Nowadays, having a mobile phone seems to be a must for everyone. Although a large number of children have mobiles, it is often the case that schools ban the use of them. Should every child have a mobile phone? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Brilliant: Mobile phones are expensive. First there is the cost of buying the phone. Then there are all the charges for using it. Often there are more charges for downloading apps and other extras. Sometimes we go over the limits of our call time or data allowance and are charged extra. Finally there may be extra costs when the phone needs to be replaced or upgraded. The average cell phone bill in the United States is $ 70 for a month but it can sometimes be much higher. Clearly not every child can afford their own mobiles and often parents can't either. Emily: Having a mobile phone helps us learn in a lot of different ways. First, we learn about technology—about how to use the mobile phone. Second, most phones today have apps to enable users to learn using the phone, or through the Internet. Phones can access online courses and lessons which can be provided in fun ways and can in some cases instantly tell you if you have the right answer. It may even sometimes be possible to do homework on a phone and send it to your teacher. Even without the Internet, phones can be used to provide short assignments, or to provide reminders to study. Din-nib: Mobile phones can easily distract us. They can be a particular problem in schools where they discourage us and those around us from working. Using a mobile phone while doing a piece of work will reduce your concentration, making it more likely to make mistakes. Mobile phones, like video games, are also a distraction from doing other things. We don't just use phones for communication but also for games. Most young people spend well over an hour on their mobiles. As a result, there is much less time for other activities. Peter: Mobile phones bring us increased independence. Being able to use a mobile phone is clearly a basic skill to allow children to be independent. It means that they are not dependent on an adult being with them for parents to know where they are. The main reason for parents being unwilling to let children out on their own is fear for their safety. This is a fear that mobiles help prevent. This increased independence has other benefits, such as teaching us to be responsible for ourselves. Eileen-. Mobile phones are a part of a desire to keep up with the fashion and friends. We all want the biggest and the best. Mobile phone companies know this and regularly bring out flashy new models that are immediately the one everyone must have. The more children have mobiles, the more they are caught up in this fashion. Our compulsion to want new things all the time is not good for us. Mobile phones, as with many other electronics, are damaging to the environment. Since we buy them and often dispose of the phone only a couple of years later and finally they pile up in gigantic rubbish dumps. Mobile phones are clearly a luxury and not something that everyone should have, and we certainly should not keep buying new ones.

Evolution of the English LanguageI. LEXICON— The vocabulary of English is immense and【T1】_____【T1】______— The sequence of adopting new vocabulary into EnglishLatin words→Norse words→【T2】______→Greek and Latin【T2】______— New ideas also created the need for new words【T3】_____: borrowed words from Latin for merchant-trading【T3】______Government: borrowed words from French—【T4】_____ bring in new words【T4】______II. GRAMMAR— The English case system was【T5】_____ after Norman Conquest【T5】______— Grammar changes were much【T6】_____than lexicon【T6】______— Invented in 17th century and borrowed Latin rules— Standard English: universal rules of grammar— Even Standard English rules do not remain【T7】_____【T7】______Example: it is now acceptable or necessary toa)end in a(n)【T8】_____【T8】______b)begin with a coordinating conjunctionc)use a(n)【T9】_____ between the second to last item in a series【T9】______III. SEMANTICS— Dictionaries give meanings and a brief account of the word's etymology— Etymology helps us understand how the semantics【T10】_____【T10】______Example:a)"sinister" used to mean "on the left", today it means "【T11】_____"【T11】______b)"hot" and "cool" now describe temperatureor being attractive or【T12】_____【T12】______IV.【T13】_____【T13】______— Example of black English Features:a)elimination of "1" sound and substitution of "w" soundb)often drop【T14】_____ at the end of words【T14】______Reason:African-Americans applied【T15】_____ rules of phonics【T15】______to English words

我若为王，我的姓名就会改作：“万岁”，我的每一句话都成为：“圣旨”。我的意欲，我的贪念，乃至每一个幻想，都可竭尽全体臣民的力量去实现，即使是无法实现的。我将没有任何过失，因为没有人敢说它是过失；我将没有任何罪行，因为没有人敢说它是罪行。 没有人敢呵斥我，指摘我，除非把我从王位上赶下来。但是赶下来，就是我不为王了。我将看见所有的人们在我面前低头、鞠躬、匍匐，连同我的尊长，我的师友，和从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们。我将看不见一个人的脸，所看见的只是他们的头顶或帽盔。或者所能够看见的脸都是谄媚的，乞求的，快乐的时候不敢笑，不快乐的时候不敢不笑，悲戚的时候不敢哭，不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸。 我将听不见人们的真正的声音，所能听见的都是低微的，柔婉的，畏葸和娇痴的，唱小旦的声音：“万岁，万岁!万万岁!”这是他们的全部语言：“有道明君！伟大的主上啊！”这就是那语言的全部内容。没有在我之上的人了，没有和我同等的人了，我甚至会感到单调，寂寞和孤独。

