Nowadays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation' s political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It' s often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world. America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess(威力)over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic(有讽刺性的)that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership. The competitiveness of America' s industrial base is an issue bigger than the department of defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society, government, industry, and education. That is not to say that the defense department will not be a strong force in the process. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior(救星)of American industry.

There is a common response to America among foreign writers: The US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche(陈词滥调). In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.【B1】 1No class system or government stands in the way. Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.【B2】 2Over the past 25 years, the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6. 7 times that of the bottom fifth. 【B3】 3 Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969.【B4】 4This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12. 7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world. Yet the tax burden on America' s rich is falling, not growing.【B5】 5There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.[A]Now it is 9. 8 times.[B]As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.[C]There are lots of wealth in American.[D]Nobody is poor in the US.[E]The top 1 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.[F]For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.[G]All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top. 【B1】

Late last year, I needed to transport some furniture from our house in Sussex to my son' s flat in central London. I should have paid a man to do it for me, but foolishly confident in my driving ability, I decided to hire a van and drive it myself. It was a Ford Transit 280, long and wide: you couldn' t see out of the back. You never really knew how close you were to anything else on the road. Reversing in my home yard, I crashed into a small shed, causing permanent damage. At least I owned the shed. I loaded up the furniture and set out. By now it was rush hour. My nerves broke down, as I steered the huge van through ever-shifting lanes, across oncoming vehicles, between distances of buses, at last to Charlotte Street. Here, I found an available parking space. As I reversed into it, I noticed three people at a pavement cafe waving to me. I got out, trembling violently, like one who has just endured a stormy Atlantic crossing. "You' ve shifted the car parked behind you three feet," they said, and it belonged to a disabled person. I examined the car. There were white scratches along its front bumper. It bore a disabled sign. So, now I was a bad driver and a bad man. Under the stem gaze of the three, I left an apologetic note on the damaged car' s windscreen, giving my phone number. I unloaded the furniture, dripping with sweat. Wanting only to escape the monster , I drove the van back to its base on the Edgware Road. On arrival, the hire man told me I must fill it up with petrol before returning it. " Just charge me," I cried, still shaking with fear. He gazed at me with understanding. No doubt he' d witnessed others in this state before. "How about I drive you to a petrol station, you fill up, and I drive her back?" he asked. He danced the great van through the traffic so casually that it would have shamed me if I had not been so grateful.

Suppose you are invited to a party at Nancy's home but you can't attend it because you will have an exam on the same day. Write a letter of apology to Nancy. Your letter should include:1) your apology and the reason2) your suggestion for another get-together You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Wang Lin" instead. You do not need to write the address.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. A 23-year-old Chinese woman has died after her mobile phone exploded while it was being charged. Miss Zhao was found dead in Shijiazhuang, the capital city of northeast China' s Hebei province. She was talking to her boyfriend on her mobile phone, but suddenly went silent. After the boyfriend failed to get a response in a prolonged period of time, he rushed to Zhao' s home. It was already too late, as the phone had clearly exploded in her hands, and her entire chest had been burned. This piece of news draws public attention to the using safety of electronic devices, especially the most commonly used mobile phone, and provides information that will be of great value in assessing the safety of cell phone use. Liang Guangchuan, a researcher from Hebei University of Technology, says the tragedy could be caused by a faulty charger and electric leakage of the lithium battery. He suggests that to be on the safe side, one should avoid using his or her mobile phone while it is being charged. This accident caused great response in the population of cell phone users. A cell phone user replied in an interview, " I swear, after I post this comment, I will never play with my mobile phone again when the battery is still being charged. " A sample of comments on Weibo: " Should the cell phone producer be responsible for this accident and make effort to broadcast the knowledge of cell phone using safety?"

Please write a notice entitled "No Smoking" to put on the carriages of a train. You should use approximately 100 words. It may include the following points:1)no smoking in the carriages. Smoking is only permitted in the Smoking Area.2)smoking is not only bad for smokers' health but also bad for people around them.3)anyone who smokes in the carriages will be fined.

It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work. Her bus had inched along through the heavy traffic, making her a few minutes late for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day. Once inside the lobby, she had to stand at the elevators and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked " Smith Enterprise" , she knocked at the door nervously and waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door a-gain, but still there was no answer. From inside the next office, she could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and went in. Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had the interview with Mr. Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the room, somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought, because there was a loud burst of laughter as she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her. Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his hands and said something to the others. Quickly they all went to their desks, and in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. Then Marie realized that the day' s work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning, arriving in the office at 9: 35, so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead , they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmers away. The increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

Anne: I really don' t think that it' s moral to target children with advertisements, as they are not yet able to distinguish advertising from actual programming in the way adults can. This means that advertising aimed at children is misleading and unfair. It is also clearly effective, as otherwise advertisers would not spend hundreds of millions of dollars each year targeting children who are not yet able to resist their sales pitch. John: Advertising aimed at children brings negative social consequences, as much of it is for food and drinks that are unhealthy. Encouraging naive children to consume so much fatty, sugary and salty food is morally wrong because it creates overweight, unhealthy youngsters, with bad eating habits that will be with them for life. Society may pay a high price in terms of the extra medical care such children will eventually require. Lily: I think banning advertisements is a severe restriction upon freedom of speech. Companies should be able to tell the public about any legal products, or innovation will be restricted and new companies will find it hard to market their products successfully in the face of established rivals. Children also have a human right to receive information from a wide range of sources and make up their own minds about it. Ross: Children naturally like foods that are rich in fats and sugar. They give them the energy they need to play energetically and grow healthily. It is true that eating only such foods is bad for people, but this is a problem of bad parenting rather than the fault of advertising. If advertising to children were banned, then governments would not be able to use this means of promoting healthy eating. Julia: Children are not naive innocents, but clever consumers who can distinguish at a very young age between advertisements and programs, and understand that advertisements can be misleading. This essential learning process is, in fact, developed through exposure to advertisements. It is also assisted by responsible parenting that does not just leave children alone in front of the television, but spends some time watching with them and discussing what is seen. Now match the name of each person(36-40)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements[A]Parents' bad lifestyle influences their children.[B]It' s not right to ban advertisements.[C]Don't blame advertisements for kids' bad eating habits.[D]Children are easily misled by advertisements.[E]Watching TV advertisements is a process of learning for kids.[F]It' s time to ban advertisements aimed at children.[G]Advertisements aimed at children may bring trouble to society.

