A new survey shows that social networks have become a hotbed of offensive words and name calling. Is social networking making us rude? The following are opinions about this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions; 2. give your comment. Mario Canseco (vice-president, public affairs at Insights West) Technology was blamed by more than 80 percent of people surveyed by Insights West as the cause of our growing incivility, making it the No. 2 reason that people think we are becoming less civil to each other. When we didn't have this type of technology, we seemed to get along much better. We were probably saying good morning to the guy at the coffee shop. Instead we're hidden behind our cellphones and other gadgets, tweeting, posting, texting and SnapChatting with our virtual friends while ignoring the world around us. Or worse—letting the door slam in their face.Dr. Joti Samra (adjunct professor in psychology at Simon Fraser University) When we're not face-to-face, there is much lost in our interactions. The predominant component of our communication is non-verbal. It could be the tone of our voice, body posture, or other signals that can only be picked up when we are talking, not texting, tweeting or interacting online. Added to that is the speed and brevity of texts and online posts. In the Twitter age we are communicating a message in 140 characters. We are losing the art of conversation, we're learning to communicate in very short sound bites. All of these factors can contribute to incivility and disrespect.Erinne Paisley (16, user of several social softwares) When you're on social media you're not saying something to a person's face, so it's a lot easier to be rude. I don't think we can blame social media for people's rudeness. It's not like those thoughts are created from social media but they are voiced through social media, which gives an easier platform to voice those thoughts.Peter Chow-White (communication professor from Simon Fraser University) Social media just give us a forum to show our true colours. I bet people who are jerks online are jerks in real life. It says more about the personality than it does about the communication itself. Rather than being separate from the way people behave in real life, online behaviour only reflects attitudes that are now more hidden. But social media give more avenues for people to express meanness, absolutely. People's perception that technology and social media are eroding our civility also reflects the fact that the technological changes are still fairly new to us.Naima Salemohamed (a student at the University of Victoria) When it comes to our obsession with technology, behaviours that once might have been considered rude are now the norm. If you are sitting in a class at university and texting or using your phone, nobody is going to say anything to you, it has just become the norm. We are so attached to technology—I don't think it's us being rude, it's just how the culture has become.

Ensuring an adequate water supply have been a concern ever since people began to live in towns and cities.

Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, therefore paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by comparable amount.

Those students, who have passed the examination, they needn't take the course this term.

We've seen hundreds of CVs every week: CVs printed on pink paper, CVs that are 10 pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph.

The Process of Analyzing a PoemI. Genre— Possible forms: sonnet, elegy, lyric,【T1】_____, etc.【T1】______— Different genres have different attributesII. Voice— "I": the voice speaks in the poem— Undramatized voice: no particular【T2】_____【T2】______— Dramatized voice: a dramatized character— Analyzing the voicea)Attitudeb)【T3】_____【T3】______c)Involvementd)【T4】_____【T4】______III. Argument, thesis or subject— Conflicts—【T5】_____【T5】______— Ambiguities— Relationships: conflicts, parallels, contrasts—【T6】_____ or problems【T6】______IV. Structure—【T7】_____ structure【T7】______a)Component parts(stanza, paragraph)integral to a poemb)Relation between the parts— Thematic structurea)Equivalent to【T8】_____ in fiction【T8】______b)Argument or presentation of the materialc)Having close relations with formal structureV. Setting—【T9】_____【T9】______— Physical world— Example of Treea)Concrete: specific treeb)Tonal: create mood or associationsc)Connotative: used as a(n)【T10】_____【T10】______d)【T11】_____: image of organic life【T11】______e)Allegorical: representation of the cross of ChristVI. Imagery— Images of the physical setting— Images as【T12】_____【T12】______a)Extend the imaginative range, complexity and comprehensibilityb)Very briefc)Extended analogiesVII. Language— Kinds of words—【T13】_____【T13】______— Associations—【T14】_____【T14】______— Double meanings— Ambiguities of meaningVIII. Qualities【T15】_____【T15】______— From the readers and form the readersa)Responseb)Tastec)Experienced)Value

