What are the man' s hobbies? What are the man' s hobbies?

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world.【B1】______ Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心)to medicine , and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.【B2】______ Many crops withered (枯萎) and died, despite growers, attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate. In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type.【B3】______ This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry. 【B4】______ Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world' s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health. Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane.【B5】______ This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.[A] Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.[B] Sugar cane was now much vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.[C] One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D' Hont and her team in Montpe-lier, France.[D] The majority of the world' s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.[E] Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.[F] The sugar cane's genetic code has been found by a farmer in 1950.[G] Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

What information did the man hear from the broadcast?

When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington , D . C . , where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.【B1】______ They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever. We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can do to the world' s ecology (生态). However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well.【B2】______ When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out. Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples. Araki is the language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.【B3】______ In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out. Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually bomb into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.【B4】______ The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead. What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant, insect, or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to appreciate what it means for the balance of the natural world. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder, must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.【B5】______[A] Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.[B] Most languages have become less and less speakers.[C] However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.[D] These languages don't have many native speakers.[E] For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.[F] As these language become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase, as well.[G] Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language, but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction (灭绝).

{{B}}Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.　　Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answe{{/B}}

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. 【C1】 1The popularity of Mother' s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more—enough to make her horrified. 【C2】 2They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother' s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother' s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother' s Day even got her arrested—for disturbing the peace, interestingly. 【C3】 3As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observed, traditionally " motherhood is something that we do because we think it' s right. " But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. 【C4】 4So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. 【C5】 5According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother' s Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. "[A]According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.[B]But what' s more, commercialism changes young people' s attitude towards motherhood.[C]Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.[D]The American version of Mother' s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.[E]In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.[F]As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.[G]Nowadays Mother' s Day become more and more commercialization. 【B1】

Please write a notice entitled "No Smoking" to put on the carriages of a train. You should use about 100 words. It may include the following points:1) no smoking in the carriages. Smoking is only permitted in the Smoking Area.2) smoking is not only bad for smokers' health but also bad for people around them.3) anyone who smokes in the carriages will be fined.

{{B}}Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{/B}}

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like " serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women' s magazines ran headlines like " Stress causes illness! " If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many— like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful e-vents is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we' re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.

In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It' s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.【C1】______Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined. The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world' s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world' s most populous continent.【C2】______Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don' t have enough to eat. There are many reasons for world hunger. They include wars, droughts, floods, and the overuse of farming land.【C3】______Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around.【C4】______In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.【C5】______The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.[A]The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution.[B]More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa.[C]All these factors affect food production.[D]It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger.[E]In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger.[F]Those places need far more food than they actually get.[G]By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat.

Some of the greatest successes you can think of began with failure. What a big【C6】______a little continued effort and determination can make. Workplace expert Nan Russell, author of "The Titleless Leader: How to Get Things Done When You' re Not in Charge," offers a number of【C7】______of people who were deemed failures— and then turned successful. Albert Einstein was【C8】______to be mentally challenged as a child and told he would never amount to anything. Need we say how that one turned out? Walt Disney was fired from the Kansas City Star because the editor thought he lacked【C9】______. Chester Carlson' s early Xerox machines were【C10】______by 20 companies before he finally found a business partner. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. There are many quotes from the great inventor that are worth【C11】______to memory. Here' s just one:" Many of life' s failures are people who did not realize how【C12】______they were to success when they gave up. " So, while failure may not feel good, it' s often an essential part of success, the trial-and-error that can lead to greater things. If you spend all your time【C13】______about past mistakes, you might not notice when real opportunity arrives, so by all【C14】______, learn from your mistakes—then put them behind you, roll up your sleeves and get back to work. Here' s one more quote from Edison for us to think about: "If we all did the things we are【C15】______of, we would astound ourselves. "[A]capable[B]close[C]combination[D]committing[E]contributing[F]creativity[G]difference[H]encouraged[I]examples[J]judged[K]means[L]rejected[M]typical[N]ways[O]worrying

Which factor determines human beings' psychological space needs? Which factor determines human beings' psychological space needs?

