单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups ______.

单选题Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain all the following elements EXCEPT A. complement. B. head. C. specifier. D. affix.

单选题Question 9-10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.

单选题{{I}} Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} Replying to our Christmas "good guru guide", Peter Drunker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word "guru" had become popular only because "charlatan" was too long a word for most headlines. Few people are easier to ridicule than management gums. Irrepressible self-publicists and slavish fashion-merchants, they make a splendid living out of recycling other people's ideas ("chaos management"), coining euphemisms ("downsizing") and laboring the obvious ("managing by wandering around" or the customer is king"). Their books draw heavily on particular case studies—often out-of-date ones that have nasty knack of collapsing later. And their ideas change quickly. Tom Peters, once a self-confessed sycophant to the corporate behemoth, is now an apostle of the small, chaotic, "virtual" organization. Gurus do have their uses, however. Begin with the circumstantial evidence. In America, where management theories are treated with undue reverence, business is bouncing back. In Germany, where business schools hardly exist and management theory is widely seen as an oxymoron, many companies are in trouble. German business magazines are suddenly brimming with articles about "downsizing" and "business process re-engineering". In Japan firms are once again turning to business theories from America—just as their fathers learnt after the Second World War from American quality-control techniques. Coincidence does not prove causation: American firms were just as much in love with gurus when they ware doing badly. But the fact that Germans and Japanese are paying attention again does offer some dues. The most important point in favor of management theories is that they are on the side of change. In 1927 a group of psychologists studying productivity at Western Electric's Hawthorne factory in Illinois found that workers increased their output whenever the level of lighting was changed, up or down. At the very least, theorists can make change easier by identifying problems, acting as scapegoats for managers—or simply making people think. A vested interest in change can lead to faddism. But, taken with a requisite dose of scepticism, it can be fine complacency-shaker. A second argument for gurus relates to knowledge. The best management theorists collect a lot of information about what makes firms successful. This varies from the highly technical, such as how to discount future cash flow, to softer organizational theories. Few would dispute the usefulness of the first. It is in the second area—the land of "flat hierarchies' and "multi-functional teams"—that gums have most often stumbled against or contradicted each other. This knowledge is not obviously prodding a strategic recipe for success: there are too many variables in business, and if all competitors used the same recipe it would automatically cease to work. But it does provide something managers want: information about, and understanding of, other companies experience in trying out tactics—thinner management structures, handing power to workers, performance-related pay, or whatever. A good analogy may be with diets. There is no such thing as the "correct" diet, but it is clear that some foods, in some quantities, axe better for you than others: and it is also likely that the main virtue of following a diet is not what you eat but the fact that it forces you to think about it. If management diets come with a lot of hype and some snake-oil, so be it.

