单选题Public-health concerns include—but are not limited to— issues such as smoking and secondhand smoke, substance abuse, and AIDS. Smoking is a major health risk, since it is one of the top three risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Furthermore, spouses and co-workers of smokers share this danger, since their exposure to so-called "secondhand smoke" increases their risks for cancer, asthma, and respiratory infections. As a result, many employees have banned smoking from the workplace. Substance abuse, including alcohol abuse, is a serious public-health problem in the United States. Motor vehicle accidents are a major killer, and drunk drivers cause many serious crashes. Alcohol abuse has also been linked to serious diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver. For these reasons, public opposition to alcohol advertising is steadily growing. Many consumers view both alcohol and tobacco advertising as socially irresponsible. Some brewers have tried to counter these views by sponsoring advertising campaigns that promote moderation. AIDS represents a different type of challenge to business firms when dealing with the consequences of this terrible disease. AIDS is a fatal disease that breaks down the body's ability to defend itself against illness and infection. AIDS is especially dangerous because a long time (typically five years) elapses between someone's first exposure to the AIDS virus and actual development of the disease. During this period, people may not show any symptoms of AIDS, and they probably don't even know they have it, but they are still carriers who can give the disease to others. This large pool of unknown carriers accounts for the rapid spread of the disease. In 1982, only 1,013 cases of AIDS were reported; today the victims number over 200,000. The rapid spread of AIDS has forced companies to educate their employees about it and to deal with employees who have the deadly disease. Health care for AIDS patients can be incredibly expensive, straining the ability of a small company to pay for health-care'coverage. Do companies have the right to test potential employees for the AIDS virus? Some people feel that this would violate the rights of job applicants; others feel that a firm has a responsibility not to place AIDS patients in jobs where they could infect members of the general public. These are difficult questions; in resolving them, a business must balance the rights of individuals against the rights of society in general.

单选题For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards" , and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological " drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to " reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children''s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights, and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek''s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Afree-timejob.B.Apart-timejob.C.Awell-paidjob.D.Acomfortablejob.

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单选题Howshouldthewomanpayforthebooksasthemansuggests?

单选题Questions 11 ～ 14 are based on the following passage.

单选题Arthur implies that to start a business in times of change, people have to ______.

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单选题WhatdegreewasPatrickabouttoreceive?A.Amaster'sdegreeinbusinessadministration.B.Amaster'sdegreeinengineering.C.Abachelor'sdegreeinengineering.D.Adoctor'sdegreeineconomics.

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单选题What is the woman's reply?