Greg Louganis: These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other divers' lives if I have spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew—that few others knew—was that I was HIV-positive. AIDS forced me to stop diving; I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics.Margaret Chan: It is reported that almost three million people in developing countries are now receiving drugs for HIV. This is an increase of almost one million people from two thousand and six. Still, the hope was to reach three million by two thousand and five. But antiretroviral therapy, or ART, alone will not solve the problem. For every two persons we manage to provide them with ART, another five persons get infected. So again, we cannot underestimate the power of prevention.Paula Green: The disease robs the body of its natural defenses against infections. Almost seventy-five percent of people receiving HIV drugs are in Africa. The drugs help patients live longer without developing AIDS. An estimated nine million seven hundred thousand people in low and middle income countries were in need of HIV treatment last year. However, by the end of the year, just over thirty percent of them were getting it.Raymond Chow: Price reductions can be a main method to let more people with HIV, including more pregnant women, receive the drugs. Also, delivery systems should be redesigned to better serve individual countries and smaller health centers. And treatments should be simpler than in the past.William Wang: Huge barriers still remain in dealing with the AIDS epidemic. Getting patients to stay on their therapy is difficult. There are still large numbers of people who do not get tested for HIV. And there are many others who get tested too late and die within months. What's more, there is not enough joint treatment of HIV and the related infections that most often kill AIDS patients. And still another problem is the shortage of health care workers in the developing world. Now match each of the items (36 to 40 ) to the appropriate statement. Note: There are two extra statements. Statements[A] Some HIV-positive patients don't cooperate with doctors.[B] AID patient's blood may be dangerous to other people's lives[C] People are scared of AIDS.[D] Treatment is more urgent than prevention. [E] Many people can't get HTV drugs because of poverty. [F] More people get HTV treatment, but even more get infected. [G] HIV drugs should be cheaper.

{{B}}Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.　　Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answe{{/B}}

About 10 years ago I met an advertising executive in New York who explained the difficulty of advertising a new brand of deodorant(除臭剂)to consumers. "Most people never change their deodorant, "I remember him saying. "They pick one brand when they are young, and stick with it for a long, long time. If it works, why switch?" 【B1】______ Once they have picked a type of phone, whether it' s Apple iOS, Google Android or something else, it's difficult, and often expensive, to switch. Consumers become comfortable with the interface and design of the phone and the apps they have purchased on that platform.【B2】______ That is why the race to pull in smartphone buyers is going to be especially severe over the next 18 to 24 months.【B3】______ there are still hundreds of millions of mobile phone owners around the world who have yet to move from a standard mobile or feature phone to its smarter, more intelligent big brother; the smart phone. Yet the change is happening at a much quicker pace than technology analysts and companies originally theorized. A report issued this week by Nielsen, the market research firm, found that among Americans【B4】______ 55 percent opted for a smart phone. This is up from 34 percent a year ago. At this point, who will lead that market is not up for debate. Android has been growing at a pace no one could have imagined, even Google. The company said this week that it now activates more than 500,000 Android devices each day. Mr. Llamas said Apple, which changed the smart phone game in 2007 when it introduced the iPhone, potentially has a ceiling with consumers as its mobile phone is often more expensive than those of its competitors. Although millions of customers flock to Apple products for their beauty, simplicity and powerful brand, many can't afford a new iPhone. This could change【B5】______ as some analysts expect. "Right now the iPhone only comes in one flavor; it' s not like other Apple products like the iPod where there are several different sizes, shapes and prices, " Mr. Llamas said.[A] Although it may seem that everyone owns a smart phone these days,[B] if Apple offers a less expensive model of the iPhone later this year,[C] If it works, why switch?[D] who purchased a new mobile phone in the last three months,[E] The smart phone race is still raging.[F] The same theory can be applied to customers who are making the switch to smart phones today.[G] iPhone is too expensive for most people,

Which city is the man going to visit?

{{B}}Part BDirections: Read the text, match the items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{/B}}

How did the name of "computer virus" come into being? How did the name of "computer virus" come into being?

{{B}}Section IV Writing (40 minutes)Directions: You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.{{/B}}

"Any apples today?" Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course.【C1】______"Pay me whenever you like," said Effie, climbing back into her truck. All pretense of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife' s trip to New York for consultation with a specialist. 【C2】______Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer. Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, darling," I said, "is what I owe you. " " Don' t give it to me all at once," she said. "【C3】______" I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt. The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later.【C4】______But a curious thing began to happen. Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can' t afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie' s death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.【C5】______So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie' s love will go on in hearts that have never known her.[A]At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled.[B]Give your help to those in greater need.[C]Effie was not a rich woman.[D]Effie worked diligently all her life.[E]Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then.[F]By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times.[G]Give it back as I gave it to you—a little at a time.