单选题How jury panels(全体陪审员) are examined and selected is controlled by statute (法规), court rules, local practices, and the judge's preferences. (偏爱)Your first step must always be to determine how a jury is selected in your judge' s courtroom. When in doubt, ask the judge or his court personnel. (全体人员) Them are many variations(变化) in jury selection methods, but most are based on the two principal systems used today. The first is generally known as the "strike system". Under this sys- tem every juror in the venire is questioned under one of the methods described earlier. As each juror is questioned, the lawyers simply fill out a sheet, often a printed form, that lists each juror in succession. (连续)When the last juror has been questioned, the lawyers for each party designate (指示) those jurors against whom they wish to exercise peremptory (最后的) challenges. The lawyers then give their lists to the judge, who compares them and then simply calls the first 12 names -- assuming a 12 person jury -- that have not been challenged by any party. These 12 become the jury. Alternate (轮流的) jurors, if necessary, are simply the next unchallenged names on the lists. The strike system has advantages and disadvantages. Its disadvantage is that it requires questioning every prospective (未来的) juror in the venire. Its advantages, which probably account for its growing popularity, are that it avoids most of the gamesmanship of the selection process and keeps jurors from knowing which party used a peremptory challenge against them. The traditional jury selection method, still common today, simply fills the jury box with the necessary number of jurors. Only the prospective jurors in the box are questioned under one of the methods described above. When each has been questioned, the plaintiff's lawyer will exercise the permptory challenges he wishes to use at that time. The challenged jurors are excused (免除) and they are replaced by new jurors from the venire, who usually sit in the back of the courtroom. The new jurors in the box are then questioned, and plaintiff's (原告) lawyer again can exercise permptory challenges against them. This process continues until plaintiff's attorney (律师) accepts the panel and "tenders (提出) the panel" to the defense lawyer then goes through the same steps, exercising his peremptory challenges, replacing the challenged jurors with new jurors from the venire, and continuing with this process until the defendant' s lawyer is satisfied with the pan- el. He then accepts the panel and tenders it back to the plaintiff. The plaintiff' s lawyer can then exercise peremptory challenges against jurors he had not previously (以前) accepted. This process goes back and forth until both sides accept the same panel of jurors. Alternate jurors, if necessary, are picked through the same process. The traditional method also has advantages and disadvantages. Its advantage is that only those jurors in the jury box need to be questioned. Its disadvantages are that it permits a great deal of gamesmanship during the selection process. Keep in mind that the two selection methods described above are not the only methods employed. There are numerous (很多的) variations of these methods. The safest course is always to learn in advance how the jury for your particular (特定的) case and in front of the particular judge will be selected.

单选题 More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to compete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a large share of the international market to balance its import and export trade. French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the workers' income. Wages, it is true, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there were full-time and over-time employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages. The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared that this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}}You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

单选题 Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that sign languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy-whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd. among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered, might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as "substandard". Stokoe's idea was academic heresy It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a care near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound, but sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space."What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff."

单选题 You will hear some dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to read your answer. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. Questions 11～14 are based on the following conversation.

单选题In order to continue the marriages of the shiftworkers,______.

单选题When can a fairy story terrify a child according to the author?

单选题The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature. Two Houses-Senate and House of Representatives make the laws. Before a bill may be sent to the President to sign, both houses must approve. When great agreement exists on a bill, the law moves quickly. However, most suggested laws are complex and relate to interests and conflicts which need debate and careful consideration. 　　Both houses of Congress use the committee system to handle the numerous bills. A bill is referred to the committee responsible for that category ― whether taxation, foreign affairs, housing or whatever. In the committee the bill is studied, arguments are collected for and against, and advice is gathered from experts on the subject. Citizens have the chance to influence legislation through the committee system. If the committee votes favorably, the bill goes before the entire house. Usually committee approval means favorable action by the Senate and House of Representatives. 　　As a result, membership on the more important committees is eagerly sought. How long a senator or representative has served in Congress is most important in assigning committee memberships Usually the majority political party receives a majority of the memberships of each committee. In this way the party controls decisions because the real work and power of Congress lies in the system of committees. Some people protest that this system restricts laws, but most see this as the system that works best.

单选题 Questions 18～21 are based on the following conversation.

单选题A nutritionist does diet studies by ______.

单选题WhyareLondontaxidriversveryefficient?A.Becausetheyhaveadrivinglicense.B.Becausetheyhavereceivedspecialtraining.C.BecausethetrafficconditionsinLondonaregood.D.Becausethetrafficsystemofthecityisnotverycomplex.

单选题In the USA square dancing has been the most popular style of folk dance for quite a long time. In early days, people danced happily with each other once their farm work was finished. At that time music mainly originated from the violin. However, people used clapping to produce the rhythm if there was no one who could play a musical instrument. Settlers danced in a kitchen, a store, or on a farm. Four couples are needed to form a square, all of whom stand in face of the center of the square. Every couple stand on one side of the square, the man on the left and the woman right. The caller plays an important role in the dance, because he needs to tell the dancers which steps they should take. He will teach the dancers steps if they don't know. Becoming a good caller takes much time. No doubt good callers are in demand forever. Following are the names of some common steps: Form a square; Circle; Honor your partner; Swing your partner; Form a star. Just name these. When the callers tell the dancers what to do next, they move to form the pattern he orders. People, be it many or few, can dance at the same time. You can see up to 1, 000 people dancing at one time. Sometimes only eight people of a square are dancing. People who do square dance wear special clothes, which makes dance even more pleasant to watch. One place's special clothes vary greatly from other places'. Women always wear skirts of various colors with a wonderful blouse, while men are dressed in shirts and trousers which they wear only when they do square dance. Nowadays in the US you can still find some schools, clubs, or groups that are square dancing for great fun.

单选题It was the day I froze a household pet that I began to worry about my memory. Technically, it was not a real household pet I froze but a bag of tropical fish, which on the scale of beloved members of any home, rank somewhere below the family cat and above all attractive set of coasters. And technically, I didn't completely freeze my fish. Rather, I absent-mindedly tossed them into the refrigerator with a bag of other things I had bought and fortunately found them just before my highly sensitive tropical fish could turn into lightly breaded dinner fish. Nonetheless, that near-death experience--for the fish, if not for me--woke me up to the fact that my memory might not be all it once was. In the hope of improving my memory, I decided I would first try the memory books. However, much of what I read was, at first blush, utterly forgettable. If I was truly going to juice up my recall, however, book reading wouldn't cut it. What I needed was some kind of memory pill. The big bat in the memory--pill lineup is ginkgo biloba, the dried leaf of the maidenhair tree, thought to improve circulation and, in theory, memory. I decided to try it. The package warned that in addition to any other problems, ginkgo can cause "mild stomach discomfort". After just one pill, I discovered that the package was--how best to put this? --not kidding. It's hard to say if my memory improved in the little time I was on ginkgo, but I can say I had no trouble at all remembering to eat a tasteless diet for several days afterward. For me, the answer to memory problems was not in the medicine chest, but that didn't mean I was a hopeless case. My recall had improved after two weeks in the memory-improvement battle. I may not be able to read a magazine and instantly memorize it, but I now remember to buy it when I get to the store. I may not be able to memorize hundreds of names and faces, but at least I won't meet an Alex at a party and find myself calling him Alan or Alvin or Evelyn.

单选题{{I}} Questions 14 ～ 17 are based on a talk between a doctor and his patient.{{/I}}

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单选题In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ______ enough to get into universities.