PASSAGE FOUR

The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is notonly a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and【S1】______skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt tonew ways of working and a new work environment, and the【S2】______personality to do the job and fit into a new team. But there are otherpersonal skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on【S3】______with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem【S4】______solving and good time management. Most people think that interviewers know what they are lookingfor and will recognize when they see it. However, people are【S5】______actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to【S6】______recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that " some interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chances". In companies which recognize this, various methods are used totry to find the correct person. The most common is the structured【S7】______interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliablethan the ordinary job interview, even no as effective as using tests or【S8】______assessment centers. In a structured interview the interviewer groupsthe qualities listing in the job specification under various headings.【S9】______There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology's Seven-Point Plan and the Five-Fold Grading System. The interviewers score candidates for how well【S10】______they fit the job specification.

(1)Yu Zhuoping hasn't taken a vacation in two years, nor does the 44-year-old take many weekends off. Instead he logs 12-hour days in a soccer-pitch-size laboratory filled with flashing computer screens and disemboweled electric motors. He's trying to build me future—in the form of hydrogen-powered cars that can not only work, but can sell. Since Yu's team of 28 Ph.D.-level scientists and 200 students at Shanghai's Tongji University began the work in 2002, they've come out with two generations of cars—built with Chinese technology. "That's something that nobody thought we could do," he says, glancing out from under the silver hood of Start II, the project's newest prototype. "Now people say we won't be able to make mem marketable. So we'll just keep working." (2)In China such optimism is par for the course. Beijing is undaunted in its ambitions to become a world leader in hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered cars. The dream is not far-fetched. Making hydrogen cars a reality is only partly a matter of coming up with technological breakthroughs. It also involves replacing gasoline filling stations, refineries and internal-combustion engines with hydrogen equivalents. China's relative lack of development may thus be a virtue; the country's leadership has a relatively clean slate upon which to build a hydrogen-car industry, should it choose to do so. (3)If the technology could be made cost-competitive with fossil fuels—which many analysts predict will happen in the next two decades—hydrogen cars would make sense as a national strategy. By marketing China the world's biggest market for hydrogen cars, Beijing could attract investment in the latest technology and bootstrap a world-class Chinese auto industry, reducing China's demand for imported oil in the bargain. Of course, there's a sizable industry that is pushing the country in the opposite direction, toward fast growth using quick and dirty conventional technology and fuels—and even fighting against tighter emissions controls than in the West. (4)Which strategy China chooses stands to have a huge impact on the country—and on the rest of the world. At present, the Middle Kingdom is traversed by relatively few cars—only about 20 million. That amounts to barely eight cars per 1,000 people, which is a far cry from the 100 in Brazil or the 940 in the United States. China is catching up quickly, however. At its current rate of growth, the country will surpass Japan and become the world's second largest auto market by 2011, with annual sales of 5 million cars, says Yale Zhang, a research director for the consulting firm GSM worldwide. China, already the world's second largest importer of oil, would have to double import every 7 or 8 years to keep all these wheels spinning, says James Brock, an energy consultant in Beijing. By steering China toward more fuel-efficient hybrid cars as a precursor to a hydrogen-based auto industry, Beijing would take a giant step toward curbing green-house-gas emissions and reducing the worldwide demand of oil. It would also give the big carmakers an incentive to develop similar vehicles for the China market. (5)Beijing has already begun to create an alternative-energy-vehicle fleet of buses. The central Yangtze port city of Wuhan runs several hybrid buses and, Wang Gang, the chief scientist in charge of China's electric-vehicles project, says, city officials are planning to buy more. Beijing's public transportation armada includes 120 pure-battery buses. Beijing and Shanghai plan to build hydrogen-fueling stations. That will help them when it comes time to convert the country's 190,000 natural-gas taxis and buses, one of the world's biggest natural-gas fleets, to hydrogen. (6)State-funded RD centers are also spinning off for-profit companies that would export hydrogen-technology-based products. Ouyang Minggao, director of China's National Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, also heads the start-up company SinoHytec, launched by Tsinghua University, China's MIT. SinoHytec plans to start building fuel-cell buses, with a plan to sell them by 2010. (7)If companies like SinoHytec are profitable, they could create a big enough market to drop the price of fuel cells and to finance an infrastructure of hydrogen fueling stations. That, Tongji's Yu says, would make a fuel-cell-vehicle market possible by pushing the price of domestically produced fuel-cell cars down to about $42,000 per automobile. The government, he says, would help out by creating a "favorable marketplace" with incentives for fuel-cell-car buyers. Tongji's for-profit start-up, Shanghai FCV Powertrain, expects to sell 250,000 fuel-cell cars by 2020.

Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.

