How to Choose a College?I. Student-faculty ratio— The lower the ratios, the more【T1】_____ you will get【T1】______— Healthy ratio is【T2】_____ or lower【T2】______II. Financial aid—【T3】_____ of students receiving grant aid【T3】______— Average amount of grant aid—【T4】_____ colleges are more likely to offer significant grand aid【T4】______— Average amount of【T5】_____ students take【T5】______— Look for college where more grant aids are offeredIII. Internship and research opportunities— Possible opportunitiesa)【T6】_____【T6】______b)Independent undergraduate research fundsc)【T7】_____ from companies and organisations【T7】______d)Summer work from【T8】______【T8】______—【T9】_____ engineering and sciences【T9】______IV.【T10】______【T10】______— No need to be【T11】_____ or gimmicky【T11】______— Exiting courses— Reasonable core courses— Strong【T12】_____ to help with the transition【T12】______— Room for【T13】______【T13】______— Courses intended cover your interested areaV. Clubs and activities—【T14】_____ of the activities is unimportant【T14】______— Different campuses have different personalities— Outside-class activities of your interests【T15】_____ your campus life【T15】______

夜是安静的，然而也是生动的。狗儿活跃起来了，它们悄然无声地沿着院子围墙跑着，不时地停下来支支耳朵，细察来自远近的一切动静，履行保卫主人的职责。鼠儿活跃起来了，不放过任何机会往窝里拉拽着大意的人们没有安放好的食物，尽量避免发出任何声响。猫儿也活跃起来了，它们藏好了身子，然而耳朵和眼睛都在紧张地工作着，伺机捕捉这些夜里活动的窃贼。

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest wethink that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar and【S1】______Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins' interpretationfor why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that【S2】______assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudicecould be reexamined, and that explanations for the different【S3】______treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by【S4】______arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants wasimproving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the Handlins【S5】______contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objectionsfor this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately【S6】______demonstrate that the White servant's position was improving duringand after the 1660s; some act of the Maryland and Virginia【S7】______legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins'interpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of【S8】______legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It istrue before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But【S9】______this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins' argument includes the real【S10】______possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.

“那么，过一会爸爸趴在床上当马，让你骑上玩打仗，好不好?”

The following two excerpts are about artificial intelligence or AI, an old technology with recent progress, thanks to Deep Learning—a new way of algorism. From the excerpts, you can find that AI has a wide application in many fields but there have also been doubt and criticism. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize the different responses to AI, and then 2. express your opinion towards AI, especially whether the worries about it are justified. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt March of the Machines It was not quite a whitewash, but it was close. When DeepMind, a London-based artificial intelligence (AI) company challenged Lee Sedol to a five-game Go match, Mr Lee—one of the best human players of that ancient and notoriously taxing board game—confidently predicted that he would win 5 - 0, or maybe 4 -1. He was right about the score, but wrong about the winner. The match, played in Seoul to crowds on the edges of their seats and streamed to millions online, was won by the computer, four games to one. Ever since Garry Kasparov, a chess grandmaster, lost to a computer in 1997, Go—which is far harder for machines—has been an unconquered frontier. AlphaGo's win demonstrates the power of "deep learning" , an AI technique being used by firms such as Google, Amazon and Baidu for everything from face-recognition to serving advertisements on websites. As the name implies, deep learning allows computers to extract patterns from masses of data with little human hand-holding. Given enough data, "deep" neural networks, modelled on the brain's architecture, can be trained to do all kinds of things. They power Google's search engine, Facebook's automatic photo tagging, Apple's voice assistant, and Amazon's shopping recommendations. " What got people excited about artificial intelligence is that deep learning can be applied to so many different domains," says John Giannandrea, head of machine-intelligence research at Google. Google is using AI to boost the quality of its web-search results, understand commands spoken into smartphones, help people search their photos for particular images, and suggest automatic answers to e-mails. Excerpt Worries over AI After many false dawns, AI has made extraordinary progress in the past few years. But this rapid progress has also led to concerns about safety and job losses. Experts warn that " the substitution of machinery for human labor" may "render the population redundant". They worry that "the discovery of this mighty power" has come "before we knew how to employ it rightly". Such fears are expressed today by those who worry that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) could destroy millions of jobs and pose a " Terminator"-style threat to humanity. A widely cited study by Carl Benedikt Frey and Mocjael Osborne of Oxford University, published in 2013, found that 47% of jobs in America were at high risk of being substituted by computer capital soon. More recently Bank of America Merrill Lynch predicted that by 2025 the annual creative disruption impact from AI could amount to $ 12 trillion - 33 trillion, including a $ 9 trillion reduction in employment costs thanks to Al-enabled automation of knowledge work. Besides the threat AI may impose on workers, there are other ethical worries. The most alarming scenario is of rogue AI turning evil, as seen in countless sci-fi films. Even Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and others still wonder whether AI could get out of control, precipitating a sci-fi conflict between people and machines. They signed an open letter calling for research to ensure that AI systems are "robust and beneficial"—i. e., do not turn evil. Few would disagree that AI needs to be developed in ways that benefit humanity but agreement on how to go about it is harder to reach.

