Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level.

我喜欢陈文茜郑重其事的坦言：“在我成长的岁月中，日子不是一天比一天匮乏，反倒是一天比一天有希望，这是我们那一代人的幸福。”她并非盲目闭塞，她只是看到在这片广袤的土地上，“忧患与安逸，悲剧与欢乐，永远并存。”而我也愿意相信，无论酷暑隆冬，无论受难与否，日日都是好日子。在我们短暂的生命里，希望并非聊胜于无的东西，它是所有生活的日常。

农村的生活节奏缓慢，城市的生活节奏快捷。

What role does speaking play in second language acquisition? It has no direct role, since language is acquired by comprehensibleinput, but in fact someone who is not able to speak for physical【S1】______reasons can still acquire the full ability to understand language. However, speaking does indirectly help in two ways: speaking produces conversation, which produces comprehensible input, and your speaking allows native speakers to judge what level you are atand then adjust their speaking downward you, providing you input【S2】______that is more easily understood. What kind of input is optimal for acquisition? The best input iscomprehensible, which sometimes means that it needs to be slow【S3】______and more carefully articulated, using common vocabulary, more【S4】______slang, and shorter sentences. Optimal input is interesting and / or relevant and allows the acquirer to focus on the meaning of the message and not on the form of the message. Optimal input is not grammatically sequenced, and a grammatical syllabus should not beused in the language classroom, in a part because all students will【S5】______not be at exactly the same level and because each structure is often only introduced once before moving on to anything else. Finally, optimal input must focus on quantity, although most languageteachers have to date seriously overestimated how much【S6】______comprehensible input is actually needed for the acquirer to progress.【S7】______ In addition to receive the right kind of input, students should【S8】______have their affective filter kept low, meaning that classroom stress should be minimized and students " should not be put on thedefensive. " One result of this is what student's errors should not be【S9】______corrected. Students should be taught how to gain more input from the outside world, including helping them acquire conversational competence, the mean of managing conversation.【S10】______

芙蓉镇街面不大。十几家铺子、几十户住家紧紧夹着一条青石板街。 铺子和铺子是那样的紧密，以至一家煮狗肉，满街闻香气：以至谁家娃儿跌跤碰脱牙、打了碗，街坊邻里心中都有数；以至姐妹家的私房话，年轻夫妻的打情骂俏，都常常被隔壁邻居听了去，传为一镇的秘闻趣事，笑料谈资。偶尔某户人家弟兄内讧，夫妻斗殴，整条街道便会骚动起来，人们往来奔走，相告相劝，如同一河受惊的鸭群，半天不得平息。

大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所以人们对于大自然全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着：种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

For centuries, immigrants have come to America seeking the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some camefleeting religious persecution. Others came for the possibility of a【M1】______better life. But all were inspired by the freedoms that exist in the United States because of the rule of law. Throughout our history, immigrants have contributed toAmerican society and help build the American dream. But today【M2】______we face with an immigration crisis. Lax enforcement of our【M3】______immigration laws threatens the promise of life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness that has made America that it is today. In【M4】______order to protect the American dream, we must enforce our immigration laws. According to a report by the Government Accountability Office, only 44 percent of the U.S.-Mexico border is under the "operational control" of the U.S. Border Patrol. Forty-four percentis a failure grade. Holes in the security of our borders threaten【M5】______American lives. The first promise of the American dream is "life." In order to protect that promise, we must secure the U.S.-Mexico border. We must also do more to prohibit Americans from criminal【M6】______illegal immigrants. Despite the Obama administration has【M7】______increased the deportation of criminal immigrants, two Supreme Court rulings created a safe haven for dangerous criminalimmigrants who can be removed. Because these rulings prohibit【M8】______criminal immigrants from detained longer than six months【M9】______when they cannot be deported, federal officials have been forced to【M10】______release thousands of criminal immigrants into our communities. Tragically, many have gone on to commit more crimes, including murder.

Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.

