Electronic gadgets such as smartphones are so overused in daily life that the relationships such as those between husbands and wives, parents and children, have been affected to varying extents. Thus, the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) has put forward a proposal, calling on cellphone addicts to switch off their devices at least one hour a day and spend more quality time with their families. The following are different opinions on this proposal. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the arguments from both sides; 2. give your comment.Chen Guangjiang, physician in Suzhou Central Hospital Just like Earth Hour, a global initiative for environmental awareness that encourages people all around the world to turn off the nonessential lights for an hour on the event day, cannot tangibly reduce energy consumption, this proposal constitutes a modest suggestion. In certain cases, however, the power of such a symbolic action should not be underestimated. It is likely that switching off one's phones may help people to view things in a different light and maybe even to reevaluate their priorities. Besides, in my humble opinion, the fact that many people keep their smart phones on all day long may just mean they are deluding themselves into thinking that they are more important than they actually are!Ran Yu, Graduate Student at the University of Kansas People tend to spend a large amount of time on their smartphones, time that might otherwise have been spent on communicating within one's family or participating in social gatherings, leading to a sum decline in the quality of their interpersonal relationships. Given this, the ACWFs proposal to put one's mobile phones to one side for at least one hour every day is eminently reasonable. However, in this era of the mobile Internet, what an impractical idea it is! In any case, if the happiness some couples experience in their married life hangs on them switching off smartphones, their marriage is in the first place quite fragile. While it is indeed true that smartphones have caused conflicts between couples, the side effects of the use of such devices should not be so exaggerated.Liu Yunxi, Associate Advisory at KPMG Whether or not this initiative will really help to bolster familial connections remains a moot point. I, for one, do not hold high expectations. Apart from playing with our cellphones, we have at our disposal a multitude of other ways in which we can kill time. Those who turn off their phones will not necessarily spend the time with their family. They may go out to meet friends or spend the time reading instead. The key to improving family relationships lies not in switching off our phones, but in our desire to spend time with family members. If people are willing and able to be together with their loved ones, even their phones will not prove sufficient distraction. Placing the blame for the deterioration of family relationships solely on electronic gadgets is surely going a step too far.Wang Chuantao, journalist from Workers' Daily: The ACWFs proposal is more of symbolic significance than of actual practical use. The message the ACWF seems to be trying to convey is that smartphones are distracting users from the real life and that life will still go on, and maybe even improve, if you power off your smartphones for one or more hours a day. This proposal does not mean to deny the convenience brought by modern hi-tech products, but people should remember that they are not the slaves of electronic devices, but rather should be the masters.

A campaign calling for the death penalty for child traffickers has recently gone viral on China's online social networks. Do you agree or disagree that child trafficking should be a death penalty offense? Do you think death penalty deters child traffickers? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Pnp Child traffickers must be sentenced to death because their greed brings pain and lasting misery to parents whose kids they traffic in! If you know a bit of the suffering of those parents who lost their kids to traffickers, their sleepless nights, their nightmares thinking of their beloved kids, their lives being turned upside down, and being unable to lead a normal life, you probably won't suggest such a soft approach! The death penalty is a very powerful deterrent; traffickers would think twice before they embark on this heinous crime against humanity! To postulate that it will endanger the lives of the kids, and therefore the death penalty should not be applied, is to cave in to the traffickers! I feel sorry for the kids and their parents.Smuffy Death penalty will not deter the child traffickers, since child trafficking is such a lucrative trade. Instead, it will pose a serious threat to the child victims. China should reform its adoption system, thus forcing some families to resort to legal measures to adopt a child.Seneca I am opposed to any killing of people, legal or otherwise. Death penalty solves no problem and only helps barbarity gain acceptance in the population. It is utterly devastating to lose one's child to a kidnapper who resells him to someone else. But have you ever taken the causes of this crime into consideration? China has enacted and enforced the one child family policy. This policy is quite reasonable against a background of demographics and economics, but it is unnatural and it also creates untold sufferings. What if a woman miscarries and loses her ability to conceive again? What if a couple have waited too long for their child to come? They have little option but to visit the grey and black market in search of a child. The question as to how to judicially treat child abductors and traffickers is a different one. Many crimes are committed out of sheer avarice; killing in retaliation does not make people more moral. Just think how lightly some corrupt officials get off the hook and you can understand that the death penalty is no solution. The countries in West Europe that have no death penalty have the lowest crime rates while the countries with death penalty see their crime rates go from bad to worse.Becky5512 Every child is the treasure of his parents. If you are in a situation where you are trapped in losing your child and unfortunately getting the news about the slack crackdown on those traffickers, how painful and desperate will you be? Definitely, effective measures should be taken to block the channel of trafficking children.Seanboyce88 You may think that offenders would think twice but an American research has shown that, the death penalty is an awful deterrent. It is simply an act of vengeance. I believe that the use of punishment is to teach someone right from wrong, and that most actions stem from societal issues. If poor people had better wages, maybe they wouldn't have to be child traffickers to pay the bills. Killing for vengeance just creates a spiral of hate. Nothing is gained from it.