这是一条步行街。

Christmas is the time to make the beloved ones feel special. A hug and a kiss would probably be more than enough but gifts are the ornaments of mutual love and respect. Choosing the right gift for the right person may either be a pleasure or a pain in the chest.Failure would result from misery on your part even if the recipient【M1】______doesn't tell you the truth and pretend to be unhappy about the item,【M2】______which might actually be a complete disappointment on his/herpart. However, many people believe that a guide on choosing【M3】______the right Christmas gift might be great help.【M4】______ The primary factor when choosing a Christinas gift is of course the degree of your relationship with the receiver. It mainlydetermines the value and type of the gift. Age is proved to be【M5】______another important factor in buying not only Christmas gifts but gifts for any type of occasion. Particularly men tend to be lesscareful and caring when bought gifts for the same sex. Women, on【M6】______the other hand, are less careful though they may act with a sense of【M7】______revenge if the receiver has been disappointed her in the previous【M8】______exchange. Buying gifts for colleagues or for other people at theworkplace is a difficult story. Rank and status can sometimes be【M9】______more important than the degree of friendship. Just as a form ofsocial contract people holding more or less familiar ranks are【M10】______expected to buy gifts roughly the same value for each other.

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曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。

(1)"The US economy is rapidly deteriorating," says Mr. Grannis. "The odds of a recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year." There are already some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for the past two months. The housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink. Corporate profits are falling. Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of deflation, and it could cause a global slowdown. "The Fed will have to act forcefully to arrest the deflationary forces," says Robert Lamorte, chairman of Behavioral Economics, a consulting firm in San Diego. But other counters that the central bank doesn't need to intervene. They argue the Fed should wait to see real data before acting. "The fundamentals are better than the stock market reflects", says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nations-Banc Montgomery Security. (2)Indeed, President Clinton tried to do his part to calm the market during his trip to Moscow, citing the strong job market and balanced budget. "We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound," he said. His comments echoed statements by Peter Rubin in Washington. (3)Some numbers do continue to reflect a strong economy. On Sept. 1, the Conference Board released its index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, prompting the business organization to predict that the nation's output should increase at a moderate pace for the rest of 1998. The group sees little risk of recession in the near term. But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession. The woes are spreading to Latin America. (4)"I'm now convinced we are going to have a global economic recession," says Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Norwest Corp, a Minneapolis-based bank. But, he added, it's not certain the US will slide into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. "We will be responding to the world economic situation rather than leading it." he says. (5)Still, Fed watchers don't think the central bank will act to try to save the world. "It's inconceivable the Fed could make much difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America" says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor. (6)After the last stock market crash, in 1987, the Federal Reserve acted quickly to provide liquidity to the markets and to lower interest rates. But the economy is in better shape this time; the banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to respond the enormous trading volume. "It is not the Fed's job to manage the stock market," says Mr. Kretzmer. (7)But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to shave another 1,500 points off the Dow by the end of September, "then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates," says Mr. Gramley. In his view, the Fed's main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence; since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock market, any prolonged slide might make individuals feel less wealthy. (8)They would cut back on vacations and "splurge" purchases. He expects the central bank to watch the next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely.

Predicating the future is a risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, that the global AIDs epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite of major scientific advances.【S1】______ As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15million lives and left 40 million people leaving with a viral infection【S2】______that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accountingof more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDs virus【S3】______has become the deadly microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a【S4】______dozen countries have a rate higher than 10% , including foursouthern African nations which a quarter of the people are infected.【S5】______This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death. Unfortunately, the AIDs story has not been all gloom and【S6】______doom. Less than two years after AIDs was recognized, the guiltyagent—human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV—identified. We【S7】______now know more about HIV than about any other virus, but 14 AIDS【S8】______drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and western Europe. The epidemic continues to rage, however, in south America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDs will have been by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasinglife expectant to as low as 40 years in some countries and single-【S9】______handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years. It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, where will have the【S10】______biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China.