[此试题无题干]

How to solve the brain drain problem existing in universities in China has been a hot topic as our economy develops steadily. The following excerpt offers some opinions on this issue. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author's opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Every country sends out students. What makes China different is that most of these bright minds have stayed away. Only a third have come back, according to the Ministry of Education; fewer by some counts. A study this year by a scholar at America's Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education found that 85% of those who gained their doctorate in America in 2006 were still there in 2011. To lure experts to Chinese universities, the government has launched a series of schemes since the mid-1990s. These have offered some combination of a one-off bonus of up to 1 m yuan ($ 160,000) , promotion, an assured salary and a housing allowance or even a free apartment. Some of the best universities have built homes for academics to rent or buy at a discount. All are promised top-notch facilities. Many campuses, which were once spartan, now have swanky buildings. The programmes have also targeted non-Chinese. A "foreign expert thousand-talent scheme", launched in 2011, has enticed around 200 people. Spending on universities has shot up, too; six fold in 2001 -2011. The results have been striking. In 2005 - 2012 published research articles from higher-education institutions rose by 54%; patents granted went up eightfold. But most universities still have far to go. Only two Chinese institutions number in the top 100 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Shanghai Jiao Tong University includes only 32 institutions from mainland China among the world's 500 best. The government frets about the failure of a Chinese scholar ever to win a Nobel Prize in science. Pulling some star scholars back from abroad will not be enough to turn China into an academic giant. Many of those who return do so on a part-time basis. According to David Zweig of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, nearly 75% of Chinese nationals who were lured by a "thousand-talent programme" launched in 2008 did not give up tenure elsewhere. Such schemes have often bought reputation rather than better research. They typically target full professors whose more productive, innovative years may already be behind them. (They also favour experts in science, technology and management.) Chinese universities have great difficulty fostering talent at home. The premium on foreign experience in China has created perverse incentives, says Cao Cong of Nottingham University in Britain. It sends the message to today's best and brightest students that they should still spend their most productive years abroad. More than 300,000 students leave each year.Today the signs are more encouraging. Some universities are changing the way they recruit and hence finding it easier to attract staff from abroad. At Peking University departments now hire and promote using international evaluation methods. They advertise jobs and academics apply for promotion and are rewarded according to their achievements. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

Faith schools and academies should be stripped of their power to choose pupils, according to research that suggests that some secondary schools are flouting new rules designed to prevent middle-class pupils dominating the best comprehensives. Researchers at the London School of Economics, who studied more than 3,000 secondary school admission forms for 2008, said that faith schools and other establishments that control admissions, including academies, should hand over the job of allocating places to an independent body to ensure greater fairness. Anne West, director of the education research group at the LSE and lead author of the study, said that this could be the local authority, which already controls admissions for community schools, or a religious body such as the diocesan authority. The researchers found that some schools were operating a form of backdoor selection by asking for personal information about parents' marital status, occupation and educational background and even children's hobbies. It also found that a significant minority of nonselective schools—5 percent—were selecting pupils on the basis of aptitude for a particular subject. More than half a million 11-year-olds in England will discover this week whether they have got a place at their preferred secondary. Early indications suggest that nationally up to a sixth of children, more than 90,000 pupils, could be disappointed. An overall decline in the number of applications means that the proportion of those failing to get their first choice is likely to fall slightly. The Times has conducted a survey of 65 local authorities. The proportion of pupils not getting their first choice in the West London borough of Kensington and Chelsea was 40 per cent. Further west in Hillingdon the proportion was 29. 5 per cent. In Hertfordshire the figure was 33 per cent, in Bournemouth 29 per cent and in Bristol 19 per cent. In the grammar school areas of Kent and Buckinghamshire, the proportions were 21. 5 and 46.05 per cent respectively. Professor West said that despite the introduction of an admissions code in 2007 to outlaw backdoor selection several schools had breached the rules in letter and in spirit. The study, which was funded by the education charity RISE and the Esmee Fairbairn Foundation, found that some schools were using supplementary information forms to ask parents open-ended questions, which would indicate a great deal about the parents' own educational and social background. Several schools asked about children's hobbies and one even asked children to complete a 100-word statement. Another invited parents to meet the headteacher or deputy "to discuss the application for admission", despite a ban on interviews. A small number of grammar schools (15 percent) asked about parents' marital status through indirect questions, which is also against the rules. The sheer complexity of admissions procedures discriminated against certain groups of parents, the report suggests. More than a fifth of voluntary aided schools have at least four admissions criteria relating to religion and some have as many as 11. Closely tied to this, Professor West said, was the wide degree of discretion open to schools that controlled their own admissions. "Schools that are their own admission authority are in theory in a position to 'cream skim'. This means that they are able, if they so wish, to select pupils who will maximise their examination league table results," she said. "We do not know what is going on behind closed doors. We do not know what happens in voluntary aided schools and how it is decided whether or not a particular applicant is offered a place. " The study found that the proportion of secondary schools selecting pupils by aptitude had risen from 3 per cent to 5 per cent between 2001 and 2008. Nonselective schools that specialise in specific subject areas may select up to 10 percent of their intake by aptitude. The LSE study found that some schools used prior attainment, for example in music examinations, as an indicator of aptitude. This, Professor West suggested, was tantamount to selecting by ability. Sarah McCarthy-Fry, the Schools Minister, said that the LSE report supported the Government's own tough approach to the admissions code. "Admissions authorities must ensure their arrangements are not unnecessarily complex so as to disadvantage certain families," she said.Faith authorities were highly critical of the report. The Rev Janina Ainsworth, chief education officer for the Church of England, said that the study was based on out-of-date information and denied that the procedures for deciding a child's religious affiliation were complex or that schools had too much discretionary power. "Church attendance is the only measure our schools use when allocating places on the basis of faith, and you cannot get a much simpler way of assessing whether someone has a faith commitment or not," she said.