你得承认，多媒体不只是一件东西，而是包括许多东西的复杂的组合：硬件、软件和这两者相遇时的界面。不，我们还忘了一件很重要的事情，多媒体还包括你。是的，就是!对于多媒体，你不再是一个被动的观众，你可以控制，可以交互作用，可以让它按你的需要去做。这就意味着你可以按照自己的需要来调整多媒体的表达形式。在一个报告中，你可以不管那些无用的东西而直接进入重要的数据，可以将感兴趣的全世界的报告和图片收集汇编到一起。这就是多媒体的力量和它与传统媒体(如书本和电视)的区别所在。

To flee or not to flee from the first-tier cities, which has been a question confronting most graduates in recent years. From the following two excerpts, you can find that both kinds of cities have adherents. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize both articles, and then 2. provide your own choice and reasons.Excerpt 1 China's Big Fish Graduates Seek Smaller Ponds The top cities, like Beijing and Shanghai, seem to be losing their glamour and fast-rising second-tier cities like Chengdu, Dalian and Wuhan are offering graduates more employment possibilities and perhaps a better quality of life. Skyrocketing living costs, high pressure, pollution and traffic problems have dissuaded many from staying in the traditional powerhouses of graduate employment, according to sociologist Zhou Keda. More importantly, he says, graduates are not just being pushed away by the negatives, but are being pulled in by the positives. Second-tier cities have been working hard to provide top-notch facilities in fields like education and medical care. A lot of help and support is available to new businesses and environmental concerns are often considerably less. While preferential policies and salary breaks attract the intelligent and the ambitious, top cities are struggling to curb excessive population growth. The expansion of high-speed rail has greatly reduced journey times throughout the country, also contributing to the loss of admirers of first-tier cities. "Previously we talked about 'fleeing' Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Now, it is more like a natural flow based on more uniform urban development," said Xiong Hanzhong, founder of the Beijing youth stress management center. He describes the trend as a "normal and rational" development.Excerpt 2 Graduates Find First-Tier Cities Still Appealing First-tier cities like Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are still more popular among university graduates, according to a recent employment survey. It showed 63 percent of respondents hope to stay in first-tier cities for at least one year after graduation this year. Last year, the figure was 38 percent. Liu Xingyang, a senior consultant at the agency, said graduates now feel this way mainly because of the increasing return of people to big cities after hoping to settle in lower-cost small cities. In the past two years, some people left first-tier cities where they worked and went back to their hometowns or sought jobs in second-tier cities or even small places because in first-tier cities, housing prices have become too high, he said. But many people could not get used to smaller cities because in such places, social connections, rather than abilities, usually determine one's promotions or social status. Some graduates even found they could not easily communicate with people from the area because of "cultural differences", so many started to return to big cities, Liu said. "Such phenomena have been largely reported by the media, sparking many university graduates' desire to work in first-tier cities," he said. Liu said first-tier cities are attractive to university graduates because they have more opportunities, greater development platforms, a fairer competitive environment, and a more diversified cultural environment.

(1)It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on. (2)Partly, it's that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a French ecommerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world's deepest pockets. (3)The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they've decided upon English as their common tongue. (4)So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—-and settled on English as the company's common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year. (5)How did this happen? One school attributes English's great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It's a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A.D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. What's more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change—foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts—in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academie Francaise, has not. (6)So it's a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language's ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition—first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the world's most important financial centre, which made English a key language for business. England's colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the world's preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn. (7)In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadn't studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along. (8)The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily. (9)None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans(including the British and Irish)speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. That's a lot more than those who can speak German(32%)or French(28%), but it still means more Europeans don't speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even me U.S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition. (10)But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union's non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn't been all that traumatic, and it's only going to get easier in the future.

What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probablyno two people would draw up approximately similar lists, but I【M1】______think the following would be generally accepted. Firstly, the teacher's personality should be pleasant live and【M2】______attractive. This does not rule on people who are physically plain,【M3】______or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but itdoes not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid,【M4】______sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too,that it includes all of dull or purely negative personality.【M5】______ Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential for a teacher【M6】______to have a genuine capacity for sympathy—in the literacy meaning【M7】______of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind whichalways wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which one will【M8】______never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can bestbe taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching to;【M9】______and—by far the most important—the children, young people, oradults to those they are to be taught.【M10】______