PASSAGE TWO

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Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish light from dark.

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"You are the salt of the earth." This figure of speech is plain and pungent. Salt is savory, purifying, preservative. It is one of those superfluities which the great French wit defined as "things that are very necessary". A bag of salt, among the barbarous tribes, was worth more than a man. The Jews prized it especially, because their religion laid particular emphasis on cleanliness, and because salt was largely used in their sacrifices. Christ chose an image which was familiar, when he said to his disciples, "You are the salt of the earth. "This was his conception of their mission, their influence. They were to cleanse and sweeten the world in which they lived, to keep it from decay, to give a new and more wholesome flavor to human existence. Their function was not to be passive, but active. The sphere of its action was to be this present life. There is no use in saving salt for heaven. It will not be needed there. Its mission is to permeate, season, and purify things on earth. Men of privilege without power are waste material. Men of enlightenment without influence are the poorest kind of rubbish. Men of intellectual and moral and religious culture, who are not active forces for good in society, are not worth what it costs to produce and keep them. If they pass for Christians they are guilty of obtaining respect under false pretenses. They were meant to be the salt of the earth. And the first duty of salt is to be salty. This is the subject on which I want to speak to you today. The saltiness of salt is the symbol of a noble, powerful, truly religious life. You college students are men of privilege. It costs ten times as much, in labor and care and money, to bring you out where you are today, as it costs to educate the average man, and a hundred times as much as it costs to raise a boy without any education. This fact brings you face to face with a question: Are you going to be worth your salt? You have had mental training, and plenty of instruction in various branches of learning. You ought to be full of intelligence. You have had moral discipline, and the influences of good example have been steadily brought to bear upon you. You ought to be full of principle. You have had religious advantages and abundant inducements to choose the better part. You ought to be full of faith. What are you going to do with your intelligence, your principle, your faith? It is your duty to make active use of them for the seasoning, the cleansing, the saving of the world. Don't be sponges. Be the salt of the earth. Think, first, of the influence for good which men of intelligence may exercise in the world, if they will only put their culture to the right use. Half the troubles of mankind come from ignorance—ignorance which is systematically organized with societies for its support and newspapers for its dissemination-ignorance which consists less in not knowing things, than in willfully ignoring the things that are already known. There are certain physical diseases which would go out of existence in ten years if people would only remember what has been learned. There are certain political and social plagues which are propagated only in the atmosphere of shallow self-confidence and vulgar thoughtlessness. There is a yellow fever of literature specially adapted and prepared for the spread of shameless curiosity, incorrect information, and complacent idiocy among all classes of the population. Persons who fall under the influence of this pest become so triumphantly ignorant that they cannot distinguish between news and knowledge. They develop a morbid thirst for printed matter, and the more they read the less they learn. They are fit soil for the bacteria of folly and fanaticism. Now the men of thought, of cultivation, of reason, in the community ought to be an antidote to these dangerous influences. Having been instructed in the lessons of history and science and philosophy they are bound to contribute their knowledge to the service of society. As a rule they are willing enough to do this for pay, in the professions of law and medicine and teaching and divinity. What I plead for today is the wider, nobler, unpaid service which an educated man renders to society simply by being thoughtful and by helping other men to think. Think, in the second place, of the duty which men of moral principle owe to society in regard to the evils which corrupt and degrade it. Of the existence of these evils we need to be reminded again and again, just because we are comparatively clean and decent and upright people. Men who live an orderly life are in great danger of doing nothing else. We wrap our virtue up in little bags of respectability and keep it in the storehouse of a safe reputation. But if it is genuine virtue it is worthy of a better purpose than that. It is fit, nay, it is designed and demanded, to be used as salt, for the purifying of human life.