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Social networking websites are breaking down barriers between teachers and students, redefining the way they communicate and interact with each other. Is the exposure of private information beneficial to both parties? Should teachers be banned from interacting with students via social networking websites? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt Carol Shakeshaft; A teacher-student relationship is not one between friends or equals. Educators who use social media for personal and intimate conversations and contact are not much different from those who spend their time hanging out with students at the beach. You have to ask why a teacher would do this. The honest answer is that it rarely has anything to do with student learning. Interacting with one's teachers the same way as with one's friends, sharing personal information, can only erode the respect and distance that a teacher needs in order to be an authority figure and a mentor for her young charges. Pempek: Social media has become the primary way in which children interact with their peers. These interactions are largely unsupervised by any adult, yet they have a fundamental impact on the development of the children involved. Adolescents use social networking websites to gauge peer opinion about themselves which may subsequently influence identity formation. With so much cyber bullying happening on such websites, and postings of inappropriate behavior that may later surface to affect a student's chances of getting into college or getting a job, it would be useful to have a teacher supervise these interactions to make sure no harm comes to the children involved. Jennifer: Teachers' personal life might undermine educational message. Access to a teacher's private information and photos may lead to weakening her position as an educator. How can a teacher convincingly speak against smoking or substance abuse if students have access to pictures portraying the teacher himself drinking or smoking? And even if the teacher will be careful not to post anything inappropriate on her page, a friend or acquaintance might thereby undermine the teacher. A strict separation between personal and professional life would prevent such incidents from happening. Salman: Social media can be powerful educational resources. Many teachers have been using social media as an extension of the classroom, some of them setting up discussion pages, or allowing students to contact them about homework or things that they did not understand in the classroom; it allows the teachers to provide extra help whenever the student needs it. This keeps students interested and makes learning fun by using a tool that they are already fond of. The enormous success of tools like " The Khan Academy" , which uses YouTube videos to deliver lectures to kids, is proof of that. It also allows even those students who are too shy to speak out in class or ask for help, to participate. Tools like Facebook and Twitter have the advantage of being ready-made platforms that lend themselves well to extending classroom discussions through groups, pages, pictures, and videos. Calvert; It would be difficult to find out whether a student and teacher have had contact over the Internet. There is then a question about how the state would find out about such behavior. Would the state be allowed to access private Facebook accounts, personal computers, or Internet service provider records to make sure teachers and students are not communicating with each other? That would constitute a serious privacy intrusion and violation.

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我的第一个先生就是我母亲。我已经说过使我认识“爱”字的是她。 在我幼儿的时候，她是我的世界的中心。 她很完满地体现了一个“爱”字。她使我知道人间的温暖；她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福。她常常用温和的口气，对我解释种种的事情。她教我爱一切的人，不管他们贫或富；她教我帮助那在困苦中需要扶持的人；她教我同情那些境遇不好的俾仆，怜悯他们，不要把自己看得比他们高，动辄将他们打骂。

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(1)Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings? (2)Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work, found that in large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 per cent on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in meetings. (3)There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for "solving problems" and "making decisions." For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements. (4)Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions. (5)All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly, the other, informal, role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the "constant talker", who just loves to hear his or her own voice. (6)Then there are the "can't do" types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change: "It won't work, we tried that last year and it was a disaster." A more subtle version of the "can't do" type, the "yes, but...," has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive, but they still can't bear to have things change. (7)Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5:30 pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their speciality. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do. (8)Then there are the "counter-dependents", those who usually disagree with everything that is said, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight authority in whatever form. (9)Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this case, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club: who is "in", and who is not. (10)Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is played at the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having spent their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary. (11)In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing, change.