George Washington Carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops.

流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。“子在江上曰：逝者如斯夫。” 他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。

(1) After thirty years of married happiness, he could still remind himself that Victoria was endowed with every charm except the thrilling touch of human frailty. Though her perfection discouraged pleasures, especially the pleasures of love, he had learned in time to feel the pride of a husband in her natural frigidity. For he still clung, amid the decay of moral platitudes, to the discredited ideal of chivalry. In his youth the world was suffused with the after-glow of the long Victorian age, and a graceful feminine style had softened the manners, if not the natures, of men. At the end of that interesting epoch, when womanhood was exalted from a biological fact into a miraculous power, Virginius Littlepage, the younger son of an old and affluent family, had married Victoria Brooke, the grand-daughter of a tobacco planter, who had made a satisfactory fortune by forsaking his plantation and converting tobacco into cigarettes. While Virginius had been trained by stern tradition to respect every woman who had not stooped to folly, the virtue peculiar to her sex was among the least of his reasons for admiring Victoria. She was not only modest, which was usual in the nineties, but she was beautiful, which is unusual in any decade. (2) In the beginning of their acquaintance he had gone even further and ascribed intellect to her; but a few months of marriage had shown this to be merely one of the many delusions created by perfect features and noble expression. Everything about her had been smooth and definite, even the tones of her voice and the way her light brown hair, which she wore la Pompadour, was rolled stiffly back from her forehead and coiled in a burnished rope on the top of her head. (3) A serious young man, ambitious to attain a place in the world more brilliant than the secluded seat of his ancestors, he had been impressed at their first meeting by the compactness and precision of Victoria's orderly mind. For in that earnest period the minds, as well as the emotions, of lovers were orderly. It was an age when eager young men flocked to church on Sunday morning, and eloquent divines discoursed upon the Victorian poets in the middle of the week. He could afford to smile now when he recalled the solemn Browning class in which he had first lost his heart. How passionately he had admired Victoria's virginal features! How fervently he had envied her competent but caressing way with the poet! (4) Incredible as it seemed to him now, he had fallen in love with her while she recited from the more ponderous passages in The Ring and the Book. He had fallen in love with her then, though he had never really enjoyed Browning, and it had been a relief to him when the Unseen, in company with its illustrious poet, had at last gone out of fashion. Yet, since he was disposed to admire all the qualities he did not possess, he had never ceased to respect the firmness with which Victoria continued to deal in other forms with the Absolute. (5) As the placid years passed, and she came to rely less upon her virginal features, it seemed to him that the ripe opinions of her youth began to shrink and flatten as fruit does that has hung too long on the tree. She had never changed, he realized, since he had first known her; she had become merely riper, softer, and sweeter in nature. (6) Her advantage rested where advantage never fails to rest, in moral fervor. To be invariably right was her single wifely failing. For his wife, he sighed, with the vague unrest of a husband whose infidelities are imaginary, was a genuinely good woman. She was as far removed from pretence as she was from the posturing virtues that flourish in the credulous world of the drama. The pity of it was that even the least exacting husband should so often desire something more piquant than goodness.

还历史以真实，还生命以过程——这就是人类的大明智。当然，并非所有的废墟都值得留存，否则地球将会伤痕斑斑。废墟是古代派往现代的使节，经过历史的挑剔和筛选。废墟是祖辈曾经发动过的壮举，会聚着当时的力量和精粹。废墟是一个磁场，一极古代，一极现代，心灵的罗盘在这里感应强烈。失去了磁力就失去了废墟的生命，它很快就会被人们淘汰。

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An ancient Greek philosopher once wrote that laughter is what makes us human—that it defines us as【T1】______. Much more recent developments in biology and【T2】______ suggest that not only humans but also【T3】______ laugh: nonetheless, laughter is one of the most important aspects of human social life and【T4】______. Laughter starts very soon after【T5】______ —almost as soon as crying—and it serves many different【T6】______ functions, from sharing our joy to intimidating and insulting other people. In many parts of the world, making other people laugh is considered a great gift, and【T7】______ has always been a vital part of culture and art—perhaps precisely because of the complex, significant role of laughter in everyday life.