在亚洲西部，巴勒斯坦和约旦交界处，有一个“死海”。远远望去，死海的波涛此起彼伏，无边无际。但是，谁能想到，如此浩荡的海水中竟没有鱼虾、水草，甚至连海边也寸草不生?这大概就是“死海”得名的原因吧。然而，令人惊叹的是，人们在这无鱼无草的海水里，竟能自由游弋；即使是不会游泳的人，也总是浮在水面上，不用担心会被淹死。真是“死海不死”。

Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure wereentirely dependent on the cultural context which they existed. This【S1】______was a logical extension of whatever is termed the Standard Social【S2】______Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinite【S3】______malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the1950s, given color samples to different American Indian tribes and【S4】______asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that thespectrum we see it as "green", "yellow", etc. was an entirely【S5】______arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrumseparately. According to that hypothesis, the divisions seen between【S6】______colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do notcorrespond with divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis【S7】______is upheld in the extremely popular meme of Eskimo words forsnow—common stories vary from fifty to downwards of two hundred.【S8】______ Extreme cultural relativism of this type has now been clearly refuted. Eskimos use at most twelve different words for snow, whichis not much more than English speakers and should be expected【S9】______since they exist in a cold climate. The color-relativity hypothesishave now been completely debunked by more careful, thorough, and【S10】______systematic studies which show a remarkable similarity between the ways in which different cultures divide the spectrum.

Passage Three

Regardless of schools' cell phone policy, the reality in most schools is that students have phones in their pockets. Therefore, some experts suggest that why not get these tools out in plain sight and use them for good and not evil. Do you think that cell phones can be used as educational tools? The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Students Naomi: Cell phones can be used as needful school supplies. Some schools suggest that cell phones could produce those things such as calculators, dictionaries and translators. Children would be more excited to learn with technology than sit and listen to a lecture for an hour; it would help them take in information easier. I think we should take this into consideration. Brandon: Yes, cell phones can be used for education. Cell phones can let students look up things they don't understand. They can also listen to music because some people concentrate more with music. There are apps that let students learn. There are also apps that are strictly for learning so students wouldn't be texting. Also a teacher would watch the class and make sure they were working. Li Xiaoyu: Cell phones can definitely be educational tools. Smartphones are incredible nowadays. There are so many apps that could help students improve. Nowadays, students are even able to download books onto their smartphones so that they won't even have to buy school books eventually. Students could also text each other and work on group projects together. Danaya112: Cell phones are distracting. When a teacher is teaching, a student might be using his cell phone to send text messages during the class. So I think that students should not use phones in school.Teachers Mr. Chubb: Cell phones cannot be educational tools. I do not see the point of allowing cell phones in a classroom because they are nothing but a distraction to students and the staff. Having the cell phones would cause the class work to get behind and teachers always have to take them away from students. Dave from America; No, technological devices such as cell phones are not educational. Many technological devices created today are less educational and more for entertainment purposes only. In fact, they may be doing the opposite of teaching. It has been shown that children of today are less able to participate in normal, face-to-face conversation with others. This is a sad development and scary as to what will happen in the future. Texting on phones has shown that we are completely losing the ability to spell. Schools need to focus on old-school ways of teaching, such as writing things out by hand, or our country may fall behind academically. Meg Ormiston: Some people may want to ban cell phones from classrooms, but I disagree. We didn't ban pens in our schools because students can take notes during class. The pencils have also survived even though you could poke someone in the eye. And the amount of paper that is generated in most schools is almost criminal. This is a new time in education with dwindling budgets, so we need to rethink possibilities of stretching every dollar. These mini computers are walking through the doors each day. Let's put them to work. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

(1)Of all the catastrophes mat could befall America in coming years, a big terrorist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage, business losses and other claims from such an attack? (2)This is the question with which America's Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act(TRIA)was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for the insurance industry in me event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $5m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by September 11th. But unless Congress acts fast, TRIA will expire at the end of the year. One likely result is the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and property owners. This, in turn, could disrupt businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA should be extended. (3)The government has been opposed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a short-term measure, and has argued that the private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any future burden from the taxpayer and relying on the industry to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIA's expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have not rushed to write new contracts for next year offering to fall gaps in terrorism cover. (4)Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope, making a mockery of insurers' underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect few can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already being threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for the terrorism cover they have sold. (5)One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market, is already one of the most heavily regulated of industries. Operating in a highly distorted marketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance industry seems to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses, would just exacerbate this problem. (6)Any renewal of TRIA should, once again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must also shift more of the burden, and the business, to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIA's threshold for government intervention is raised substantially, work should begin now to find better longer-term solutions. One place to look is abroad, where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain, for instance, insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and, over time, shifts a greater share of risk on to thee private sector. Other options to consider include tax changes that reduce the cost of holding capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds. (7)With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution maybe attainable in the long run. In the current environment, though, the government that regularly warns of terrorist threats must still have a role to play in a solution that safeguards America's financial security. It would be better to plan ahead than wait for a rushed, Katrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, one thing seems clear; any such bail-out would be more costly and lead to also greater market distortions without an extension of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.