It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, but they will reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans.

What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answerdepends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted Two distinctive 【S1】 1types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system,which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a 【S2】 2mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road withparticularly automated or manually driving cars. A special-purpose lane 【S3】 3system would require more expensive physical modifications to existinghighways, and it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. 【S4】 4 Under either schemes, the driver would specify the desired, 【S5】 5destination furnishing it to a computer in the car in the beginning ofthe trip. If a mixed traffic system was in the place, automated driving 【S6】 6could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads.Whenever special-purpose lanes were available, the car could join 【S7】 7existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle todetermine their destination and to ascertain that it had the proper 【S8】 8automation equipment in good working order. Either approach would harmonize the movement of new entering 【S9】 9vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here shouldallow smooth merging. And once a vehicle had settled into automated 【S10】 10travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. 【S1】

书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购入当时的记忆，知道某册书是何种性质，其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自己也无把握，完全要看一个时期一个时期的兴趣。

Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural EnvironmentI. Definition of culture— Culture is a group which shapes a person's【T1】_____【T1】______— Cultural identities originate from race,【T2】_____, gender, etc.【T2】______II. Cultural assumptions Cause of cultural conflicts:differences in values and【T3】______【T3】______Example A:— Women wrote excellent proposal but they failed in interview part— They preferred to have【T4】_____ before being questioned【T4】______Example B:— A city in Alaska celebrated 200th year of fur Russian trader— Native Indian tribe was offended— The activity implied there was no【T5】_____ before【T5】______III. Identifying cultural conflictsThree dimensions of cultural conflictsA. contentB.【T6】_____ issues【T6】______C. clash of valuesThree signs of identifying conflicts— complex combinations of【T7】_____ about behaviors【T7】______— If the previous two dimensions do not resolve the conflict, then cultural differences are the root cause—【T8】_____ still causes conflict and emotion【T8】______IV. Resolving cultural conflictsResolution 1:【T9】_____ the cultural dimension【T9】______— acknowledgment that the conflict contains a cultural dimension— all sides are【T10】_____ to deal with all conflict dimensions【T10】______— systematic phased work is needed Four phases:A.【T11】_____ of each other's【T11】______B. Understand cultural perception of both sidesC. Know how problems are handled【T12】_____【T12】______D. Develop conflict solutions Resolution 2: Learning about other cultures— Knowledge could be obtained from training programs,reading, talking and【T13】_____【T13】______— Acquiring a broad knowledge of【T14】_____, not stereotyping【T14】______Resolution 3: Altering practices and procedures in the organizations—【T15】_____ change is necessary to make system culturally sensitive【T15】______

Passage Three

事业愈大则困难亦愈甚，抵抗困难的时期也随之俱长，有的尽我们的一生尚不能目见其成者，我们若能尽其中一段的工夫，替后人开辟一段道路，或长或短，即是贡献。有所成功以备后人参考，固是贡献；即因尝试而失败，使后人有所借镜，亦是贡献。所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。最无丝毫贡献者是不干，怕失败而不干，或半途遇困难即不愿干。

Meaning in Literature In reading literary works, we are concerned with the 'meaning' of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I. Meaning is what is intended by【T1】 1.【T1】 2Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to1)read【T2】 3 by the same author:【T2】 42)get familiar with【T3】 5 at the time:【T3】 63)get to know【T4】 7 and symbols of the time.【T4】 8II. Meaning exists 'in' the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertiesof the text like【T5】 9, etc. 【T5】 102)speaker's view: meaning is created by both conventions ofmeaning and【T6】 11.【T6】 12Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by【T7】 13【T7】 14and conventions of usage. But different time periods anddifferent【T8】 15 perspectives could lead to different interpretations【T8】 16of meaning in a text. III. Meaning is created by【T9】 17.【T9】 181)meaning is【T10】 19:【T10】 202)meaning is【T11】 21:【T11】 223)meaning requires【T12】 23:【T12】 24- practicing【T13】 25【T13】 26- practicing【T14】 27【T14】 28- background research in【T15】 29, etc.【T15】 30 Meaning in Literature In reading literary works, we are concerned with the 'meaning' of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I. Meaning is what is intended by【T1】 31.【T1】 32Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to1)read【T2】 33 by the same author:【T2】 342)get familiar with【T3】 35 at the time:【T3】 363)get to know【T4】 37 and symbols of the time.【T4】 38II. Meaning exists 'in' the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertiesof the text like【T5】 39, etc. 【T5】 402)speaker's view: meaning is created by both conventions ofmeaning and【T6】 41.【T6】 42Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by【T7】 43【T7】 44and conventions of usage. But different time periods anddifferent【T8】 45 perspectives could lead to different interpretations【T8】 46of meaning in a text. III. Meaning is created by【T9】 47.【T9】 481)meaning is【T10】 49:【T10】 502)meaning is【T11】 51:【T11】 523)meaning requires【T12】 53:【T12】 54- practicing【T13】 55【T13】 56- practicing【T14】 57【T14】 58- background research in【T15】 59, etc.【T15】 60