中华民族繁衍生息在中国这块土地上，各民族相互融合，具有强大的的凝聚力，形成了崇尚统一、维护统一的价值观念。

(1)Considering how jazz is transcribed in Chinese (jueshi), you may be misled into assuming that it is an aristocratic cultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It originated among black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very bottom of the American social heap. (2)So how has something that was created by a once downtrodden and despised minority acquired a central place in today's American culture? Perhaps the essence of America is that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that might be. After thinking about it for a while, we might chuckle and say, "Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought." Certainly things like individualism, success (the "American Dream"), innovation and tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to work with one another and find common purpose no matter how diverse we might be. (3)Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz captures the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual brilliance that can't take place without the group efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental way. It is an expression of the African roots of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans that came to dominate much of what is American. (4)That's right, in many respects America's roots are in Africa. Read Ralph Ellison's perceptive description of the transformation of separate African and European cultures at the hands of the slaves: (5)"... the dancing of those slaves who, looking through the windows of a plantation manor house from the yard, imitated the steps so gravely performed by the masters within and then added to them their own special flair, burlesquing the white folks and then going on to force the steps into a choreography u-niquely their own. The whites, looking out at the activity in the yard, thought that they were being flattered by imitation and were amused by the incongruity of tattered blacks dancing courtly steps, while missing completely the fact that before their eyes a European cultural form was becoming Americanized, undergoing a metamorphosis through the mocking activity of a people partially sprung from Africa." Jazz brought together elements from Africa and Europe, fusing them into a new culture, an expression unique to the Americas. (6)Out of this fusion came an idea that we Americans believe central to our identity: tolerance. Both cultures represented in Ellison's passage eventually came to realize each other's value. Americans acknowledge that in diversity is our strength. We learn every day that other cultures and peoples may make valuable contributions to our way of life. Jazz music is the embodiment of this ideal, combining elements from African and European culture into a distinctly American music. (7)Jazz reflects two contradictory facets of American life. On the one hand it is a team effort, where every musician is completely immersed in what the group does together, listening to each of the other players and building on their contributions to create a musical whole. On the other hand, the band features a soloist who is an individual at the extreme, a genius like Charlie Parker who explores musical territory where no one has ever gone before. In the same sense, American life is also a combination of teamwork and individualism, a combination of individual brilliance with the ability to work with others.

这地方是个长潭的转折处，两岸是高大壁立千丈的山，山头上长着小小竹子，长年翠色逼人。这时节两山只剩余一抹深黑，赖天空微明勾画出一个轮廓。但在黄昏里看来如一种奇迹的，都是两岸高处去水已三千丈上下的吊脚楼。这些房子莫不俨然悬挂在半空中，借着黄昏的余光，还可以把这些稀奇的楼房形体看得出个大略。……这地方既好看，也好玩。

Both at home and abroad, more people are turning to crowd funding sites to ask friends, and friends of friends, for help with medical bills, accident costs and much more. An estimated $2.8 billion was raised by all types of crowdfunding websites last year globally. The following article provides more details on this phenomenon. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment. Crowdfunding isn't just for businessman anymore; it's moving into all kinds of other spheres, from startups to research to personal causes. And increasingly, people felled by illness or injury are using these sites to raise money for their health care. One site that's capitalized on personal-cause crowd funding is GoFundMe. CEO Brad Damphousse says last year alone, the site's users have raised more than $6 million for medical causes, and Medical, Illness the rest will go toward any medical expenses Soudani incurs that aren't covered by public assistance. One reason Damphousse thinks strangers help each other on his site is that people like to see the direct impact of their dollars. "If you're donating to a big nonprofit, you don't know exactly how your money will be utilized, but on our site you might be thanked personally by the recipient," says Damphousse. But are these sites ripe for fraud? "We do have cheaters signing up," Damphousse admits. He has an internal team that vets every page, looking for hucksters, and shuts them down. One user of GoFundMe managed to fool the company—along with his friends and family—and raised $2,000 around a false claim that he had cancer. The site also encourages transparency by revealing the email account associated with the payment account. Potential donors can also see who else has donated lately. Medical institutions are getting into the crowd funding spirit, too. As Business Week has reported, the Rare Genomics Institute is helping children with mysterious illnesses solicit money online to pay for the sequencing of their genes.