The Journey of Self Improvement I. Phases of the journey of self improvementA. The first phase: relying on【T1】______, speakers, or tapes【T1】______to tell you:1)You can do it2)Everything you need is【T2】______ of you【T2】______— This is the【T3】______ for all self improvement【T3】______— Everything hangs upon that simple factB. The second phase: absorbing knowledge【T4】______【T4】______1)Starting to look for ways to achieve your goals— Gaining knowledge on【T5】______, visualization,【T5】______goal setting etc.— Each discovered method is【T6】______ only for a while【T6】______2)Feeling overwhelmed with【T7】______【T7】______— There is so much to learn but so little time— There seems to be so many keys to successC. The third phase: putting the pieces of the puzzle【T8】______【T8】______1)Realizing that【T9】______ is linked to【T9】______your power to shape reality.2)Realizing that your beliefs were acting like【T10】______【T10】______D. The fourth phase: realizing a(n)【T11】______ to achievement【T11】______1)The cycle completes full circle— You come back to the first phase— But this time you are conscious of it2)Your【T12】______ of this point reaches a deeper level【T12】______that you couldn't feel before because— you are not hindered by formula— you are【T13】______ by nature in its simplicity【T13】______II. AdviceA. Starting to see how everything【T14】______【T14】______B. Realizing that there is no one key to【T15】______【T15】______

The word "literature" just looks boring. Very English—very old—very【T1】______. Not anything you want much to do with. It sounds like something【T2】______. Non-working white-hairs from the motherland sit around and talk about it all day because they have nothing better to do. I mean, the word itself dates back to【T3】______. The definition, as given on dic- tionary.com is a noun meaning "writings in which【T4】______, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, and poetry, novels, 【T5】______, and essays." Somehow, that doesn't exactly make it sound better. Maybe it's because I just completed two literature classes and a minor in English, but I would definitely argue that while literature and the concept of literature may be very old, the importance it holds has not faded—if anything it grows even stronger and even more important as time goes on. Like【T6】______, it simply gets better with age.

What is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society.

教育是培养人的社会活动，是人类自身发展所必需的，也是人类社会得以发展的必要条件。一个国家的发展强盛，从根本上说取决于其国民素质，而国民素质的提高，关键靠教育。如果说教育是国家的基石，教师就是奠基者。中华民族要实现伟大的复兴，就要重视和发展教育，这就对教师及教师职业提出了新的要求。厚德方能载物，不断提高现代教师的职业道德修养水平，是建设有中国特色社会主义教育事业的一个重要方面。

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

If you were starting a top university today, what would it look like? You would start by gathering very best minds from【M1】______around the world, from every discipline. Since we're living in anage of abundant, not scarcely, information, you' d curate the【M2】______lectures carefully, with a focus on the new and original, rather than offer a course on every possible topic. You' d create a sustainable economic model by focusing on technological ratherthan physical infrastructure, and by getting people of mean to【M3】______pay for a specialized experience. You' d also construct a robust network so people could access to resources whenever and from【M4】______wherever they like, and you' d give them the tools to collaboratebeyond the lecture hall. Why not fulfill the university【M5】______millennium-old mission by sharing ideas freely and as widely as【M6】______possible? If you did all that, well, you'd have TED. Its 'faculty': A roster of speakers that run from Bill Clinton to【M7】______J.J. Abrams, from Desmond Tutu to Isabel Allende—anyone who's driving change across the globe. Their topics range frombiophysics to graphic design, covering all what Roman【M8】______playwright Terentius might have had on mind when he said,【M9】______"Nothing human is alien to me." The economic model? With attendance fees, advertising, and corporate sponsorships, TED ran an operating surplus of more than $2 million last year, whichwas reinvested into expanding its reach. That's because like【M10】______fearful old-school colleges, TED is finding that the more open it is, the more it becomes the global education brand of the 21st century.

不锈钢面盆比塑料面盆贵。

{{B}}PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}

{{B}}PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}

故宫建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古建筑艺术的精华，其规格之巨和独具特色的建筑艺术享誉世界。在这里保存的大量珍贵文物、稀世绝宝，是研究明、清两代历史和历代艺术的重要物证。1925年改名为故宫博物院。它是世界上最大的博物馆之一。1961年被公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1987年为联合国教科文组织列入“世界人类文化遗产”。新中国成立后人民政府拨巨款进行保护和修缮，现已成为久负盛名的旅游景观。

Today's kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up inthe 1970s and 1980s and appear to be on the road to become【M1】______overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. "It's not just kids are already overweight getting more and more【M2】______so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight【M3】______are gaining weight," said lead study author Ashlesha Datar,serious economist at RAND Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif.【M4】______ Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and【M5】______Hispanic children who participated in the Early ChildhoodLongitudinal Study—a nationally representative example—and【M6】______had their height and weight measure over nine years, in【M7】______kindergarten, first, third, fifth and eighth grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had abody mass index(BMT)in the 75th percentile or above, down【M8】______from 25 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth chartsare developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and【M9】______Prevention. While a BMI in the 75th percentile is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if they're already at the 75th percentile inkindergarten, they don't have far to go before they tip the【M10】______overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of serious health problems as adults.