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The technology of the North American colonies did
not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists
enjoyed a great advantage.Especially by comparison with Britain,Americans had a
wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists did
not, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a continuous
forest.Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many
points.Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early
colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests.By the end of
the colonial era, the price of wood had risen slightly in eastern cities, but
wood was still extremely abundant. The availability of wood
brought advantages that have seldom been appreciated. Wood was a foundation of
the economy.Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree
unknown in Britain.Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and
cooking.Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds,
such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder, and
tannic acid, used for tanning leather. The supply of wood
conferred advantages but had some negative aspects as well. Iron at that time
was produced by heating iron ore with charcoal.Because Britain was so stripped
of trees,she was unable to exploit her rich iron mines.But the American colonies
had both iron ore and wood;iron production was encouraged and becamesuccessful.
However, when Britain developed coke smelting, the colonies did not follow suit
because they had plenty of wood and besides, charcoal iron was stronger than
coke iron.Coke smelting led to technological innovations and was linked to the
emergence of the Industrial Revolution.In the early nineteenth century, the
former colonies lagged behind Britain in industrial development because their
supply of wood led them to cling to charcoal
iron.
单选题That afternoon Molly almost danced along the street, as she walked home with her father from the station. They had seen Mrs. Gibson and Cynthia off to London. She wished her step - mother would take herself off to London much more often. "Well now, Dad." she said, "I'm going to have you all to my- self for a whole week. You must be very obedient." "I hope you aren' t going to boss me, Molly. You' re walking me out of breath already. We mustn' t pass Mrs. Goodmays in our hurry." They crossed the street to speak to Mrs. Goodmays, one of the doctor' s patients. "We' ve just been seeing my wife and her daughter off to London. They've gone up for a week." "Dear me, to London, and only for a week!" said Mrs. Goodmays, with surprise. "It seems hardly worth the packing. It'll be lonely for you, Molly, without your stepsister." "Yes," said Molly, suddenly feeling as if she ought to have taken this view of the case. "I' 11 miss Cynthia." "And you, Dr. Gibson, I hope you won' t feel like widower once again. You must come and have supper with me one evening. What about Tuesday?" Dr. Gibson felt a sharp blow on his leg from the toe of Molly' s shoe, but even so he accepted the invitation, much to the old lady' s satisfaction. A moment later Molly said to him, "How could you go and waste one of our precious evening! We' ve only got five now. I' ve been planning all sorts of things for us to do tonight." "What sort of things'?." "Oh, I don' t know. Things you used to like." She looked at him boldly. "Forbidden things now." Her father's eyes lit up, but his face remained serious. "I'm not going to be pulled down, Molly. With hard work and sensible guidance I' ye reached a very fair height of civilized behavior, and there I' m going to stay." "Oh, no, you' re not. We' re having bread and cheese for sup per tonight, in armchairs in front of the TV ! And you shall wear your dressing - gown at breakfast tomorrow--and every morning for a week ! And you shall read the paper at the dining-table f That' s only a start. I haven' t finished by a long way yet./
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单选题What'stheairportlike?A.Ahotel.B.Amarket.C.Amadhouse.D.Ahospital.
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单选题"A buyer will get something for nothing "in Paragraph 2 most probably means that______.
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单选题What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
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单选题Questions 23—25 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read the questions 23—25.
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单选题The police______running after the thief. [A] am [B] is [C] are
单选题We may conclude, in regard to the author's development as a writer, that his father ________.
单选题Whycan'ttheymeetonThursday?
单选题Questions 18 ~ 21 are based on the following dialogue about buying tickets.
