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单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Many of us would think those working in a public relations firm is the same with those working in advertising. This notion is understandable since these two industries are closely related to each other. They are both primarily concerned about the promotion of a company's sales of products or services. The biggest difference may lie in the fact that advertising aims at selling more, while the point of public relations is to make the public think favorably about the company and its offerings. Aside from the means of advertising, public relation can also use news releases, press conferences, speaking engagements, and community service programs to reach its goal. All this is done so that the public would view the organization in a way that it wants to be perceived. Another difference is that public relation is more of a two-way communication. It not only communicates to the public, collecting the views from the public is also one important part in the PR's agenda. By doing so, the organization would have a clear idea to find out the gap between the ideal image and the reality. And then efforts can be made to lessen this gap. Many small business owners opt to handle the public relations issues themselves, while others choose to hire a public relations specialist. The in-house public relations department and the external PR agencies both have their own advantages. For example, a PR department within a company has a deeper understanding about the structure, target audience, and the products/ services of the organization and it can also devote all its attention to the organization it is in. While on the other hand, a specialized agency could handle all these issues more professionally, And since a specialized agency deals with PR issues for different organizations, it would easily create some new opportunities and programs for the organization. Some specialists give a thought-provoking perspective on this issue: public relations should be taken care of in the public interest. From this perspective, organizations attempt to generate good will and position themselves as responsible citizens through a variety of programs conducted in the public interest. Consumer education as well as various other public interest programs belongs to this category.

单选题What can the prospective buyer learn from an auction catalog.'?

单选题Play is the principal business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys. which children will play often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child''s development. 　　In recent years research on infant development has shown the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby''s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. 　　The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. 　　By the third stage of play development ― from five to seven or eight years ― the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys. 　　Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same thing to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed ― to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

单选题In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one hanker said, "Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day." And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are "untouched by human hands" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don't use guns. And even they arc caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witnesses and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York City Bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else's account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge on employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days' notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the company's computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is "the tip of the iceberg". As one official says, "I have the feeling that there is more crime ont there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing—the ones who really know how a computer works./

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单选题The phrase" token economies" ( Para. 5 ) probably refers to ______.

单选题Questions 22 ～ 25 are based on the following passage.

单选题 IQuestions 14-17 are based on a dialogue between two friends about their weekend./I

单选题 The dog, called Prince, was a smart animal and a slave to Williams. From morning till night, when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight, ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him. As a good pupil, he lived for chances to demonstrate his abilities. When Williams wanted to put on his boots, he would murmur "Boots". Within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning, Prince ran off to the general store in the village, returning shortly not only with Williams' daily paper but with a half ounce packet of Williams' favorite tobacco. As a gundog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth which specially evolved to carry hunted creatures safely. Therefore, there was never a tooth mark on the paper and the tobacco. Williams was a railway man, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at strange times—"days", "late days" or "nights". Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest, knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge, If Williams overslept, as he often did, Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the trouble of the family. On his return, Williams' slippers (拖鞋) were brought to him. A curious thing happened to Williams last winter. One evening he fell on the icy road somewhere between the village and his home. He was so badly hurt that he stayed in bed for three days; and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet that contained over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search, but the wallet was not found. However, two days later Prince dropped the wallet into William's hand. Very dirty and wet through, it still contained fifty three pounds, Williams' driving license and a few other papers. No one could tell where the dog had found it, but he had found it and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the leather.

单选题{{I}}Questions 22～25 are based on the following conversation.{{/I}}

单选题 Our country has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production. Yet you will find little on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very {{U}}dubious{{/U}} advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist's trade or book keeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in the government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

单选题 {{B}}Linda{{/B}} My husband weighed 275 pounds. He used to skip breakfast, and he didn' t eat all that much for dinner. So I once wondered why he was getting so big. Then I found out he was stopping to buy a dozen chocolate-covered doughnuts each morning. And you know how I found out? He was eating them while driving, so he wouldn't have to share them at work. While chasing one that rolled across the front seat, he ran into a telephone pole. {{B}}Emily{{/B}} Two years ago, I knew my husband' s health was at risk because of all the weight he had picked up since we' d been married. But he wasn' t doing anything about it. Then I went to a doctor' s office and I followed his advice and started talking about food to my husband—what was good, what was bad—as if it was a new discovery. I didn' t lecture my husband about the evils of being overweight, didn' t try to threaten him by saying if he didn' t lose weight his blood pressure could shoot sky-high and he might have a heart attack. Instead, I talked about how well he' d look in new clothes, how he' d probably do better on the job (he was a salesman), to ask questions. After a few months, he' d lost 20 pounds. {{B}}John{{/B}} I once kept a list of everything I ate one week, just to show my wife was wrong about where I was picking up extra pounds. When I studied my list, I wondered how I found time to do any work, I was eating so much. There' s nothing like seeing it in black and white to prove you' re wrong. {{B}}Jane Scott{{/B}} When I found my husband had weight problem, I was determined to take some measures. I made sure I needed something from the store three mornings a week, and then I told my husband I didn' t want to walk there alone—it was about a quarter of a mile each way—and I' d always insist on walking. He breathed hard at first, but gradually got used to it, and we started making a circle around the neighborhood at night, too, with the dog. That was three years ago, and now I can' t keep him still. The walking got him used to using his body again, and he was happy to find it still worked pretty well. {{B}}Ted{{/B}} Men tend to think less about the costs of excess pounds than women do. Men often seem blind to the possibility that a beer belly is causing them to look unattractive to their mates, holding them back in their careers and killing them before their time. Also, many men feel self-conscious going to a diet center—especially if most of the group is female. Diets are perceived to be of women' s concern, or an admission of weakness. There are even men who would rather blow up like a blimp before they admit to other men—or themselves—that they need to lose weight.{{I}} Now match each of the persons with the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. {{/I}} {{B}}Statements{{/B}} [A] The heavier, the merrier. [B] Some form of physical exercise has to play a part in men' s weight - loss program. [C] Attention should be paid to eating patterns. [D] Men' s attitudes are quite different from women' s. [E] Gaining weight has nothing to do with health.[F] Your educational role sometimes has to be more subtle.[G] Facts are indisputable.

单选题Questions 22-25 are based on a talk about Cambridge University.