单选题Text An animal species becomes extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death-rate. We can (26) from fossil evidence in rocks that many living species have become extinct over the millions of years (27) life began. It is a natural (28) and extinction is the (29) of any animal that has specialized too far to change (30) its environment changes, or has to compete with a better- (31) and more powerful animal. (32) remarkable technical developments during the past few centuries, man has destroyed or (33) destroyed some species by killing them (34) such a rate that they couldn't produce enough offspring, or by completely changing their natural environment at surprising speed. A number of examples can be given of the way (35) which natural environments are being rapidly changed—Amazonia, for instance. There is every (36) that many species of animals will be made extinct because of these and similar (37) of natural vegetation. Large numbers of animals have been hunted and killed for food. The North American buffalo is a (38) of the near-extinction of a species through hunting. Often the numbers are (39) great that the hunters may not realize the danger. But even when the danger is widely (40) , the financial rewards for the hunters may be so great that they choose to (41) the threat to the species. Attitudes like this have (42) to hunters killing animals for furs, for ivory or merely for ornaments. A slight (43) on this is when tourists hunt animals for trophies. Such magnificent creatures (44) lions and tigers (45) out of existence in some parts of the world.

单选题 An embarrassing experience It was the small hours of the morning when we reached London Airport. I had cabled London from Amsterdam, and there was a hired car to meet, but there was one more unfortunate happening before I reached my fiat. In all my travels I have never, but for that once, been required by the British customs to open a single bag or to do more than state that I carried no goods liable to duty. It was, of course, my fault; the extreme tiredness and nervous tension of the journey had destroyed my diplomacy. I was, for whichever reason, so tired that I could hardly stand, and to the question, "have you read this?" I replied with extreme foolishness, "Yes, hundreds of times. " "And you have nothing to declare?" "Nothing. " "How long have you been out of this country?" "About three months. " "And during that time you have acquired nothing?" "Nothing but what is on the list I have given you. " He seemed momentarily at a loss, but then he attacked. The attack, when it came, was utterly unexpected. "Where did you get that watch?" I could have kicked myself. Two days ago, when playing water games with a friend in the bath, I had forgotten to take off my ROLEX OYSTER, and it had, not unnaturally, stopped. I had gone into the market and bought, for twelve shillings and six pence, an ugly time piece that made a strange noise. It had stopped twice, without any reason, during the journey. I explained, but I had already lost face. I produced my own watch from a pocket, and added that I should be grateful if he would confiscate the replacement. "It is not a question of confiscation," he said, "there is a fine for failing to declare dutiable goods. And now may I please examine that Rolex?" It took another quarter of an hour to persuade him that the Rolex was not contraband; then he began to search my luggage.

单选题 It's funny, isn't it, how smells, sounds, and things can take you back to things that happened such a long time ago? The other day, for instance, somebody offered me a tangerine. Now, I can't bear the smell of tangerines. I can't eat them, either. You know why? Well, when I was eight, I was sick and I had to be in a room on my own. My grandmother who lived in a country sent me a huge box of tangerines, and my mother made me eat them all before they went bad. "Don't waste them," she said, "they'll make you feel much better." I never forget that. For a whole day, I had nothing to eat but tangerines. I've never been able to eat one since. It's the same with the circus. Whenever I take my children to a show, the performances recall the first time I was taken to the circus. On that day, there was a Persian performer who, as an introduction to his act, ate some kinds of glasses and teased a huge snake which he had carried into the ring in a box, until the women in the audience were frozen with fright. Then, as the climax to his performance, he lay down on the ground, placed a huge slab of concrete on his chest and in a loud and confident voice shouted, "Who is going to come and break this on my chest?" He went on, "You have my promise no harm will come to you!" As soon as he got ready, a tall figure rose to accept this challenge. He walked evenly into the ring picking up a sledgehammer as he approached the performer whose eyes were glistening with anticipation as though his greatest desire were about to be fulfilled. The crowd was momentarily stilled. They seemed to sense that he could do it. He lifted the hammer head-high and effortlessly brought it crashing down, breaking the slab into a dozen pieces. Some of the onlookers pressed forward to see what had happened to the luckless Persian under this rubble of stone. Bruised, battered and somewhat the worse for wear, the performer stood up unsteadily helped by the tall man and together they disappeared from the ring to a loud applause. This was over forty years ago, but is still vivid in my memory. It's really incredible, isn't it?

单选题In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics, was the first" open heart" surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei''s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today "open heart" surgery ,using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States. 　　Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1983,in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Jarvik-7. 　　The world watched amazed as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed him as he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days. 　　Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centuries. The development of tools by man'' s ancestors is a good example of the application of bionics to extend human capabilities. Modern bionic research is especially involved in prosthetics devices that substitute for, or replace lost or diseased body parts such as arms ,legs ,and eyes. 　　Recent advances in electronics have enabled scientists to make better use of electrical impulses in the control of prosthetic devices. One interesting research project is the development of an artificial eye in which video signals are transformed into light patterns that are sent into nerve receptors in the patient. 　　The future for applied bionics seems to be promising. Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective. The artificial heart used for Dr. Clark is only one of experimental replacement devices. It is likely to be joined in the future by replacements for other internal systems or organs. Bionic livers, stomachs, and lungs are not impossibilities!

