What's the relationship between the two speakers?

{{B}}Part ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{/B}}

When a 13-year-old Virginia girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted worldwide attention. Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from "put a clothes pin on her nose" to "have her stand on her head" poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world' s top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling (难以理解的) problem with great speed. He used neither drugs nor surgery, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze. It was all in her mind, he said,a view which Aristotle, some 3,000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily. Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly. "Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational adjustment, and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer," he reported. Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr. Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes—a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that the sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people over the world still continue the custom with the traditional, "God bless you" or its equivalent. When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature's clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is striving to remove.

Greg Logan: These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other divers' lives if I have spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew—that few others knew—was that I was HIV-positive. AIDS forced me to stop diving: I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics. Margaret Chan: It is reported that almost three million people in developing countries are now receiving drugs for HIV. This is an increase of almost one million people from two thousand and six. Still, the hope was to reach three million by two thousand and five. But antiviral therapy, or ART, alone will not solve the problem. For every two persons we manage to provide them with ART, another five persons get infected. So again, we cannot underestimate the power of prevention. Paula Green: The disease robs the body of its natural defenses against infections. Almost seventy-five percent of people receiving HIV drugs are in Africa. The drugs help patients live longer without developing AIDS. An estimated nine million seven hundred thousand people in low and middle income countries were in need of HIV treatment last year. However, by the end of the year, just over thirty percent of them were getting it. Raymond Chow: Price reductions can be a main method to let more people with HIV, including more pregnant women, receive the drugs. Also, delivery systems should be redesigned to better serve individual countries and smaller health centers. And treatments should be simpler than in the past. William Wang: Huge barriers still remain in dealing with the AIDS epidemic. Getting patients to stay on their therapy is difficult. There are still large numbers of people who do not get tested for HIV. And there are many others who get tested too late and die within months. What' s more, there is not enough joint treatment of HIV and the related infections that most often kill AIDS patients. And still another problem is the shortage of health care workers in the developing world. Now match the name of each person(36 - 40)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements [A]Some HIV-positive patients don't cooperate with doctors. [B]AID patient' s blood may be dangerous to other people' s lives. [C]People are scared of AIDS. [D]Treatment is more urgent than prevention. [E]Many people can't get HIV drugs because of poverty. [F]More people get HIV treatment, but even more get infected. [G]HIV drugs should be cheaper.

What' s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

When Carly Fiorina became Hewlett Packards first female chief executive officer, the existence of her househusband, Frank Fiorina, who had retired early from AT now this arrangement isn' t【C1】______ at all. Seven of the 10 women who are【C2】______ CEOs of Fortune 500 companies—including Xerox's Ursula Burns and PepsiCo' s Indra Nooyi—have, or at some point have had, a stay at home husband. So do scores of【C3】______ CEOs of smaller companies and women in other senior executive jobs. This role change is【C4】______ more and more as women edge past men at work. Women now【C5】______ a majority of jobs in the US, including 51. 4 percent of managerial and professional【C6】______ , according to US Census Bureau data. Some 23 percent of wives now earn more than their husbands. And this earnings trend is more dramatic among younger people. Women 30 and under make more money, on【C7】______ than their male counterparts(年龄相当的人)in many large cities in the US. During the recent【C8】______ , three men lost their jobs for every woman. Many unemployed fathers have ended up caring for their children full-time while their wives are the【C9】______ wage earners. The number of men in the US who【C10】______ care for children under age five increased to 32 percent in 2010 from 19 percent in 1988, according to Census figures.[A] appealing [B] average[C] conflict [D] currently[E] elementary [F] ensure[G] female [H] fill[I] occupations [J] occurring[K] positions [L] primary[M] recession [N] regularly[O] unusual

"Family" is of course an elastic word. And in different countries it has different meanings. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family" in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man and woman, marriage means leaving one' s parents and starting one' s own life. The man' s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife' s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and their alone. Neither the wife' s parents nor the husband' s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen' s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl' s parents, that is, it was the parents' duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents' home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. Every coin has two sides; independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of the girls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate(部下，下级)of their parents and husbands.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. You might think that good-looking men have every advantage in life. But new study suggests being handsome may not always work in a man' s favour—at least when it comes to his career. The research claims that attractive men are less likely to be given a job in a competitive workplace because they intimidate bosses. "It' s not always an advantage to be pretty," says Marko Pitesa, an assistant professor at the University of Maryland. ''It can backfire if you are perceived as a threat. " Interestingly, in Pitesa' s study, it was male attractiveness in particular, rather than female beauty, that made the most difference. If the interviewer expected to work with the candidate as part of a team, then he preferred goodlooking men. However, if the interviewer saw the candidate as a potential competitor, the interviewer discriminated in favour of unattractive men. The results suggest that interviewers were not blinded by beauty, and instead calculated which candidate would further their own career. "The dominant theoretical perspective in the social sciences for several decades has been that biases and discrimination are caused by irrational prejudice," Pitesa says. "The way we explain it here, pretty men just seem more competent, so it is actually subjectively rational to discriminate for or against them. " On a deeper level, she adds, the behaviour remains irrational, since there' s no evidence that a real link exists between looks and competence.