单选题 While Washington policymakers debate how best to stem the obesity epidemic across the nation, many of us are struggling with how to deal with the obesity epidemic in our own homes. A third of all youngsters are now overweight or obese, well on their way to joining the two thirds of adults whose weight also tips the scales at unhealthy levels. Potential solutions are at least as controversial in America's kitchens as the single-payer plan is on Capitol Hill. Should we ration chips and soda? Or kick the kids outdoors so they get at least a minimum level of physical activity every day? Do we clear the pantry of junk food? Or all of the above? Now a new study by researchers at the University of Buffalo suggests an even more radical idea: banning fat friends from eating together. Sarah-Jeanne Salvy, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the university's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and her colleagues found that fat kids consume significantly more calories when they chow down with friends who are also overweight than when they cat with lean friends. In the study, published in the August issue of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers randomly paired 23 overweight and 42 normal-weight children between the ages of 9 and 15 with either a friend or a kid they did not know. There were 33 friend pairs and 39 stranger pairs. Each pair of kids spent 45 minutes in a room that contained puzzles, games, and bowls of both healthy snacks (in this case, baby carrots and grapes) and calorie-rich treats (potato chips and cookies). The kids could eat as much as they wanted, but only from their own bowls. The researchers monilored the youngsters on closed-circuit TV. Afterward they weighed the uneaten snacks to figure out how many calories the kids had consumed. The results showed that in general, friends who ate together took in more calories than youngsters who were unfamiliar with their partner. That was true for both fat and thin kids. Not surprisingly, overweight kids ate more than lean kids.whether or not they were paired with a friend. And they ate even more when they were paired with another overweight youngstcr.fhe greatest number of calories was consumed by two overweight friends caring together in what Sah.~ describes as a kind of synergistic effect."Being friends increased food intake.being ovcrwcight and caring with an overweight person increased caring, and when you combined those, the overweight friends were eating about 700 calories, " Salvy says. (The lean kids consumed several hundred fewer calories. ) And, she points out, this is snack food — which means they were consuming a good chunk of their daily calories in that one sitting. The effect of friends on food intake is an increasingly interesting subject to researchers. In 2007, a highly publicized study in The New England Journal of Medicine found that when a person becomes obese, his or her friends increase their own risk of obesity by 57 percent. The greatest influence was among close friends. In fact, Salvy thinks that a normal-weight child is more likely to be a positive influence on a fat youngster than the other way around. "The overweight kid who cats with the lean kid is going to eat less, "she says, because such kids are aware of the stigma against obesity and" they are becoming more self-conscious. They don't want to be seen as a pig. " But what about two fat kids? Should they stay away Irom each other just as recovering alcoholics tend to stay away from drinkers? No, says Salvy — basically because overweight youngsters have enough social problems without adding ostracism to the list. A fat child "might have only a few friends, so I don't want to isolate those kids, "she says. And research shows that isolation could exacerbate their bad eating habits. "We do have some data showing that overweight kids... eat more when they arc alone than when they are with other people, " she says (that's also true for women). Instead, Salvy advises parents to focus on the dynamic bctween the friends by helping their child bea good example for the other youngster. Serve healthy meals at home, and encourage your youngster to become more physically active. But be positive; nagging won't help. "If one of the kids starts changing." she says. "chunces are the other kid is going to model those behaviors." None of this is easy, of course. Getting kids to cat right and exercise is at least as complicated as finding the solution to the health-care crisis in Washington. Salvy is now studying how parents affect their youngsters' eating behavior.

单选题A statement NOT made or implied in the passage is that ______.

单选题The Philadelphia rapper Cassidy _____.

单选题{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} Paris: Thanks to a French insurance company, brides and bridegrooms with cold feet no longer face financial disaster from a canceled wedding. For a small premium, they can take out a policy protecting them from love gone away or anything else that threatens to rain on their big day. Despite France's economic woes, the amount of money spent on weddings is rising 5-10 per cent a year. And people in the Paris region now dish out an average of 60,000 francs on tying the knot. But life is unpredictable and non-refundable, so French insurers have stepped in to ease the risk, finding their own little niche in the business of love. They join colleagues in Britain, where insurers say wedding cancellation policies have been around for about a decade. About 5 per cent of insured weddings there never make it to the altar. Indeed, better safe than sorry. "Obviously there are some who are superstitious, but in general people like the idea," said Jacqueline Loeb, head of a Parisian insurance company. In the past six weeks, she has sold 15 policies at a premium of about 3 per cent of the amount a client wants to be insured for. These careful customers, she said, have included a man who was worried his fiancee would have an allergic attack on her wedding day and a woman whose future mother-in-law was gravely ill. The policy covers those and other nuptial impediments: an accident that forces a cancellation of a wedding, an unexpected change of venue for the reception, damage caused at it, and even honeymoons that don't happen. As for the ultimate deal-breaker, cold feet, they are also insured-but only until eight days before the ceremony. British insurers, however, said they wouldn't touch that clause with a stick. Steve Warner, sales director of Insure Expo-Sure in London, says the six policies he sells each week in the wedding season protect against things like damaged wedding dresses, illness and death, but not changes of heart." Disinclination to marry is not covered," he said. Ms Loed, who says hers is the only French agency offering wedding policies, said she started the service last December. A chateau outside Paris that hosts receptions was taking a beating from last-minute cancellations, and approached Ms Loed to see if there wasn't some way of protecting itself. She obliged, then started advertising with caterers and wedding departments in large department stores, and the idea has taken off nicely." We respond to a need," she said.

单选题 Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.

