单选题A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprising discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethic mix. The difference was that only 2000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street in Appleyard's terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) had 8 000 cars a day and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16 000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day. Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left. Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin. On Cough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.

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单选题 Text The following issue is what we are going to discuss. Most of the people who (26) most often and (27) gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, (28) the people who really helped civilization (29) are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first (30) a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or (31) the length of the year, or (32) a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a (33) deal of them, so much so that (34) all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. (35) I think most people believe that the (36) countries are those that have beaten in baffle the greatest number of other countries and ruled (37) them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight', so (38) savages. Then to be good at fighting is to be good (39) in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people (40) for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently--this (41) is what conquerors and generals have done—is not (42) . People fight to (43) quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than (44) seeing which side can kill off the greater (45) of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.

单选题{{I}} Questions 22-25 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 22-25.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer — A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

单选题What is TRUE about the Music Box?

单选题Questions 14～17 are bused on the following conversation between a man and his friend when they look at some pictures.

单选题Wheredidthemangetthemoneyforhiscompany?

单选题 Questions 21～25 are based on the following conversation.

单选题Whydosomanypeoplebecomedependentoncigarettes?A.Becausetheylikethetasteoftar.B.Becausesmokingmakesthemfeelrelaxed.C.Becausesmokingisfuntothem.D.Becausesmokingcuresthemofcancer.

单选题You will hear one dialogue or monologue. Before listening, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. You will hear ONLY ONCE.

单选题Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?

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