{{B}}Part ADirections: You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer ― A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.{{/B}}

Paula: The future is determined by the actions of the present day. The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future—that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do. Mrs. John: The future will see more unbelievable things. In the future, people will be able to predict their performance from the strength of the brain' s electrical activity. Doctor Kramer has found that the strength of the brain' s electrical activity can be measured through the scalp(头皮). Bosses could measure brain activity through the scalp and tell whether a worker is performing well, working hard, or too tired to do the job properly. Mary: In the new century, things around us will be more fascinating. The chemical element in the heart is said to increase your desire for fat, when is stimulated. This means that disturbances of this chemical gelatin can lead to overeating. Doctor Sarah Leibowits presented an academic paper suggesting that the appetite for fat rich food can be controlled through drugs that block the effects of gelatin. Judy: In the future our life will change dramatically. It is quite certain that computers will play an important part in our life. You will visit your doctor, and find that he uses a computer screen and visual information about your condition, instead of his text books. Computers in your home will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results which will affect you if you act in a certain way. Carrie: In the future, computers will change the way the doctors diagnose and treat their patients. Also doctors will change their traditional notion of medicine. Although pills for tension, heart conditions, being overweight and other life threatening conditions are prescribed by western doctors, most doctors now require patients to focus on healthy way of living by changing diets and doing more exercise as a means to keep fit. Statements[A]You build your own future.[B]Healthy lifestyle will be a more popular way to keep fit.[C]Computer will be an effective tool for doctors.[D]Doctors may not need pills for heart troubles or overweight[E]Your brain waves may be used to check out your work performance.[F]People will be able to visit doctors more frequently.[G]Our appetite will be well controlled by drugs.

Why is the woman in New York?

What is the present condition of hotline like today?

What is Ms. Bush's main purpose for the trip?

You have read the following magazine advertisement in which an American girl is looking for pen-friends and you want to get in touch with her. Name: Andy Lewis Age:21 Interest: collecting coins, stamps and postcards, learning foreign languages. All letters will be answered. Address:20 Staten Street, Eylandt, DF8 3LF, USAWrite a letter to her(Andy Lewis), telling her about;1)your family2)your schooling or work3)your hobbiesYou should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Li Ping" instead. You needn't write the address.

What will the man do tonight?

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying " a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. 【B1】______ The popularity of Mother' s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more—enough to make her horrified. 【B2】______ They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother' s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother' s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother' s Day even got her arrested—for disturbing the peace, interestingly. 【B3】______ As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observed, traditionally " motherhood is something that we do because we think it' s right. " But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. 【B4】______ So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. 【B5】______ According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother' s Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. "[A] According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.[B] But what' s more, commercialism changes young people' s attitude towards motherhood.[C] Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.[D] The American version of Mother' s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis , as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.[E] In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.[F] As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.[G] Nowadays Mother' s Day become more and more commercialization.

Which factor determines human beings' psychological space needs?

Paula: The future is determined by the actions of the present day. The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future—that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do.Mrs. John: The future will see more unbelievable things. In the future, people will be able to predict their performance from the strength of the brain's electrical activity. Doctor Kramer has found that the strength of the brain' s electrical activity can be measured through the scalp(头皮). Bosses could measure brain activity through the scalp and tell whether a worker is performing well, working hard, or too tired to do the job properly.Mary: In the new century, things around us will be more fascinating. The chemical element in the heart is said to increase your desire for fat, when is stimulated. This means that disturbances of this chemical gelatin can lead to overeating. Doctor Sarah Leibowits presented an academic paper suggesting that the appetite for fat rich food can be controlled through drugs that block the effects of gelatin.Judy: In the future our life will change dramatically. It is quite certain that computers will play an important part in our life. You will visit your doctor, and find that he uses a computer screen and visual information about your condition, instead of his text books. Computers in your home will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results which will affect you if you act in a certain way.Carrie: In the future, computers will change the way the doctors diagnose and treat their patients. Also doctors will change their traditional notion of medicine. Although pills for tension, heart conditions, being overweight and other life threatening conditions are prescribed by western doctors, most doctors now require patients to focus on healthy way of living by changing diets and doing more exercise as a means to keep fit. Now match each of the items (36-40) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements[A] You build your own future.[B] Healthy lifestyle will be a more popular way to keep fit.[C] Computer will be an effective tool for doctors.[D] Doctors may not need pills for heart troubles or overweight.[E] Your brain waves may be used to check out your work performance. [F] People will be able to visit doctors more frequently.[G] Our appetite will be well controlled by drugs.

Nowadays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world. America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess (威力) over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic (有讽刺性的) that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership. The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the department of defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society, government, industry, and education. That is not to say that the defense department will not be a strong force in the process. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior(救星) of American industry.

What are these people planning to do?