Understanding DepressionI. Misunderstanding of depression— Mistakenly believe that depression comes from【T1】 1【T1】 2—【T2】 3 the depressed person's low energy【T2】 4— A wrong belief that the depressed attitude can be【T3】 5【T3】 6II. Causes of depression1. Genetics— depression runs in families2. Life events— e.g.【T4】 7 of a close family member or friend can lead to depression【T4】 83. Family and social environment— it includes【T5】 9 living situations such as poverty: homelessness:【T5】 10and【T6】 11 in the family, relationships, or community【T6】 124.【T7】 13【T7】 14— substance use and abuse have impacts on moodIII.【T8】 15 of depression【T8】 161. Depressed mood2. Weight【T9】 17【T9】 183. Sleep【T10】 19【T10】 204. Feelings of guilt or【T11】 21【T11】 225. Brain fog6. Thoughts of【T12】 23【T12】 24IV. Means to survive depression1.【T13】 25【T13】 26— help people understand depression and what they can do about it2. Medication— make sure to get the right dose3. A combination of both4. Suggestion for friends:— help the【T14】 27 depressed person receive the right treatment【T14】 28rather than cheer up them or【T15】 29 with them【T15】 30 Understanding DepressionI. Misunderstanding of depression— Mistakenly believe that depression comes from【T1】 31【T1】 32—【T2】 33 the depressed person's low energy【T2】 34— A wrong belief that the depressed attitude can be【T3】 35【T3】 36II. Causes of depression1. Genetics— depression runs in families2. Life events— e.g.【T4】 37 of a close family member or friend can lead to depression【T4】 383. Family and social environment— it includes【T5】 39 living situations such as poverty: homelessness:【T5】 40and【T6】 41 in the family, relationships, or community【T6】 424.【T7】 43【T7】 44— substance use and abuse have impacts on moodIII.【T8】 45 of depression【T8】 461. Depressed mood2. Weight【T9】 47【T9】 483. Sleep【T10】 49【T10】 504. Feelings of guilt or【T11】 51【T11】 525. Brain fog6. Thoughts of【T12】 53【T12】 54IV. Means to survive depression1.【T13】 55【T13】 56— help people understand depression and what they can do about it2. Medication— make sure to get the right dose3. A combination of both4. Suggestion for friends:— help the【T14】 57 depressed person receive the right treatment【T14】 58rather than cheer up them or【T15】 59 with them【T15】 60

When it comes to job hunting, many college graduates may get caught in a dilemma: to work in a big city, a small city, a small town or even a village? The following are people's opinions on which place to choose for climbing the ladder of career. Read them carefully and write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions, and then 2. express your opinion towards where to choose to work after graduation.subhal2 I will choose big cities as I know there are more chances in big cities. I am very much concerned about my career, so I like to work in big city. Also I was born and brought up in metro town, so I like to live in big city where everything is easily available.colourless My hometown is a small city and I enjoy the peace and freedom there. Besides, there is a friendly atmosphere for every person knows others well. When someone was strapped in trouble, others would try to help them out to their best, which is really quite touching. From my perspective, it is the same with the condition of work. But now I come to a city to attend university. I sometimes feel bad just because it is so crowded. People walk by each other and even never show a little smile. Their difference estranges one another, which probably leads to disharmony of workplace. Thus, after graduation, I will work in small city without hesitation.diansinta I prefer big cities where I can grow and learn a lot. I have easy access to book stores, museums and equal friends who can understand what I'm talking about. My mom and dad are in another island of a small city but we used to live in the big city. And now my father has got his pension, so he goes back to hometown. People there lead a life of slow pace. So is that of work. And basic living and recreation facilities such as cinemas are insufficient. I don't see the chances that I can achieve the goal of career planning.diillu I prefer to work in big cities. As is known to all, big cities would provide more facilities. There will emerge more excellent job opportunities as well as other different services like hospital favorable for living.nkhanna I am from a small city and I love that place. However, I am married in a big city, which seems so busy every day. Nobody has time for each other. I know in big cities lots of opportunities are there for people to climb the ladder of career and get a better living standard. However, I feel those people in big houses are exposed to too much pressure to appreciate their life while in small cities people tend to live a happy life. If given a chance I would definitely like to work in a small city and live my life fully.prettyhanan I would like to work in a small city. The reason is that I love peace instead of a crowded life with job, children, husband and house. Although it's quite hard to succeed, I think I can make it because I face my computer every day with the aim to be a business woman. That is not a big problem I guess.

手机刷新了人与人的关系。

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The question of whether languages shape the way we thinkgo back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】______language is to have a second soul". But the idea went out of favor to【S2】______scientists when Noam Chomsky's theories of language gained popularity in the 1960s and 1970s. Dr. Chomsky proposed thatthere was a universal grammar for all human languages—essentially,【S3】______that languages don't really differ from one another in significant ways. And because languages didn't differ from one another, thetheory went, it made none sense to ask whether linguistic differences【S4】______led to differences in thinking. The search for the linguistic universals yielded interesting【S5】______data on languages, and after decades of work, not a single【S6】______proposing universal has withstood scrutiny. Instead, as linguists【S7】______probed deeper into the world's languages(7,000 or so, only afraction of them analyzed), innumerable predictable differences【S8】______emerged. Of course, just because people talk differently doesn't necessarily mean they think differently. In the past decade, cognitive scientists have begun to measure not just how people talk,also how they think, asking whether our understanding of even such【S9】______fundamental domains of experience that space, time and causality【S10】______could be constructed by language.

