单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Fishing adds only about one percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can contribute extremely to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the world's supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source. Fishing typically does not need land ownership, and because it remains, generally, open to all, it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world—an occupation when there are no other choices. Worldwide, about 200 million people rely on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, over five million people fish full-time. In northern Chile forty percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry—until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s that left tens of thousands of people out of work. Though debates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P. Sissenwine and Andrew A. Rosenberg of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depleted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainable use would add about $ 8 billion to the U. S. gross domestic product—and provide about 300,000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about twenty million metric tons could be added to the world's annual catch. But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability (收益) and economic security will require a continual reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover. The necessary reductions in fishing workforce need not come at the expense of jobs. Governments could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by guiding subsidies away from highly mechanised ships. For each $1,000,000 of investment, industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people, while small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 and 3,000. Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.

单选题 {{I}} Questions 14～17 are based on the following dialogue on traveling.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1.{{/I}}

单选题At the European Commission in Brussels, they have a joke about the work interpreters do ― "Languages", they say," have nothing to do with interpretation, it helps to know them. "Anyone thinking of becoming an interpreter would bear this so well in mind. Translating languages, especially in a political context, involves far more than mere linguistic ability. 　　To work in an international organization, such as the United Nations, you need to be approved by one of the various international translators'' or interpreters'' associations. To achieve this, you must experience rigorous and lengthy training, either at an accrediting organization''s own school, or on a postgraduate course at university. But a qualification in languages is not the only route into the job. At London''s University of Westminster, candidates get offered a place on the interpreter'' s course if they can show that they have" lived a bit", in the words of one lecture. Young people who have just left university often lack adequate experience of life. 　　The University also looks for candidates who have lived for long time in the countries where their acquired languages are spoken. They are also expected to have wide cultural interests and a good knowledge of current affairs. This broad range of interests are essential in a job which can require interpreting discussions of disarmament on Monday, international fishing rights on Tuesday, multinational finance on Wednesday, and the building and construction industry on Thursday. 　　Interpreters also rely on adrenaline (肾上腺素) ― which is caused by the stress and challenges of the job ― to keep them going through their demanding schedules. Many admit that they enjoy the buzz of adrenaline they get from the job, and it'' s known that their heart rates speed up while they are working. 　　It''s also a job with its own risks and excitement. Interpreters are needed in war zones as well as in centres of international diplomacy, like the UN.

单选题Simpson The global financial crisis of 2008—2009 began in July 2007 when a loss of confide- nce by investors in the value of securitized mortgages in the United States resulted in a liquidity crisis that prompted a substantial injection of capital into financial markets by the United States Federal Reserve, Bank of England and the European Central Bank. The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatil (反复无常的) for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008. Amy In September 2008, the crisis deepened, as stock markets worldwide crashed and en- tered a period of high volatility, and a considerable number of banks, mortgage lenders and insurance companies failed in the following weeks. For many months before September 2008, many business journals published commentaries warning about the financial stability and risk management practices of leading US and European investment banks, insurance firms and mortgage banks consequent to the subprime mortgage crisis (次贷抵押危机). Oliver The ultimate point of origin of the great financial crisis of 2007—2009 can be traced back to an extremely indebted US economy. The collapse of the real estate market in 2006 was the close point of origin of the crisis. Beginning with failures caused by misapplication of risk controls for bad debts, collateralization (附带，并行) of debt insurance and fraud, large financial institutions in the United States and Europe faced a credit crisis and a slowdown in economic activity. Wright The crisis rapidly developed and spread into a global economic shock, resulting in a number of European bank failures, declines in various stock indexes, and large reductions in the market value of equities and commodities. Moreover, the de-leveraging of financial institutions further accelerated the liquidity crisis and caused a decrease in international trade. World political leaders, national ministers of finance and central bank directors coordinated their efforts to reduce fears, but the crisis continued. Judith By March 9, 2009, the Dow had fallen to 6440, a percentage decline exceeding the pace of the market's fall during the Great Depression and a level which the index had last seen in 1996. On March 10, 2009, a countertrend Bear Market Rally began, taking the Dow up to 7900 by March 26, 2009. Financial stocks were up more than 60% during this rally. By April 14, financial stocks had rallied more than 90% in just over a month. Now match each of the persons to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. StatementsA. After financial stocks hit the lowest on March 9, 2009, a countertrend Bear Market rally began.B. In September 2008, the crisis deepened, mortgage lenders and insurance companies failed in the following weeks.C. The crisis rapidly developed and spread into a global economic shock, because of the failures of a number of European banks.D. The crisis rapidly developed and spread into a global economic shock, leading to a number of European bank failures. E. The beginning of the global financial crisis is a loss of confidence by investors in the value of securitized mortgages in the US in July 2007. F. Many business journals published commentaries warning about the financial stability because they were able to predict the future economy. G. The ultimate point of origin of the great financial crisis of 2007—2009 can be traced back to an extremely indebted US economy.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 22-25 are based on the following passage.{{/I}}

单选题What's the author's comment on Carl Sandburg's biography of Lincoln?

单选题The word "obsession" (Para 3)in this passage means ______.

单选题Whenever I see anyone buying a National Lottery ticket I want to stop them and ask if they know just where their money is going. The lottery money is supposed to go to charity--but it makes me angry to see some of the so-called "good causes" it's being used to support. Also, Camelon, the organizers, have made a profit of ￡10.8 million in five months. We hear now that a lot of that money is boosting the pay packets of the company's bosses. For the past 10 years I've been helping to raise funds for a cancer research charity called Tenovus. My husband, Sandy, died from cancer 11 years ago--he was only 51. There's been a long line of deaths in our family through cancer and it's been devastating. I've also lost two sisters-in-law, my brother, Michael, my father-in-law and my father. That's apart from several close friends. The charity is 50 years old now and raises money mainly for breast cancer research. It also runs a support line for the families of cancer sufferers. Our local group raises money through dances, sales and coffee mornings, and all the funds go directly to cancer research. In 1993 Tenovus raised￡3 million--and half that money came from sales of our own lottery tickets at supermarkets. But our income has dropped by half since the National Lottery was introduced. I'm not against people playing the National Lottery, but they should think about what they're doing. The chances of winning the jackpot are so small; they might as well throw their money away. The government tells us that the proceeds are going to things like the arts and sports, but what about the National Health Service? They should give some cash to that, too. How can they justify spending ridiculous amounts of cash on so-called works of art--like displays of pictures--or buying up Winston Churchill's papers at a cost of ￡12 million? So who really are the winners in the National Lottery? When I think of all that money people could be donating to cancer research, I could weep. It's time people realized how charities across the country are suffering because of the National Lottery. It's disheartening and so infuriating.

单选题WhyareLondontaxidriversveryefficient?

单选题 {{I}} Questions 11 ～13 are based on the following dialogue between two friends talking about a telegram.{{/I}}

单选题Wheredothespeakerswork?A.Atanartschool.B.Atanewspaperoffice.C.Atastadium.D.Atapublishinghouse.

单选题How many companies were involved in producing the hydranlic part for the film Tianic?

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he'll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely(过早地，不到期地) and totally without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder—composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝采) for his outstanding contributions to the music world. As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join in his sighted brothers as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the usually disabled are so dependent. Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica (口琴) ,and listened to the radio. Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir(唱诗班) and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊) of neighbors' homes. One of Stevie's sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie's talent and took him to audition(试听) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit "Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie's story is music history.