All over the world, various kinds of tests are used to indicate a person's knowledge of a subject. Are grades a good indicator and determining factor of people's, especially students' knowledge? Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions on this issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Cathy (the US) I would say that not all grading systems are equal and I have my fair share of complaints against standardized testing, as well as grade curves. However, I do believe the grades of specific testing material are indicative of your understanding of the material. Now when I say test, I do not only mean paper or multiple choice. It can take many forms such as physical activities, speeches, or traditional tests to show people's abilities. After that they should get a grade as feedback on their knowledge.Duke (Australia) Grades do not necessarily translate directly to intelligence, but they do generally represent a student's effort and consistency. A student who consistently gets good grades, at the very least, applies themselves to their schoolwork, while a student that consistently gets poor grades either clearly does not understand material or does not put forth an appropriate effort. So grades must have some correlation with intelligence. There may be exceptions to this rule, but an intelligent student will generally understand the importance of good grades.Johonny (Italy) It depends on the grading method. If those grades are based on some sort of holistic approach, then it is Ok. It is entirely unfair to say that grades on a 4-answer multiple choice assignment directly translate to knowledge. For all one knows, that person could have been a lucky guesser or a good test-taker. However, if the grade is given based on a short answer or essay type assignment, those grades would be more correlated with one's knowledge on a subject because it requires that person not only to give the "correct" answer but also to explain it thoroughly.Mary (Britain) GPA does not equal the level of intelligence. Grades are not a good indicator of intelligence because some students copy answers from friends, some teachers give easy work and random grades. Not always does a lazy student equal an unintelligent student, and not always does a student that turns in work equal an intelligent one.Dorothy (France) Grades can be a good indicator of a person's knowledge of a subject if the grade has been earned over a period of time through projects, reports or essays. Examinations are memory tests and are poor indicators of a person's knowledge. It is easy to obtain previous years' papers, have some clues given to you by a teacher or learn enough about a subject to ace certain questions while not learning other fundamental knowledge of a subject. There is also the case of people becoming too nervous during an examination and suddenly forgetting important knowledge, only for it to return when they leave the room. I will always believe that an in-depth report or essay that has been worked on over a long period of time will indicate a person's knowledge more than a 2-hour exam on a subject.Tracy (the US) No, because they are unfair and they do not show what you have learned. Grades aren't a sign of learning, rather a sign of obeying. Americans today get quizzes and tests 24/7. Instead of doing projects and understanding concepts, we are simply forced to memorize rather than understand. Quizzes, tests, homework are NOT signs of learning and they are actively detrimental to learning in every way possible. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

但是，有一件事，出乎意料之外，使鲁迅对她发生了敬意，因为，她对孩子们能够讲述一些“长毛”(关于太平天国)的故事；又一件事，更使鲁迅对她发生了很大的敬意，那就是，她不知从什么地方替鲁迅找到了一部他日夜所渴望的绘图《山海经》。 鲁迅对于绘图《山海经》的渴望已不止一天了。这事是由和他家同住在这个台门里的远房叔祖玉田老人惹起来的。他是一个胖胖的和蔼的老人，爱种一点珠兰(chloranthus)、茉莉(jasmine)之类的花木。他在家里无人可以攀谈，所以就很喜欢和孩子们来往，有时简直称呼他们为“小友”。他的藏书很丰富，其中有一本叫《花镜》，上面印着许多好看的花草和树木，是一部孩子们最心爱的书。 但老人却说还有一部更好看的哩，那是绘图的《山海经》。

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Death penalty or not? That is a question facing judges who handle child-trafficking cases these days. Lately, calls on social media to hand down capital punishment to anyone involved in child trafficking triggered a heated debate on the appropriate punishment for such offenses. From the following excerpts, you can find that there seems to be a contradiction of opinions between netizens and jurists. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the opinions from both sides, and then 2. express your opinion towards this campaign, especially whether child traffickers should be sentenced to death.Excerpt 1 Lately, an appeal to institute the death penalty against all those convicted of child trafficking has gained a significant following online and launched a substantial debate on the subject. The campaign was initiated with a photo captioned: "China should change its legislation on child trafficking. People trafficking children should be sentenced to death. Why should they be given a second chance when the children they harmed don't get any?" In less than two days, the post has been viewed more than 1.5 million times on Weibo and has been shared by thousands of supporters on WeChat. A recent poll on Sina found that 88.3 percent of the more than 21,000 respondents were unsatisfied with China's crackdown on child trafficking with 92.5 percent recommending that the same punishment imposed on traffickers should also be applied to buyers in order to stop the lucrative trade in children. Chen Shiqu, director of the anti-human-trafficking office under the Criminal Investigation Department at the Ministry of Public Security, is well-known online as China's top official in charge of fighting human traffickers. Chen wrote in a micro blog that defendants in "major child-trafficking cases should be sentenced to death to deter such crimes". He said judicial authorities have handed down punishment to child traffickers, resulting in rampant occurrences of such crimes. "Appropriately using the death penalty on those who commit harmful crimes will effectively curb such crimes," he said.Excerpt 2 Not all law experts and lawyers agree that the death penalty is appropriate for all child traffickers. Gu Yongzhong, professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, argued that its effect would be limited "It doesn't mean that if we draft a special law to stipulate severe punishment, such as issuing death sentence, on traffickers, such crimes may dramatically decline," Gu said. Some are worried that sentencing all human traffickers to death would remove the difference of penalties for two groups of traffickers—those who trafficked children but didn't harm them, and those who hurt and even killed victims. Wang Jin, a graduate student majoring in criminal procedure laws at Renmin University of China, and a mother of a 2-year-old girl, said: "I personally hate child traffickers. But if the judicial authorities sentence them all to death, abducted children could fall into danger and the suspects may become so desperate that they seriously injury or even kill the children, which will make it harder for the police to arrest them." Zheng Kai, a Beijing criminal lawyer, said: "We can learn from other countries, where criminal offenses haven't risen although they abolished the death penally. Abolishing the death penalty is a worldwide trend."