In China, where several generations once shared the same dwelling, adult children usually live with parents until they marry. Do you think it's acceptable for adult kids to live at home? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Western parents Mick (the UK) : Coddling people does not help them stand on their own. Let them live at home during college to save money if you must, but once they graduate, they should be on their own. This doesn't mean chronic helicopter parents can't send over a care package and help them out. What I mean here is that unless there is some sort of serious handicap, parents shouldn't go there and deal with the trouble that comes with it. After four years of college and being in their 20s they should be as prepared as they will ever be to live on their own. Ratfink (Australia): In the West children are now staying at home longer than previously. It's not uncommon to see kids staying until their 30s or until getting married. This is in part due to the ridiculous cost of housing in much of the developed world as well as exorbitant rates for house sharing or room rental, coupled with the fact that kids are often in so much debt after purchasing a car, paying for their education and splurging on non-essentials such as the latest phones. Jeremy (the US) : Adult children can live with their parents; however, I cannot bear them taking advantage. They should pay the rent, food, utilities and other expenses just as they would if they were living with a roommate. They should also provide assistance for their parents, such as cooking meals, cleaning and driving to appointments.Chinese parents Genie (China) : I have a daughter who is 25 and living at home. She lived with us right out of college, and was lucky enough to find a really good contract job and was able to pay off her student loans. She then found a permanent job and rented an apartment with two others. The lease came up and everyone went his own way. Now she is back with us, commuting to work and saving up to buy her own place. If a young adult is smart, and his/her parents supportive, having kids live at home until they can truly stand on their own two feet is a good way to go. Isn't that what a family is for? WRONGMAN (China): Independence is the critical milestone of young adulthood. It is my duty as a parent to push my daughter out of the nest, forcibly if necessary, when she graduates. We are trying to help her gain confidence and independence incrementally—dormitory life for the first year of college to subsidized (by us) apartment for the rest of the course. Although we pay the majority of her rent and utilities, she is expected to work part time for food money. If she chooses not to work, hunger is a strong motivator. She is also well aware that upon graduation she is on her own financially.Young people Tony (Canada) : I think it's important for adult kids to move out when they can. Living with your parents for too long just makes it much more difficult to be on your own. It's not being disrespectful to live on your own; it's called being independent and there is nothing wrong with that. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

Why We Don't Like English Classes I. People's【T1】______ of how to learn English【T1】______A. Preconception: intention—registration—paying—attending classes:then one will get【T2】______【T2】______B. Actually, classes are a(n)【T3】______way of learning English【T3】______II. Things students can do at an English classA lot of【T4】______ are spent when attending English classes【T4】______A Listening to bad English from peersB. Having the poor【T5】______【T5】______C. Reading a boring textbook— textbook makes【T6】______ easier【T6】______— but makes learning boringD. Learning stupid grammar rules—【T7】______ of so many grammar rules is impossible【T7】______— the practice of them in speaking is also impossible— as a result, test score may be improved but【T8】______【T8】______E. Doing useless【T9】______【T9】______— reviewing the useless grammar rules— testing English but not teaching any EnglishF. Getting boring homework【T10】______【T10】______— usually a grammar exercise or a composition— usually you don't care about the subject of the compositionG.【T11】______ can't be gained【T11】______— this fact is ignored by teachers— how to avoid making【T12】______ is seldom taught【T12】______— how to pronounce or use dictionary to learn about word pronunciation is seldom taughtIII.【T13】______ to replace boring classes with interesting things【T13】______A. Watching International or English-language channelB. Attending【T14】______ or speaking English with friends【T14】______C. Reading interesting texts and booksD. Reading and listening to English: increasing the【T15】______【T15】______E. Writing compositions for yourself instead of teachers

Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant leveling out of language any more than one could detect by observation that the sun is burning itself out. As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word. However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process of simplification that would have to have come into operation at some time after such a pre-historic development. Noam Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentieth century, has indicated that human language and animal communication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.

在我抽烟的时候，我有这样一种感觉。那闪烁着的烟头在一点一点地燃烧着时间。幽幽窜出的白烟，如同往事。它们在我们肺腑和身体内留下一种滋味，一种气息。纠结在我们的日子里。我们无法忘怀这种味道。之后，又在我们眼前缭绕不散，将眼前的现实朦胧起来；之后，我们就看见了往事……许多往事就如此交替存在。就像我们口中不断吐出的烟，一缕一缕，只要我们活着，往事就不会断绝。

[此试题无题干]

There may be sound medical reasons for accepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.