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(1) Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers. (2) So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestle. (3) Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They are prospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home. (4) Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data. (5) Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets. (6) BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly. (7) Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries. (8) Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand. (9) The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.

The term "American dream" is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? The term "American dream" began to be widely used【T1】 1. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a "【T2】 2" story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could【T3】 3in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed 【T4】 4. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger's novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to 【T5】 5. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and【T6】 6 than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, ... The term "American dream" is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? The term "American dream" began to be widely used【T1】 7. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a "【T2】 8" story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could【T3】 9in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed 【T4】 10. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger's novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to 【T5】 11. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and【T6】 12 than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, ... 【T1】

Time Management for College Students Time you spent in high school is totally different from that in college. It is a critical transition and is important for you to recognize that you are alone【T1】______【T1】______how you spend your time.I. Differences of time spent from high school1.【T2】______ time by yourself rather than others【T2】______2. having【T3】______ workloads【T3】______3. focusing on true【T4】______ of a subject【T4】______4. filling with conflicting【T5】______【T5】______II. Tips of time management1. using a【T6】______【T6】______benefits: a)add【T7】______ structures to your schedule【T7】______b)【T8】______ your schedule【T8】______2. planning your timea)reason: may not have enough time to accomplish all tasksb)give【T9】______ for each assignment【T9】______c)【T10】______ some time for study breaks【T10】______3.【T11】______ tasks: avoid over-committing your time【T11】______4. avoiding procrastinations and【T12】______【T12】______5.【T13】______ time management【T13】______a)take【T14】______ and be organized【T14】______b)do not【T15】______ from the schedule【T15】______

(1)Last month Hansen Transmissions International, a maker of gearboxes for wind turbines, was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Nothing noteworthy about that, you might say, despite me jump in the share price on the first day of trading and the handsome gain since: green technology is all the rage, is it not? But Hansen exemplifies another trend too, which should prove every bit as durable: the rise of multinational companies from emerging economies. Its parent is Suzlon, an Indian firm that began life as a textile manufacturer but is now among the world's five leading makers of wind turbines. Along the way, Suzlon has acquired not only Hansen, originally Belgian, but also REpower, a German wind-energy firm, spending over $2 billion on the pair. (2)The world is now replete with Suzlons: global companies from emerging economies buying businesses in rich countries as well as in poorer places. Another Indian company, Tata Motors, looks likely to add to the list soon, by buying two grand old names of British carmaking, Jaguar and Land Rover, from America's enfeebled Ford. As a symbol of a shift in economic power, this is hard to match. (3)Economic theory says that this should not happen. Richer countries should export capital to poorer ones, not the other way round. Economists have had to get used to seeing this turned on its head in recent years, as rich countries have run large current-account deficits and borrowed from China and other emerging economies(notably oil exporters)with huge surpluses. Similarly, foreign direct investment(FDI)—the buying of companies and the building of factories and offices abroad—should also flow from rich to poor, and with it managerial and entrepreneurial prowess. (4)It is not yet time to tear up the textbook on FDI. According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD), in 2006 the flow of FDI into developing economies exceeded the outflow by more than $200 billion. But the transfer of finance and expertise is by no means all in one direction. Developing economies accounted for one-seventh of FDI outflows in 2006, most of it in the form of takeovers. Indian companies have done most to catch the eye, but firms from Brazil, China and Mexico, in industries from cement to consumer electronics and aircraft manufacture, have also gone global. Up to a point, emerging-market multinationals have been buying Western know-how. But they have been bringing managerial and entrepreneurial skill, as well as just money, to the companies they buy: British managers bear grudging witness to the financial flair of Mexican cement bosses; Boeing and Airbus may have learnt a thing or two from the global supply chains of Brazil's Embraer. (5)Perhaps no one should be surprised. Half a century ago, Japan was a poor country: today Sony and Toyota are among the best-known and mightiest companies on the planet. South Korea is still listed as developing country in UNCTAD's tables, but that seems bizarrely outdated for the homes of Samsung. Now another generation is forming. To its critics, globalisation may be little more than a licence for giant Western companies to colonise the emerging world, yet more and more firms from poorer economies are planting their flags in rich ground.