单选题You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. Questions 11～13 are based on the following passage.

单选题Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, part A and part B. Now look at Part A in your test paper.{{B}}Part A{{/B}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} On November 19,1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked, "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed." Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.

单选题Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?

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单选题Peter Fischer

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned about the migration to Harlem?

单选题What are the man's hobbies?

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Zoos are among mankind's oldest institutions, dating back at least 4,500 years, and probably more. Across the world they have brought together and displayed live wild animals for people to look at and over the years {{B}}{{U}}hundreds of millions{{/B}}{{/U}} have. Any institution with so long a history and so universally attended must reach something in people deeper than idle curiosity. Since it is fashionable to speak of roots today, it might be suggested that zoos allow us to stay in touch with our most primitive roots in a primeval world where human survival depended on knowing the shapes and habits of wild animals. So important were wild creatures to our distant ancestors that they were the most frequent subjects of paintings on cave walls, formed the basis for virtually all early religions, and were in numerous instances worshipped as gods. Now our survival is threatened more by what we ourselves have worked, and by the stresses of living among these creations, than it is by wild animals to whom we relegate less and less living space with each passing year. In this world the need for good zoological gardens is urgent. The exponential growth of human population and the ever-increasing sprawl of cities does more than rob land from wildlife: it pushes the animals farther away from city dwellers. People live in brick, concrete, and glass environments where they lose all touch with wilderness; children grow up who have never tried to catch a frog, never seen a hawk soar or a deer step daintily into a forest clearing--let alone watched a herd of elephants ambles across the river or a pride of lions stalk prey. People who have the time and money can take an occasional trip to the remaining wilderness and find, in places where wild animals still live, the renewal of spirit that comes from prolonged visits to wild country. For millions of others who are unable to leave the cities or can't afford to, good zoos laid out among plants and trees can bring what conservationist Lan Player calls "a taste of wilderness". Perhaps more important in the long run, zoos can help give deprived people an awareness that we share the world with many other animals and should have a decent regard for their worth and right to live. If zoos did no more than accomplish these two ends, they would serve a noble purpose. As it happens, however, today's zoos can do far more. They can become breeding centers for those wild species whose continued existence has become precarious. The term "captive breeding" has been used to describe this new role of zoos, and this book describes the effort--the most important task that zoos have yet undertaken.

单选题Read five students'' talks about traveling around Europe using an Inter-Rail ticket. The ticket allows people under the age of twenty six to travel wherever they want within Europe for one month. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each student (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Patricia: I went by Inter-Rail this summer with a group of friends from university. I think it worked very well, although a few of them said they''d never do it again — I guess it wasn''t quite like they thought it was going to be — not as comfortable probably. We usually slept in hostels or on the train so we were completely exhausted but I think we had a great time. Next year I''ll see if I can perhaps visit fewer places and not get so worn out. Davis: I traveled about 6,000 kilometres in four weeks with a couple of friends from college. We spent weeks planning out the route and all the places we were intending to go to. Would I do it again? Well, I''d have to think carefully about that but, on the whole the trip was good for me as I was the official translator, which was great as I''m normally a bit shy of talking to people I don''t know. On the last night of the holiday they treated me to a really expensive meal for helping them out. It was terrific! Jenise: Well, I guess I had a good time now when I look back on it, and I saw eight countries in four weeks. Everything went well but I think that from now on I''ll probably choose to do something else. I want to meet local people rather than just people who work for the train service! I did get to know quite a few other English and American students and they were great but it didn''t do much for my French and German. Nigel: I think it''s definitely the best way of getting around Europe even though you have to spend money on the Inter-Rail ticket before you leave. I have a friend who hitch-hikes and he says that''s the only way to travel because it''s free and you see more interesting places. But I knew I could jump on a train wherever I wanted in the morning, while he would still be standing in the rain hoping for a lift. So all in all I think I got the better deal, especially as I could take the night train and save on hotel bills. Hawk: I''ve done it quite a few times now and I''m used to the kind of problems that arise — like having to sleep in a park because the train arrived too late for me to get a hostel bed, and trying to keep to a tight budget. The mistake people often make is to just get off at the tourist spots. Try getting off the train at the little villages, like I do. They''re usually fascinating and the people are friendlier, too. Even if they don''t understand your miserable attempt at their language they still smile and nod. Now match each of the students (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements [A] I''d like to try something different from this trip. [B] I saw something most people missed. [C] The trip didn''t work out as expected. [D] The trip gave me a chance to socialize with people. [E] I wish I had seen more places on the trip. [F] The trip was tiring yet enjoyable. [G] The trip was good value for the money.