How to Write a Thesis I . Introduction part—writing【T1】______after finishing the rest【T1】______—including a【T2】______at the beginning【T2】______—【T3】______previous research in this field【T3】______—other points1)an explanation of the【T4】______of the paper【T4】______2)enough background knowledge3)a proper【T5】______of the previous work【T5】______4)questions of the thesis5)the【T6】______of your work【T6】______6)guiding the reader verbally7)making it clear where your【T7】______starts【T7】______II. Method part—information of the【T8】______of your results【T8】______—information to【T9】______your experiment【T9】______—limitations,【T10】______, and range of validity, as well as description【T10】______of your methods III. Result part—【T11】______of observations【T11】______IV. Discussion part—starting with sentences that【T12】______the most important results【T12】______—being a(n)【T13】______in itself and answering necessary questions【T13】______—rich references of【T14】______work and background【T14】______—moving【T15】______material【T15】______

According to a recent survey of Chinese women, a majority of mothers born after 1990 want to be stay-at-home moms. Many women are aware of the challenges of motherhood, especially when they have to juggle a full-time job outside home. Which is worthwhile, being a full-time working or a stay-at-home mom? The following are opinions on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions: 2. give your comment Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.Catherine(China) I love being a stay-at-home mom. In the beginning it was truly rough for me from being a workaholic to staying at home. Yet, I did not want my child to face growing up with both parents at work. So after discussing it with my husband, we decided that I would be the one to stay at home. Now, our daughter is soon to be 3 years old, and has an amazing personality. It's not for everyone but it is very rewarding in the long run.Sassy(Canada) Taking care of children is a temporary job, and children will grow up and leave. The longer women are out of the workplace the harder it is to enter it. Women need to realize and accept that you do not want to be dependent on anyone for basic food, clothes or shelter. It has been hard to work and take care of my kids but I make it work.Cynthia(US) Some days I think we shouldn't give up our careers. And some days I'm jealous of the moms who get to stay home or at least work part time. I'm the breadwinner so that will never be an option for me. I have the career and title I've always wanted but now I can't help but think it's at the expense of precious time with my family.Celina(US) Being a stay-at-home mom isn't always easy, but it is worth it! I wouldn't trade staying at home with my kids for anything in the world. Being there with my children means they are getting the exact love and care I want them to have. We do not have a lot of money, but we've sacrificed to make it possible. The benefit for our children and our family, for us, outweighs any sacrifice.Brittany(UK) It never crossed my mind to be a stay-at-home parent. My mom was an amazing role model. If mom never works(out of the house like dad does)then what example does that set? Other than one day I can grow up and stay at home! Parents need to teach their kids work ethic. That simply can't happen if one parent is at home full time.LuvuJus(Australia) I am a working mom, with a 6 year old and a 3 year old boys. I treasure both my family life and work life. I am very competitive so working gives me confidence that I think makes me a "better" mom and role model to my 2 boys.Danireich(UK) I think what matters is happiness in whatever path that you've chosen. It really depends on what is best for you and your family. I am a stay-at-home mom and the main reason is it makes me happy to take care of my child and see them grow right before my eyes. I want to be there every time they need me and my love. I don't think working is best for me because I would not be able to concentrate and be productive at work thinking of my child. Everyone is different. The important thing is you're happy and won't regret your decision now and forever.

