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单选题{{I}} Questions 11-14 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 11-14.{{/I}}

单选题 Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very considerable proportion of the world at large, live. Advertising is indispensable as a means of communicating with others, of telling them about the goods and services that are provided, and of which most of them would never get to hear at all if it were not for advertising. And advertising is extremely helpful to promote a rising standard of living. In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of a commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes a host of other activities such as packaging, shop displays and—in the sense of communication—even the spoken word of the salesman. After ail, the resources of advertising are to be found in the market place. For many years it was considered that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the manufacture of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is important that we go out and sell what we have, and advertising plays an important role in this aspect, whether selling at home or in export markets. About two percent of the UK gross national product is relied on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Certainly, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article when purchased dries not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously exceedingly un- likely that the article will sell well.

单选题To make his pupils over the period is the purpose of the teacher, in which each printed symbol stands for a certain shape, and tries to get a goal that the pupil reads words and phrases for their meaning, rather than noticing the shapes of the separate letters. When focusing on work, an excellent reader does not look at letters, nor even at words one by one; instead, he looks through the meaning of two, three, or four words at one time, in a short time. To concentrate the eyes of a person who is reading, you will find that they do not go through smoothly along the lines of print, but jump over the parts which they are not interested in. The eyes of a very excellent reader move rapidly, taking long jumps and making very short intervals(停顿): in contrast, an awful reader's eyes move more slowly, there are only short jumps and he stops longer at each interval. When he confronts a problem, he even chooses to turn back to see again what he has already read before. Therefore, the teacher's task is clear: training his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one eye-jump) and avoid going backwards to read something one more time. This indicates that, it is wrong to use the finger pointing to the word, reading letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable, or word-by-word, carefully staring at each one in turn. The reason why it is improper is that such a method draws the pupil's eyes down to a very short jump, and the goal is to train for the long jump. Furthermore, a very short jump is not enough to provide any meaning or sense: and it is true that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again so as to get the meaning of the whole phrase he reads.

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单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer -- A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.{{/I}}

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the following dialogue．

单选题Fishing adds only about one percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can contribute extremely to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the world's supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source. Fishing typically does not need land ownership, and because it remains, generally, open to all, it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world—an occupation when there are no other choices. Worldwide, about 200 million people rely on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, over five million people fish full-time. In northern Chile forty percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry—until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s that left tens of thousands of people out of work. Though debates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P. Sissenwine and Andrew A. Rosenberg of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depleted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainable use would add about $ 8 billion to the U. S. gross domestic product—and provide about 300,000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about twenty million metric tons could be added to the world's annual catch. But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability (收益) and economic security will require a continual reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover. The necessary reductions in fishing workforce need not come at the expense of jobs. Governments could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by guiding subsidies away from highly mechanised ships. For each $1,000,000 of investment, industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people, while small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 and 3,000. Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.

单选题 IQuestions 22-25 are based on the following dialogue between a librarian and a student./I

单选题 You will hear some dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to read your answer. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. Questions 11 ～ 14 are based on the following passage.

单选题WhyisitdifficulttolocateCambridgeUniversity?A.Becausetherearenosignsofdirection.B.Becauseitliesinaremoteplace.C.Becausetheuniversityiseverywhereinthecity.D.Becausetherearenoguidesavailable.