[此试题无题干]

(1)Thirty-seven men have been elected President since 1789, and the American people have applied two different standards in evaluating their achievements. The first was formulated by Alexander Hamilton who test-drove the presidency in the Federalist papers. The difficulty of winning the job, he argued, virtually guaranteed it would be held by the best men. "Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity", could "elevate a man to the first honors in a single state". But only "characters pre-eminent for ability and virtue" could impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, who filled the job for almost a half-century, confirmed Hamilton's prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were heroes of the American Revolution. James Madison was the prime mover in the push to write and ratify the Constitution. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal triumphs: Monroe successfully fought against the English troops during the war in 1814, and Adams, as Monroe's Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe Doctrine, which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the Creek Indians in the old Southwest and the British in New Orleans. (2)It was not until the eighth President, Martin Van Buren, that America aimed lower. Van Buren was a smooth self-made man from upstate New York who clambered to leadership first in his state, then in the Democratic Party nationwide. He was a wire puller and wheeler-dealer. Former President John Quincy Adams praised his "calmness", "gentleness" and "discretion", though not his "profound dissimulation" and "fawning servility". Van Buren was a pol, first, last and always. He showed mat intrigue and the art of popularity were now enough to win the White House. Since 1841, most successful presidential candidates have passed the Van Buren test. The electorate wants leaders who have played the game, even if they haven't been All-Stars. It's a low but sensible hurdle; Obama qualifies by that standard. (3)Voters also don't take kindly to non-politicians: two businessmen, Wendell Willkie and Ross Perot, made serious runs for the White House, although neither came close. Americans will elect a political neophyte only if he passes the Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability. Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight Eisenhower had never held elective office, but they won their wars. Some Presidents pass both tests: Theodore Roosevelt fought well in the Spanish-American War and in New York State politics. Among the prospective 2008 candidates, only one has shown pre-eminent ability: Rudy Giuliani, in solving the crime problem in the nation's largest city and in bis response to 9/11. (4)But is pre-eminent ability a reliable predictor of success? It doesn't guarantee victory at the polls. Henry Clay was master of legislative finesse who helped broker the Missouri Compromises of 1820-1821, a deal between slave states and free states that kept the two sides from each other's throats for 30 years. Yet he failed to become President in three tries. Great achievements don't guarantee great presidencies even when the pre-eminent man wins. The Eisenhower Administration, scorned by eggheads of the left and right while it was going on, has been revised upward by later scholars, and a similar process is lifting Grant's presidency from the cellar to which an unholy alliance of neo-Confederates and genteel reformers had consigned it. But neither man will ever be considered as great in peace as he was in war. (5)There have also been ordinary-seeming politicians who became epoch-making Presidents. After the 1932 Democratic Convention picked New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist H. L. Mencken described him as a man "whose competence was plainly in doubt." The Republican nomination of one-term Illinois Congressman Abraham Lincoln in 1860 brought this sneer from diarist George Templeton Strong: "He cut a great many rails, and worked on a flatboat in early youth; all which is somehow presumptive evidence of his statesmanship." (6)Statesmanship is an art, which means there is always room for inspiration, and for grace. We are right to look for a record of pre-eminent ability when we can find it. But the basic doctrine of republican government, that all men are created equal, can be a surprise bonus for some leaders, as well as a guarantee of rights for all of us. Sometimes greatness appears in unlikely places, even in ordinary pols from Illinois.

