90s. They seemed to be struggling now, with no big plans and no sense of splendor. Free museums with a supportive government are very different from free museums in a climate of austerity. Going to the Louvre or to American museums 20 years ago was like entering a different universe of cultural pride and enjoyment—these museums really wanted to thrill, and they did justice to their collections. So do ours—right now. Britons have realized how precious our great collections are. The world shares the passion, and if you visit the British Museum this summer the sheer crowd numbers startle. How about turning that popularity into money? We can't let recent progress in our galleries and museums be destroyed by a cost-cutting mentality that first freezes, then rolls back, everything that has been achieved. Charging for entry cannot be a taboo. I probably make more use of free entry than most people; there are obviously ways to make entrance fees egalitarian. Free entry for everyone under 20 and all students, membership schemes for the rest of us, something like the new National Art Pass for those who want to purchase annual overall access. I think free museums are a great British tradition, but I don't want these museums to decay. Charging for entry is a better remedy than selling paintings, closing galleries or sacking staff. Might it even give visitors a keener sense of the value of some of the greatest experiences it is possible to have?

美国的传统节日，有不少是我这个东方人从未经历过，甚至闻所未闻的。 刚到美国，我去一所成人学校读英语。一脚跨进教室，就见一位碧眼女郎飞步迎来，献上一张心形卡片，上面赫然写着：“我喜欢你!”我不禁愕然。纵然“一见钟情”，也没有如此神速的!岂料又有一位金发少女接踵而至，也递上一张心形卡片，上面也写着：“我喜欢你!”真是艳福非浅。来者不拒呢?还是谢绝为妙?正在考虑时，幸得救星到了。我的英语教师，来自台湾的陈女士翩翩而至，朗声笑道：“收下吧，不管谁送你，你都收下。今天是情人节，美国人在这一天互赠心形卡片以示友谊。”啊，我如释重负地笑了。

姚明今天已是一名优秀的球星，可当初他的追求目标却不是拿冠军、去NBA、当球星。他那玩命的训练，奋勇的拼搏，只是为了有一双合脚的鞋子，让全家人不再为他穿鞋而发愁。也许姚明如此简单的目标让人感到不可思议，但正是这看似简单的目标成就了他今天的辉煌。他认真实际地确定着自己人生每一阶段的追求目标。并不断地去实现它，超越它。回首人生旅途中那许许多多被人们抛弃的未竟事业和目标，我们再一次反思姚明：要想走路，先得拥有一双合脚的鞋子，还得一步步地走。

如果“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情隋”便代表一种审美的人生态度。它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。生命的意义不在于奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。

天上的云，真是姿态万千，变化无常。 它们有的像羽毛，轻轻地飘在空中；有的像鱼鳞，一片片整整齐齐地排列着；有的像羊群，来来去去；有的像一床大棉被，严严实实地盖住了天空；还有的像峰峦，像河流，像雄狮，像奔马……它们有时把天空点缀得很美丽，有时又把天空笼罩得很阴森。刚才还是白云朵朵，阳光灿烂；一霎间却又是乌云密布，大雨倾盆。 云就像是天气的“招牌”：天上挂什么云，就将出现什么样的天气。

Meaning in Literature In reading literary works, we are concerned with the 'meaning' of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I. Meaning is what is intended by【T1】______.【T1】______Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to1)read【T2】______ by the same author:【T2】______2)get familiar with【T3】______ at the time:【T3】______3)get to know【T4】______ and symbols of the time.【T4】______II. Meaning exists 'in' the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertiesof the text like【T5】______, etc. 【T5】______2)speaker's view: meaning is created by both conventions ofmeaning and【T6】______.【T6】______Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by【T7】______【T7】______and conventions of usage. But different time periods anddifferent【T8】______ perspectives could lead to different interpretations【T8】______of meaning in a text. III. Meaning is created by【T9】______.【T9】______1)meaning is【T10】______:【T10】______2)meaning is【T11】______:【T11】______3)meaning requires【T12】______:【T12】______- practicing【T13】______【T13】______- practicing【T14】______【T14】______- background research in【T15】______, etc.【T15】______

The following two excerpts are about overtime stresses of Chinese white-collar workers. From the excerpts, you can find that white-collar workers in China have to work overtime, willingly or unwillingly, due to acceleration of life pace and the ever-increasing working pressure. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize work status of white-collar workers in China, and then, 2. express your opinion on how to keep a balance between a workaholic and a life pleasure pursuer.Excerpt 1 Overtime Is Norm for White-Collar Workers Working overtime has become routine for white-collar workers, with more than 60 percent of employees in a recent survey saying they have to work extra time on weekdays and 40 percent having to do so on the weekends. Nearly 14 percent said they only enjoyed half the weekends off in a month, while 3.4 percent said they had no day off in a month. Guangdong province, Beijing and Zhejiang province have the most employees working extra time from Monday to Friday, while Hong Kong, Shanghai and Jiangsu province have the highest average number of monthly overtime days. Huang Ruoshan, Zhaopin's senior career consultant, said working overtime is only prevalent in certain industries such as real estate, the Internet and finance. "Those industries are developing very rapidly, which demands employees work hard under pressure and work extra time," said Huang. "Take the e-commerce industry as an example: It actually demands that employees be available 24 hours a day seven days a week." In the Internet field, there is a term called "996", which means employees start at 9 am, finish around 9 pm and have to work on Saturday. Shen, 27, an employee of mobile phone company in Shenzhen, said it is normal to work extra time and he is willing to do that. "I barely have weekends. However, I am satisfied with my job, my colleagues and working environment. This industry is changing so fast, I am proud to say I am creating value in my position. "However, I know working overtime hurts my health. I even look older than my peers," added Shen. "So I am considering an early retirement when I have enough savings."Excerpt 2 Constant Overtime Stresses Chinese White-Collar Workers to Breaking Point China is facing an epidemic of overwork, to hear the state-controlled press and Chinese social media tell it. About 600,000 Chinese die each year from working too hard, according to the China Youth Daily. China Radio International in April reported a toll of 1,600 every day. "What's the point of working overtime so you can work to death?" asked one commentator on Weibo, lamenting that his boss told employees to spend more time on the job. The rising death rate comes as China's workforce appears to be getting the upper hand, with a shrinking labor pool able to demand higher wages and factory workers regularly going on strike. But the message hasn't gotten through to China's white-collar warriors. In exchange for starting salaries typically double blue-collar pay, they put in hours of overtime on top of eight-hour workdays, often in violation of Chinese labor law, according to Geoffrey Crothall, spokesman for Hong Kong-based labor-advocacy group the China Labour Bulletin. "China is still a rising economy, and people are still buying into that hardworking ethos," said Jeff Kingston, director of Asian Studies at the Tokyo branch campus of Temple University of Philadelphia.