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单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves; contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community's concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not person- ally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped be cause so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the enviroment, and to retain familiar landmarks.

单选题 Directions Read the following, text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D. Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. {{U}}(26) {{/U}} a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the {{U}}(27) {{/U}} in the reading even if they don't discuss it in class or take an exam. The {{U}}(28) {{/U}} student is considered to be {{U}}(29) {{/U}} who is motivated to learn for the sake of {{U}}(30) {{/U}} , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned {{U}}(31) {{/U}} brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is {{U}}(32) {{/U}} for learning the material assigned. When research is {{U}}(33) {{/U}}, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with {{U}}(34) {{/U}} guidance. It is the {{U}}(35) {{/U}} responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain {{U}}(36) {{/U}} a university library works; they expect students, {{U}}(37) {{/U}} graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference {{U}}(38) {{/U}} in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but {{U}}(39) {{/U}} that their students should not be {{U}}(40) {{/U}} dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties {{U}}(41) {{/U}} teaching, such as administratire or research work. {{U}}(42) {{/U}}, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is {{U}}(43) {{/U}}. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either {{U}}(44) {{/U}} a professor during office hours {{U}}(45) {{/U}} make an appointment.

单选题The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells______ .

单选题WhatwasthereportgivenbytheweatherstationinChicago?A.Sunnyskies.B.Cloudiness,butnorain.C.Lightshowers.D.Thunderstorms.

单选题Whatdowelearnabouttheman?

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

单选题The resident who hit a "Jersey gate" on the New Jersey Expressway must have ______.

单选题The author believes that myths ________.

单选题When the author called Margaret at the news of her resignation, he felt she

单选题 Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage.

单选题A serious environmental problem resulting from automobiles is _________.

单选题Whom are the speakers expecting to come soon?

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单选题Questions 4-7 are based on a talk about Joe"s new neighbors.