Among the 518 items of national nonmaterial cultural heritages currently published by the Ministry of Culture, 92 are Chinese traditional opera. In recent years, however, traditional opera is facing an unprecedented crisis as many of these time-honored arts are disappearing. The following article gives details of this phenomenon. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the current crisis Chinese traditional opera is facing, and then 2. express your opinion towards it, especially whether we should try to save the disappearing opera Struggling Chinese Opera Almost all disciplines of traditional Chinese opera have battled difficulties of the shrinking market. The repertoire stops developing and fans gradually disappear. Statistics shows that the number of unique traditional Chinese opera styles had decreased from 368 to 267 by last year, with one or two disappearing each year. And half of them lack any video or audio documentation. Although Beijing is home to more than 150 movie theaters, the capital hosts only a handful of stages for opera performance, such as the National Center for the Performing Arts, Chang'an Grand Theater and Meilanfang Grand Theater. The massive disproportion evidences the marginal situation of traditional Chinese opera in the nation's modern cultural market. Although it is the cradle of Peking Opera, Beijing even lacks substantial venues to appreciate its indigenous performing art. And even when the curtain does go up, the spectators are always foreigners. Lack of demand from the Chinese public has resulted in a waning market. In a city as large as Shanghai, only a few hundred Kunqu Opera fans remain, and only about a hundred can be found in Nanjing. Presently, not a single theater dedicated to Kunqu Opera remains anywhere in China. A production costing hundreds of thousands or even millions of yuan would close after only one or two performances because of meager attendance. Local opera troupes disbanded one after another. For instance, in Zhejiang Province alone, the number of Yueju troupes is down to 20 from over 100. Squeezed by modern and foreign culture and entertainment such as movies, TV programs and pop music, traditional Chinese opera has been severely marginalized. Elderly opera fans pass away while young ones are non-existent. The well-maintained traditional aesthetics of Chinese opera also deter many young people. Featuring local characteristics and performed with dialects, traditional Chinese opera is characterized by sublime singing skills and performance, which can be difficult for laymen to appreciate. And their stories of ancient times are considered out-dated by the young. "You need to practice three years for every three minutes on the stage," goes a saying illustrating the necessary devotion to become a proficient Chinese opera performer. The daunting work isn't attractive to youngsters considering the profession. Today, fewer children can bear the hardships. Presently, students recruited to learn opera often come from poor families. Parents send them here to find a way out. The modern "mass production" teaching mode does not work for teaching opera, which requires more one-on-one and face-to-face instruction. It leads the long circle of the training. So, an opera performer can seldom enjoy over-night fame like a pop star or a film actor might. Restless yearning for quick success contributes to the major decline in those willing to learn opera performance. Because of the market slump and low salaries, traditional Chinese opera practitioners are finding other work one-by-one, as are many directors and playwrights. For example, the number of Kunqu Opera practitioners is still decreasing 10 years after its acceptance to the World Intangible Cultural Heritage list. The brain drain inhibits development of new repertoires. In an era of fickle audiences, it's hard to draw more spectators with familiar old repertoires.

标签时代，我们不仅用选购商品的眼光看待他人和这个世界，我们自身也活着活着就活成了一枚或者多枚标签。物化的、名利化的生活方式和思维方式正影响和决定着我们，使我们越来越远离人生的本质和目的。心灵的自由、对爱和美的体悟、对星空的仰望，这些质朴而美好的追求正日益淡出。理想变成笑谈，崇高显得荒诞，人生被高度浓缩为一个或者数个关键词。

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼：第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之：第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心的烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” .

你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗?

PASSAGE ONE

Learning another language gives the learner the ability tostep inside the mind and context of that other culture. With the【S1】______ability to communicate and understand a culture on its ownterms, true access into that culture is barred. Why is this【S2】______important? In the world where nations and peoples are ever more【S3】______dependent upon one another to supply goods and services, solve political disputes, and ensure international security, understandingthe other cultures is paramount. Lack of intercultural sensitivity can【S4】______lead to mistrust and misunderstandings, to an ability to cooperate,【S5】______negotiate, and compromise, but perhaps even to military confrontation.【S6】______Intercultural understanding begins with individuals who have language abilities and who can thereby provide one's own nation orcommunity with an insider's view into foreign cultures, which can【S7】______understand foreign news sources, and give insights into other perspectives on international situations and current events. For survival in the global community, every nation needs such individuals. A person competent in other languages can bridge thegap between cultures, contributing to international diplomacy,【S8】______promote national security and world peace, and successfully engage【S9】______international trade. As globalization and mobility and communications bring theworld ever close together, ever more urgent is the need for global【S10】______citizens to be competent in other languages.

美国《幸福》杂志曾在征答栏中刊登过这么一个题目：假如让你重新选择，你做什么?一位军界要人的回答是去乡间开一个杂货铺；一位劳动部长是想做一家饮料公司的经理……其间也有一般百姓的回答。想做总统的，想做外交官的，想做面包师的，应有尽有。但是，很少有人想做现在的自己。 人有时非常矛盾。本来活得好好的，各方面的环境都不错，然而当事者却常常心存厌倦。对人类这种因生命的平淡和缺少激情而苦恼的心态，有时是不能用不知足来解释的。