Universalization of education has been a policy priority, but it still remains an unfulfilled dream. As a consequence, the spread of secondary education is quite limited and higher education is available to a small percentage of the population. The country has,therefore, progressed very well in the field of technical education【M1】______both quantitatively and qualitatively. During recent times, Indiahas lain great stress on modernization and technological【M2】______advancement in education, and has contributed amazingly to high-skilled manpower in software and information technology. Despite our limited endeavours in other sphere of education,【M3】______India manages its own affairs on its own in almost allthe areas, and does not, in no way, depend on foreign expertise.【M4】______ On the other hand, it provides all kinds of manpower to other【M5】______countries. In terms of policy, India had continued with the colonial education system of the British rulers till about 1968, when the Government had announced its first National Education Policy,in which was in accordance with the requirements of the country,【M6】______but there was big gap between the policy and practice due to many【M7】______natural and man-made bottlenecks. Another National Policy on education was announced in 1986, which, amongst other things, emphasized qualitativeimprovement, essential in higher and technical education;【M8】______vocationalisation of secondary education; development of regionallanguages. This policy revised in 1992, and was in line with the【M9】______earlier policy, but it far added to the inconsistencies and【M10】______contradictions between the stated goals and actual policy, on the one hand, and between stated goals and resource allocation, on the other.

PASSAGE ONE

David Cameron has noticed that health and safety regulations stop schools taking children out on field trips, outdoor activities orjust collect autumn leaves down the local park. And the【M1】______Department for Children, Schools and Families is to issueguidelines about extra-curricular activities, with aiming to get【M2】______pupils out of classrooms and back into the real world. I suppose school-organized, adult-supervised activities arebetter than nothing. And they're really not good enough. Indeed,【M3】______excess health and safety measures at school are just the tip of the【M4】______risk aversion iceberg leaving increasing numbers of young people without the emotional resilience, social competence and personal confidence to thrive in our society. The Institute for PublicResearch, couple of years ago, found British youngsters at or near【M5】______the top of the European charts for almost every type of teenagemisconduct. Nothing is mightily wrong with childhood in Britain,【M6】______and after thirty years working with children and teachers(the lasteight years which were spent researching 'toxic childhood'), I【M7】______reckon my risk aversion—not just in schools but in every area of【M8】______life—is a major part of the problem. A combination of parental anxiety, community intoleranceand all-pervasive risk aversion now threaten the mental and【M9】______physical health of the next generation. This is becoming a matter【M10】______of urgency that we reclaim public space for our children and relearn skills that came naturally to our ancestors.

Getting employed is no longer an easy task for undergraduate students. That is why some have taken the initiative to work for free internship, to beat against the odds of finding a job. Some experts say this only does more harm than good to undergraduate students, because they are actually selling themselves short. The following article provides detailed information about this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 800 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment. When Does Internship Become Labor Exploitation? As the "intern economy" grows, young adults, unions, and other workers are starting to ask: When does an internship stop being a mutually beneficial experience and start being free or cheap labor? So why are younger workers increasingly willing to work for free? Unemployment among workers 16 to 24 is over 20 percent. That's the official unemployment rate which means it's only accounting for young adults actively looking for work. It doesn't include folks who have given up. It gets worse. Youth unemployment has been exceptionally high since 2008. By your early 20s, most employers already expect you to have had some meaningful work experience. But what if the employment opportunities simply didn't exist for most of your adult life? It's important to realize that 21- to 25-year-olds out there have spent most of their adult lives in a crippling recession with very limited job opportunities. It shouldn't be too surprising that we'd see a growing number of twenty-somethings, and even older, willing to work for free just to gain work experience that may lead to employability. And that is what we're seeing. Internships can be exactly that: a means to gain real world, professional work experience and make contacts in a chosen industry. However, employers can also easily take advantage of this source of free work. Mikael Naramore, owner of Terrestrial Media, a media company in Muskegon, Michigan, has worked on both sides of the internship experience, as an intern and as an employer with an intern. "When I interned, I could dig in and explore my chosen career, learn on-the-job skills, and be exposed to top people in the field, which for me was way better than sitting in a classroom. I truly feel I'm the better for it." When talking about exploitation of interns, Naramore said, "The point of interning is exposure to a professional environment. Including the professionals! Without that experience, it's just good old fashioned exploitation. It goes too far in my opinion when there's no oversight and the internment period is open-ended." Some unions would agree with the comment about exploitation as they are turning their attention to the overuse of free labor, often from young workers eager to get into the workforce with their skills. Most notably, Huffington Post has been criticized for its widespread use of "interns" or unpaid writing and design staff. The U.S. Department of Labor has created a handy, informational page with updated rules and regulations regarding internships, particularly unpaid internships. This is useful for employers who want to make sure they are acting both ethically and legally. And, it's helpful for workers who want to protect their own interests.

{{B}}SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.{{/B}}

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Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbidthe practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addition,【S1】______television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowing【S2】______for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves variety of factors in addition to【S3】______its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of【S4】______loudness through their expert use of such factors. One majorcontributor of the perceived loudness of commercials is that much【S5】______less variation in sound level occur during a commercial. In regular【S6】______programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Another "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-【S7】______frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisersfilter out any noises in that may drown out the primary message. In【S8】______addition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots of consonants are used, because peopleare most aware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally,【S9】______advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highlydifferent from that of the programming within which the commercial【S10】______is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer's attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.

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PASSAGE THREE