单选题

单选题Directions： You will hear four dialogues or monologues．Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it．While listening, answer each question by choosingA, B, C or D．After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question．You will hear the recording only once． Questions 11-14 are based on a conversation about exercising．

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单选题Water is important for pupils to study, not only because it is so abundant, covering three times as much of the earth's surface as land does. It is the most common substance in living plant and animal tissues; without it, most other chemicals needed for life could not get into or out of cells. Its floatability makes it possible to move people and cargoes by ship--without which early exploration and commerce would have been impossible. Hydroelectric(水电) stations are and will continue to be a major source of electrical energy. Water is also important for sanitation (卫生) and recreation. Early experiences with liquids should include those dealing with floatability, change of state, and surface films. Children should investigate under what conditions objects sink or float, both in water and in other liquids. They should watch ice melt, and water freeze, and evaporate. They should also observe other substances that change state easily, such as candle wax and butter. And they should observe the wide range of chemicals that dissolve in water. In their investigations, pupils should become aware of the ease with which certain liquids evaporate and of the danger of strong-smelling substances such as those from cleaning fluids and gasoline. They should experience the pleasure of playing in and around water, but they should also be made aware of the hazards(危险) and be taught to play safely. Pupils must learn of society's increasing demands upon fresh water and develop a healthy concern for how it is used. The amount of water on earth does not change; it is only recycled. What is used for pupils today is part of the same water used even by Columbus and Cleopatra! Finally, pupils should come to appreciate the different kinds of methods by which fresh water is transported from the sea to land areas. They should know the potential(潜力) of the sea--for all practical purposes, the last frontier on earth--for additional fresh water, for food, and for chemicals. They also should understand the importance of the sea for transportation and recreation, as well as for its effect on weather.

单选题Lucy knew nothing about it ______ her sister told her. A. because B. until C. since

单选题 {{I}}Questions 18 ～ 21 are based on the following dialogue between two friends talking about traveling:{{/I}}

单选题A public "scribe" ( Para. 2) is ______.

单选题Questions 18-21 are based on the following interview with John Smith, chairman of National Weight and Health Association (NWHA).

单选题Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

单选题Who'stheman?

单选题The Supreme Court"s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an actions has two effects— a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen— is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who" until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. " George Annas, chairman of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It"s like surgery," he says. "We don"t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn"t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you"re a physician, you can risk your patient"s suicide as long as you don"t intend their suicide. " On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court"s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, approaching death. Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of" ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translates into better care. " Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitudes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension".

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单选题"A cultural minority" could be described as ______.