单选题 Questions 18～21 are based on the following talk of a lab instructor.

单选题To meet strict air-pollution standards scheduled to take effect over the next few years, oil companies are racing to make their fossil fuels as pollution free as the alternatives, chiefly methanol and natural gas. Last week Atlantic Richfield, the eighth largest U.S. oil company, said it had developed just such a fuel: a cleaner-burning gasoline that the company claims will cut toxic emissions nearly 50%. If making a better gasoline is so easy, why hasn't anyone done it before? The simple answer: cleaner fuels are more expensive. A gallon of ARCO's new gas—ECX—will cost about 16 cents more at the pump than standard gasoline. If ARCO simply passed those charges on to its customers, they would soon find new places to refuel. But the Los Angeles based company knows that California is about to set new fuel standards that will require all oil companies in the state to reformulate their gasoline or switch to alternative fuels. ARCO has no plans to sell ECX until it is ordered to meet the new standards, which will take effect soon. Producing cleaner gasoline is a matter of improving the refining process. Gasoline is a mixture of as many as 100 carbon-based compounds obtained from crude oil by selectively distilling, i.e. getting rid of various hydrocarbons. ARCO's goal was to reduce the concentration of pollutant elements. To make ECX, the company's chemists have to add compounds that cost more to refine. The cleaner gas has advantages over rival fuels like methanol M85, a mixture of 15% gasoline and 85% alcohol, which costs 25 cents to 40 cents more than standard gasoline. Unlike methanol, ECX can be used in any car without mechanical adjustments or loss of power. As a result, the development could stop the massive switchover to alternative fuels. Switching to such fuels as methanol and natural gas would require retooling the millions of cars built each year and installing new pumps and tanks at 200,000 US service stations. It would also end the cozy auto-fuel monopoly the oil industry has enjoyed for nearly a century.

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单选题Howlongwilltheadultsandteenagersinthisprogramlivetogether?A.Fiveweeks.B.Sixweeks.C.Sevenweeks.D.Eightweeks.

单选题The expression" a variety of tests" (Line 1, Para. 3) means ______.

单选题People usually pay more attention to avoiding disasters after they have been struck by them. (26) this concern, the year 2006 is a milestone for rational behavior. The memory of the violence attack 9/11 is still (27) in American people's minds. After they saw hurricane Katrina, which is the most serious disaster in U.S. history on (28) TV, those people that didn't know it before should have assumed that disaster can take place. They are made (29) worse by our wayward fatuity to risk as well as our (30) to work together before the thing goes too bad. That is true. Some false opinion is probably part of the (31) condition. Pompeii was badly destroyed by a quake in A. D. 63. However, the local people went to work (32) quickly until they were buried together by a volcano eruption 16 years later in the same spot. However, a (33) of the past history of disaster shows that modern Americans are extremely bad at (34) themselves from threats. We can know more than we (35) did about the dangers. But it turns (36) that when encountering crisis, in most cases, it is ourselves (37) the storm, the quake or the (38) is our greatest enemy. Then what has taken place in the period (39) the disaster on the Gulf Coast? The Army Corps of Engineers in New Orleans has worked hard to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to (40) they. were before Katrina. Now we can say confidently that it's not (41) . However it could be all (42) can be expected from the hard work. Those New Orleans officials have drafted a plan to use buses and trains to (43) the sick and the disabled. It has been estimated that about 15,000 people could need a (44) out. But the state officials have not decided yet where these people will be taken. The (45) with neighboring communities are continuing and hard.

单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

单选题Wheredoyouthinkthearticleisgoingtoappear?

单选题Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people．Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions．Worrying thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: "What kind of impression am I making?Do they like me?Do I sound stupid?Am I wearing unattractive clothes?” It is obvious that uncomfortable feelings must affect people．A person's self- concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions．In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives． Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others．They need reassurance that they are doing"the right thing"．Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority．They also find it difficult to be pleased by praise because they believe they are not worthy of praise．A shy person may respond to praise with a statement like this:"You are just saying that to make me feel good，I know it's not true．"It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful． Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced?Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence．Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accepttheir weakness as well as their strengths．For example, most people would like to be "A"student in every subject．It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in some areas．People's expectations of themselves must be realistic． Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy． Each of us is a unique, worthwhile individual．We are interested in our own personal ways．The better we understand ourselves，the easier it becomes to live up to our potential．Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life．

单选题WhatdowehaveintheFrenchQuarterinNewOrleans?

单选题Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves; contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community's concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not person- ally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped be cause so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the enviroment, and to retain familiar landmarks.

单选题 IQuestions 18 ～ 21 are based on the following dialogue on a reading list./I

单选题Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you' re "hot". That' s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as, "Get up, John] Yon' 11 be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can' t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won' t change your cycle, but you' 11 get upstream and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

单选题{{I}} Questions 14-17 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 14-17.{{/I}}

单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. TextIf you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}asleep. When you wake up, you don't feel {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but tired and worn out and {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}to face a new day. Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}Stress and Sleep, {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}that stress and lack of sleep are directly {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}Dr. Winkle says, "the more we worry, the {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep," he {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}},"we can often find the {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}to deal with what's worrying us. " So, what is a good night's sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}of making you feel more refreshed. Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the day should help you to feel physically as well as {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine (咖啡因) and will keep you {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. "When you put the light {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}," Dr. Winkle says, "concentrate on relaxing your muscles. Working slowly up from your feet, and you'll be asleep {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}you know it. "