Evolution of the English LanguageI. LEXICON— The vocabulary of English is immense and【T1】_____【T1】______— The sequence of adopting new vocabulary into EnglishLatin words→Norse words→【T2】______→Greek and Latin【T2】______— New ideas also created the need for new words【T3】_____: borrowed words from Latin for merchant-trading【T3】______Government: borrowed words from French—【T4】_____ bring in new words【T4】______II. GRAMMAR— The English case system was【T5】_____ after Norman Conquest【T5】______— Grammar changes were much【T6】_____than lexicon【T6】______— Invented in 17th century and borrowed Latin rules— Standard English: universal rules of grammar— Even Standard English rules do not remain【T7】_____【T7】______Example: it is now acceptable or necessary toa)end in a(n)【T8】_____【T8】______b)begin with a coordinating conjunctionc)use a(n)【T9】_____ between the second to last item in a series【T9】______III. SEMANTICS— Dictionaries give meanings and a brief account of the word's etymology— Etymology helps us understand how the semantics【T10】_____【T10】______Example:a)"sinister" used to mean "on the left", today it means "【T11】_____"【T11】______b)"hot" and "cool" now describe temperatureor being attractive or【T12】_____【T12】______IV.【T13】_____【T13】______— Example of black English Features:a)elimination of "1" sound and substitution of "w" soundb)often drop【T14】_____ at the end of words【T14】______Reason:African-Americans applied【T15】_____ rules of phonics【T15】______to English words

Language and culture are not fundamentally inseparable. At the most basic level, language is a method of expressing ideas. That is, language is communication; while usually verbal, language can also be visual(via signs and symbols), or semiotics(via hand orbody gestures). Culture, on the other hand, is a special set of【S1】______ideas, practices, customs and beliefs which make up a functioning society as distinct. A culture must have at most one language, which it uses as a【S2】______distinct media of communication to convey its defining ideas,【S3】______customs, beliefs, et al. , from one member of the culture to any【S4】______member. Cultures can develop multiple languages, or " borrow"languages from other cultures to use; not all of such languages are【S5】______co-equal in the culture. One of the major defining characteristics ofculture is which language is the primary means of communication in【S6】______that culture; sociologists and anthropologists draw lines among【S7】______similar cultures heavily based on the prevalent language usage. Languages, on the other hand, can be developed(or evolve)apart from its originated culture. Certain language has scope for【S8】______cross-cultural adaptations and communication, and may not actuallybe part of some culture. Additionally, many languages are used by【S9】______different cultures(that is, the same language can be used in several cultures). Language is heavily influenced by culture—as cultures comeout with new ideas, they develop language components to express【S10】______those ideas. The reverse is also true: the limits of a language can define what is expressible in a culture(that is, the limits of a language can prevent certain concepts from being part of a culture).

不同地域、不同时代的情诗，有着多么差异的传统!男女相爱到处都是一样的，但不同的文化表达这种感情似乎各有各的特异方式。诗人也就曾用不同的方式去书写。古希腊、罗马的情诗写得那么暴露、那么热情，致使欧洲文化继承者读之脸红，对传统的中国读者来说，很可能也会如此。对于整个欧洲文学有过深远影响的南欧行吟诗人们则极端偏爱于描写铁石心肠的忠贞淑女，她们一方面残酷地拒绝可怜的求爱者，另一方面却又执着地要求这些不幸的人儿对她们表示出忠贞不渝的爱情。

从50年代开始传统文学一直受鄙视。现在又提“解构”“全球化”都是西方的东西。但新东西还是在旧东西基础上演化出来的。像现在总提的 纳米 (nano)杯子、纳米茶叶，东西还是老的陶瓷，是将老东西变成了新形态。现在提传统的经典是否重要，让我想起一位老先生的儿子说起想回国的事情。他说在美国下一代中国人没有中国味儿，出去的中国人又满身匠气，只会作研究，不能代表中华文化，没有深广的底蕴。