Human intelligence technology has been thriving over the past decade. Now, we have super-computers that even beat humans in go. Some experts say that one day computers will replace teachers in the classroom, believe it or not. The following article provides detailed information about this prediction. Read it carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment on whether computers will replace human teachers. Could Computers Ever Replace Teachers? In the early 1960s, Professor Donald Bitzer, an electrical engineer at the University of Illinois, was creating one of the world's first teaching machines. But with its growth came speculation and apprehension—could a computer replace a teacher? Fifty years on, this question is still being asked. Fiona Hollands, senior researcher at Columbia University's Teachers College, says computers are now being used for several distinct reasons in the classroom: they help face-to-face teacher instruction in "blended learning" models; they can be used to supplement educators in "hybrid" teaching models; and replace teachers in "virtual" classrooms. "A few states and districts have created their own virtual schools with Florida Virtual School being the best known," says Hollands, adding that a recent study claimed not only can students do just as well with this approach, but there may also be cost savings. In the US, Rocketship schools have cut overheads by introducing more online classes and employing fewer teachers. They have attracted global attention through their "blended learning" approach in which a quarter of a student's school day is taught by a computer. Teachers without credentials supervise online sessions while qualified teachers focus on critical thinking. Any savings are used to pay existing teachers more. Hollands argued that Rocketship schools provide a lower quality education to deprived children. He believes it is hard, for example, to work alone online if your English reading skills are weak and if you are easily distracted. Tricia Kelleher, principal of the Stephen Perse Foundation, warns that technology should not spell the end for teachers. Rather, it should be seen as a useful tool in the teacher's armoury. This May, Mitra did a Ted talk on the "school in the cloud" where he discussed his hole in the wall experiment. Mitra placed a computer in a kiosk in a Delhi slum and allowed children to use it freely. He found that many of them, lots who had never seen a computer, could teach themselves all on their own. "Teachers often ask me, am I going to lose my job? I say no because your job will get harder. It will become a different job. It will go from being a master standing at the front of class to a helpful friend at the back." He adds: "There will have to be a dramatic change to teacher programmes but we are no where near that yet." One thing that is going to change, however, is the need for teachers with technological skills. Jose Picardo, the assistant principal of Surbiton High school, says teachers who can use technology will replace those who cannot. He adds that tools like video now allow children to learn at any point, and teachers need to make the most of this.

The Internet has become such an integral part of our life that it seems almost impossible to think of days without it. Are you addicted to the Web? Will you be able to handle life without the Internet? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Those who can do without Magnetic1974 (the US) : I can live without the Internet as long as I want, and most of the time I use the Internet to write emails to my wife and friends, as well as look for jobs. The Internet is a good thing to play with, but it is not good if you are addicted. There are others things to do besides the Internet. Aziz (Bangladesh) : Very often I have to go to some rural places where there is no Internet connection. You can use a laptop with a modem. Nearby cities have it, but I want to find out what and who I am. I can read things that I don't read at home, like philosophy, history or selective stories. I can also talk with Chinese engineers about the ongoing development of the industry. I really don't feel bored without an Internet line.Those who can not BugaLugS (Australia) : I could live without the Internet, but would I want it? NO! Without the Internet I would need things like an office, a receptionist and an incredibly expensive phone bill for all the international calls I would be making. With the Internet, I'm free to travel practically anywhere around the world and still have everything at my fingertips. The Internet helps to give me a lifestyle I really enjoy. As long as I can get online, I can work. Vicky30 (the UK) : I cannot live without the Internet. One day when the Internet connection was down, I felt very irritated. I use it to send emails to my family and friends. I use it to chat online. I use it to play online games when I feel bored. I use it to earn money and download my favorite music and videos. Eva (the US) : Personally, I could survive without the Internet on average through other means such as hanging out with friends, playing video games (without going online) and drawing. However, after a while, I will definitely want to go back on. We humans who now live in the age of technology and have our lives run by electricity itself, could not possibly last forever without it. After all, the Internet is needed in stock markets, work areas such as offices and such. Without it, a lot of people would go insane due to their inability to do their jobs.Net-addict Jeffery (the US) : I have decided to start a new life, and spend as little time as possible online. The Internet could be fun but it also can ruin lives. I am an Internet addict and because of my addiction I have lost many friends and a real life. The Internet can be good, but not if you get addicted like me. I used to always avoid my friends in the past for the Internet, and it has consumed everything in my life. It makes you exercise less and gain weight. I used to be a school jock always playing high school competitive sports. I am now just gaining weight and wasting my life rotting away while I stay connected to the Internet. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

PASSAGE TWO

奥斯本名义上是个医生，但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。

我从小就对自己没有信心，这是问题的根子。这种情绪使我受到一点点表扬都会难为情，使我怎么也说不出一个“不”字，也使我不敢向父母多要一分钱。此外，这种缺乏的情况也影响了我对钢琴的热爱。

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我直到几十年以后，才体会到云彩更多，霞光才愈美丽。从云翳中外露的霞光，才是璀璨多彩的。 生命中不是只有快乐，也不是只有痛苦，快乐和痛苦是相生相成，互相衬托的。 快乐是一抹微云，痛苦是压城的乌云，这不同的云彩，在你生命的天边重叠着，在“夕阳无限好”的时候，就给你造成一个美丽的黄昏。 一个生命会到了“只是近黄昏”的时节，落霞也许会使人留恋、惆怅。但人类的生命是永不止息的。地球不停地绕着太阳自转，东方不亮西方亮。