单选题{{I}} Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news iron, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}TEXT E{{/B}} Whimsical Nature endowed the Moncton region in Southeastern New Brunswick with an enviable bonanza of oddities. On the seashore at Hopewell Cape, strange reddish rock formations rise like giant Polynesian heads eighty feet in the air-monuments sculpted by tides and winds and frost over countless centuries to fill the aboriginal Indians with awe and inspire their legends. The high domes of some statues are thatched with balsam fir and dwarf black spruce, which always prompts children to ask how the trees got up there. At Demoiselle Creek a few miles from Hillsborough is a subterranean lake of undetermined size, low-roofed by dripping stone icicles. The white gypsum floor of the lake emerges startlingly visible through the clear water. To step into the cavern entrance on a hot summer day is like unexpectedly walking into a cold storage plant. When you first glimpse the Peticodiac River at Moncton you may wonder why it is called a river as there is only a little trickling brook to be seen while the billowy, chocolate- blancmange banks are bare of water. And then, suddenly, the missing water comes into view-a veritable tidal wave as high as five feet, fanning up the empty river bed at eight miles an hour, like surf cresting up an endless beach. What causes this? The rapidly swelling Fundy tide is dammed temporarily by shoals at the river's mouth. When at last it overcomes these obstacles, the triumphant tide drives inland with inexorable momentum, sweeping everything before it. More than one oil prospector, intently examining the shale in the exposed river bed, has been trapped by the incoming tidal bore, picked up bodily, tossed head over feet a few times and then flung up on the muddy embankment like a devoured morsel. But if I had to pick a favorite natural phenomenon it would be the Magnetic Hill. This is perhaps understandable under the circumstances, which date back to a June day in 1933 ... and how three young newspapermen recognized a story but failed to recognize a fortune. Often the night staff of The Telegraph-Journal in Saint John had heard pressroom superintendent, Alex Ellison tell a curious anecdote. It was about a clergyman early in this century, who was bringing children home from a picnic. He stopped his touring car at the foot of a hill during a rainstorm to put up the side flaps. To the good man's amazement, his car started to coast up the hill by itself-"the most astonishing thing I ever experienced," the cleric related. He had to spring after it and jump in. The unbelievable episode seemed so well vouched for that three of us decided one night to try to locate the hill. We knew, of course, this was a fool's errand. Only a fool would think otherwise. It was an ambitious project in those days even to think of driving one hundred miles to Moncton over rutty dirt roads in a tiny open 1931 Ford Roadster ... John Bruce, a former engineer, had brought his surveying instruments just in case .... Now began the frustrating process of trying one hill after another, on every country road within a radius of ten miles of Moncton. We attracted quite a lot of attention. Every time John Bruce halted the car at the base of a grade and put it into neutral, nothing happened. But we could see lace curtains being pulled back in farmhouse windows, and occasionally we'd glimpse a nose or a pair of raised eyebrows. It must have looked like the end of quite a party, or the start of one. Once a passing farmer herding some cows called out: "Need any help?" "No," was the reply. "We're just waiting to see if the car will coast up the hill!" The farmer kept looking back over his shoulder all the way to the next field. Three weary modern explorers were ready to give up around 11 A. m. We were down to our last hill-a former Indian trail that became a wagon road, on a two hundred yard gradual rise leading up toward Lutes Mountain. Then it happened. The car, in neutral, began coasting "uphill"-slowly at first, then faster. Elated, we all jumped out and almost let the roadster get away on us. Any thought of magnetism immediately evaporated when John Bruce noticed the water in the ditch was running "uphill" too. It was not difficult, from this premise, to realize that the whole down-sloping countryside was tilted-that the seeming phenomenon was due simply to the fact that what appeared to be an upgrade for two hundred yards was really a downgrade .... Magnetic Hill has become a New Brunswick institution.... One Torontonian comes back every year and claims the electric currents help his arthritis. A Californian insists he can sense the magnetism in his bones and has to use conscious force to focus his eyes. He knowingly asks: "Where do you keep the magnets?" Another American contends he can feel the nails being drawn out of his shoe-so Magnetic Hill is unquestionably sitting atop great unexploited iron ore deposits. Still another declares that as he walks up the hill he can feel his eyeballs being pulled. If he does, somebody walking right behind him must be pulling them, because there is no magnetism in the hill....

单选题Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the News.

单选题The Gift of the Magi was written by A. Theodore Dreiser. B. O' Henry. C. William Faulkner. D. Mark Twain.

单选题What is the general tone of the author in this passage?

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单选题______is the largest single employer of labor in the U. K.

单选题Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the News.

单选题A morpheme is a two-facet language unit, which possesses both