Simon: I work not because I like it but that I have to, so I often count the minutes until stopping work or holidays. However, my sister is totally different. She enjoys her work so much that she often spends extra time on her job even take work home with her. I think she is so crazy about work just as some people are about drugs or alcohol. I could hardly understand it.Matthew: Work is a core element of our lives. It gives us a sense of identity in the larger world outside the personal circle of family and friends. However, there are some people for whom work occupies an even more central place in their lives. Workaholics are a stereotype of modern life, and they are both praised and criticized. On the one hand, it may be the accepted way of earning promotion. On the other hand, workaholics are often viewed as neglecting aspects of life such as family and leisure that are important for maintaining a healthy equilibrium.Andrew: In cities, workaholism is so common that people do not regard it as unusual. I think workaholics prefer to work rather than do anything else because they don' t know how to kill time if they don' t work. They can only get pleasure from work. Work is everything for them.Colin: Workaholism is dangerous in a sense because it can cause some problems. First of all, workaholics often have health problems because they don't have time to relax and keep themselves occupied all the time. Secondly, their family life is not happy since they spend little time with their family. Their marriage may even ends in divorce.Vincent: Being a workaholic can mean you achieve great things, but more people achieve great things without being addicted to work. Workaholics need time away from work and when I say " away from" I mean psychologically distanced from it as well as physically. If you are still obsessing about work when you should be focused on your loved ones or an outside of work activity then you are still basically working. Now match the name of each person (36-40) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements[A] Some people appreciate those who pay almost all their attention on work. [B] If you don't get rid of workaholism, you may get ill. [C] To get promotion, you need to be a workaholic. [D] Workaholics' behaviors are hard to understand. [E] Workaholics had better have some time with no work. [F] It's hard for workaholics to be away from work psychologically. [G] Workaholics don't know how to enjoy themselves except working.

What is the woman' s major?

Directions:Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Hengshui No. 2 High School in northeast China' s Hebei province has installed metal bars on all balconies to prevent students from committing suicide. The move came after two students jumped to their deaths within six months. The high school is considered one of the best in the country. To guarantee that their students would be admitted by top universities, Hengshui No. 2 is run with military-style management. All students must get up at 5:30 a. m. and study 10 hours a day. All meals must be finished within 15 minutes and toilet breaks are less than three minutes. Pictures of the school' s new balcony fences first appeared on Weibo last week, along with banners bearing inspiring slogans such as " key to the success of the college entrance examination is to succeed every day in every subject and every question. " Most Chinese netizens were shocked by the metal bars. They agreed that instead of installing metal bars, why doesn' t the school provide psychological counseling and guidance? That may help! Some others think protecting students was not the school' s first intention. The school is attempt to shirk responsibilities. However a few people showed understanding. They think that in a small city like Hengshui, succeeding in the college entrance examination is the only to lead to a bright future. If the students can survive it, they can make it.

阅读理解In 2009, Dan Black was hit by a car in his hometown of Chepstow, Wales, as he was biking to his job at a grocery store

阅读理解Mike： Praise often and sincerely---its as simple as that

阅读理解Text 1 In 1997, 25 Japanese citizens, all older than 60, launched Jeeba ( the name means old man and old woman）to make senior-friendly products

阅读理解Americas Internet is faster than ever before, but people still complain about their Internet being too slow

作文题You have read the following magazine advertisement in which a British girl is looking for pen-friends and you want to get in touch with her. Name: Helen Young Age: 21 Interest: collecting coins, stamps and postcards; learning different language All letters will be answered. Address: 42 Johnson Street, Edinburgh, EH91 LN, UK Write a letter to her (Helen Young) , telling her about: (1) your family; (2) your schooling or work; (3) your hobbies. You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Wang Lin" instead. You do not need to write the address.

作文题Belowisatableshowingtheincomesbasedondifferenteducationallevel.Lookatthetableandwriteanessayofabout120wordsmakingreferencetothefollowingpoints:　　1.therelationbetweentheincomesandtheeducationallevel　　2.Whatcausesthischange　　3.What''sthetrendinthefuture

作文题Lookatthepicturesbelowandwriteanessaytitled“WhereDoYouChoosetoLive”ofabout120wordsmakingreferencetothefollowingtwopoints:　　1.adescriptionofthesetwopictures　　2.yourcommentonthecomparisonbetweenthetwodifferentpictures

作文题Belowisapictureshowingthatthecommunitynewspaperboardiscoveredbyadvertisements．Lookatthepictureandwriteanessayofabout120wordsmakingreferencetothe　　followingtwopoints：　　1)whattheproblemisandwhatcausestheproblem；　　2)howtoimprovethesituation．