我们的卧室也是一个煮饭和吃饭的地方。

都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高。今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。 我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

她是几个通过考试的学生之一。

汽车盘旋着，穿过村庄，翻越峡谷，沿着一条因解冻而涨水的小溪行驶。

How to Find Time for Yourself I. Introduction: ways to carve out your own timeA.【T1】______: too busy【T1】______B. Desire: some time for yourself II. Scheduling time for yourselfA. Evenings with yourself— saving certain【T2】______just for you【T2】______— doing whatever you want on those nightsB.【T3】______【T3】______C. Buying tickets【T4】______【T4】______— tickets for anything you enjoy: sports, concerts, etc.— scheduling the plans with a friend laterD. Leaving work on timeE. Joining a(n)【T5】______【T5】______F. Taking an adult education classG. Doing some exercise— deciding today— making it【T6】______ tomorrow【T6】______III. Keeping yourself on the goA. Commuting via【T7】______transportation, using that time【T7】______— for some reading or【T8】______【T8】______— for meditationB. Driving in your car— making the most of the time—【T9】______you spend that time【T9】______— changing "waiting time" into "【T10】______"【T10】______— doing reading, writing or entertainment items IV. Trying to be in synergyA. Two birds, one stoneB. Getting to work【T11】______【T11】______— getting exercise— using the time to think or enjoy musicC. Arriving early, using the time— for relaxation— for thinking, whateverD.【T12】______【T12】______— making a difference for others— escaping work and personal【T13】______【T13】______— growing as a personE. Taking a(n)【T14】______job【T14】______— making money— doing something you loveF. Having【T15】______【T15】______

Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful【T1】______. We all know【T2】______ is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance,【T3】______ suggests that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something: compressing the lips, which show that you are【T4】______: and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is【T5】______. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings, though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to 【T6】______ . That is to say different cultures have their【T7】______ in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of "I don't care", or "I don't know". Crossing your arms may indicate【T8】______. But it can also powerfully show you are bored.【T9】______ can mean welcome and farewell while scratching your head may indicate that you are【T10】______. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are【T11】______. Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a secret. That's why we say that gestures are culture-bound.

我的工作是负责旅客安全。

陕西菜虽然没有名列全国的八大菜系之一，但作为千年古都、历史名城，餐饮风格自成一体，具有浓郁的地方特色。陕西饮食，凭借着历史古都的优势，挖掘继承历代宫廷美食之技艺，博采全国各地之精华，以品种繁多、地方风味各异、古色古香古韵而著称。至今很多都保留周、秦、汉、唐等十多个王朝的遗风。比如，关中石子馍就保留先民的石烹遗风；家喻户晓的臊子面在唐代叫长命面，是皇亲国戚庆祝寿辰的寿面。 最晚出现的柿子饼，算起来也有着400年的历史。特别是改革开放二十多年来，烹饪技术随科技腾飞而有了长足进步，涌现出数以百计的传统菜、创新菜。

无声即沉默。沉默有各种各样。 腹中空泛，思想一片苍白，故无言可发，这是沉默。热情已如柴薪尽燃，故而冷漠处世，无喜无悲，无忧无愤，对人世的一切都失去兴趣和欲望，这也是沉默。有过爱，有过恨，有过迷茫，有过颖悟，有过一呼百应的呐喊，有过得不到回报的呼唤，然而却守口如瓶，只是平静地冷眼看世界，这是沉默。饱经忧患，阅尽人生百态，胸有千山万壑的屐痕，有江河湖海的涛声，然而却深思不语，这也是沉默。 一把价值连城的意大利小提琴，和一只被随手削出的芦笛，不去触动它们，便都是沉默，但沉默的内涵却并不一样，即便永远不再有人去触动它们，你依然可以想象听见它们可能发出的决然不同的鸣响。一块莹洁无瑕的美玉，和一块粗糙的土砖，放在那里也都是沉默。然而谁能把它们所代表的内容划一个等号呢?

六十整岁望七十岁如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。又想八十岁是难于上青天，可望不可及了。岂知八十岁又过了。老汉今年八十二矣。这是照传统算法，务虚不务实。现在不是提倡尊重传统吗? 老年多半能悟道。孔子说“天下有道”。老子说“道可道”。《圣经》说“太初有道”。佛教说“邪魔外道”。我老了，不免胡思乱想，胡说八道，自觉悟出一条真理：老年是广阔天地，是可以大有作为的。 七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本清张，从前哪能拜读?现在可以了。随看随忘，便扔在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。

Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are especially suited with making raisins.

Passage Three