单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paper work, because they are fast, and do not make mistakes. AS one bank manager said, "unlike humans, computers never have a bad day." And they are honest. Many banks put advertisements in the newspaper showing that their business deals are "untouched by human hands" and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don't use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witnesses and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it; it simply does what it is told. One clerk at a New York City bank used a computer to steal more than one end a half million dollars in just four years. No one noticed this because he moved money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the clerk claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from some one else's account. This clerk was caught only because he was gambling. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was put in the records. Some employees use the computer's power to get revenge on employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days' notice. In those thirty days, she wiped out all the company's programmed records in the computer. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. But police wonder if it is true. As one official says, "I have a feeling that there is more crime out there than we ere catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing- the ones who really know how a computer works./

单选题Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination? Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out — power off — refrigerator not working — temperature will rise — milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next. Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs, or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors — pedestrians or other cars in the intersection — must also be present. In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.

单选题Directions： Read the following text．Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1． Many people want to become famous, but don't know how．Here I'd like to tell about how to become known or get closer to people． There are certain qualities that you have to remember while {{U}}(26) {{/U}} people, be it a friend, a neighbor or anybody {{U}}(27) {{/U}} you．The first thing is to remember their names and birthdays and never {{U}}(28) {{/U}} them if you want to get closer to them, because this is {{U}}(29) {{/U}} you start getting closer to people．You will have to reduce {{U}}(30) {{/U}} about yourself and start listening a lot．One of the important {{U}}(31) {{/U}} which can be used to get closer to people is to listen to them．{{U}} (32) {{/U}} in today's management studies, listening is a very, basic necessity in {{U}}(33) {{/U}} such as business negotiations and international exchanges．{{U}} (34) {{/U}} people to speak about themselves and be {{U}}(35) {{/U}} interested in them． Another quality you will have to {{U}}(36) {{/U}} is to appreciate people because everybody needs appreciation, but do not{{U}} (37) {{/U}} it too far．If you are appreciating, let it be from the {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of your heart．Everybody has got some good qualities or other which can be {{U}}(39) {{/U}} ．So appreciate the good qualities．See to it that they don't feel {{U}}(40) {{/U}} ． Always remember to have a smile {{U}}(41) {{/U}} your face whenever you meet people, because people don't like crying faces．Develop a good {{U}}(42) {{/U}} of humor．Most important of all is to be {{U}}(43) {{/U}} ．So by all these you must know the {{U}}(44) {{/U}} to reach people. Try those essentials{{U}} (45) {{/U}} you will see people getting closer to you．

单选题 {{I}} Questions 18～21 are based on the following dialogue between two students.{{/I}}

单选题{{I}}Questions 14～17 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题{{I}}Questions 11～13 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} People from many countries find it difficult to understand how the majority of Americans live comfortable lives without the support of a public welfare system. Medical care in the United States is expensive; university education can cost ＄20,000 per year; living well after a worker retires requires more money than will be paid through the Social Security System. Most Americans prepare for those needs by saving a part of their salaries in saving banks; others invest in industries or service corporations in hopes of receiving greater profits. Most Americans also buy insurance of many kinds. In buying insurance, a working person agrees to pay a set sum of money every month or at other regular intervals. In exchange, he or she receives money when needed. Life insurance guarantees a sum of money to survivors of the person in case of death. Medical and hospital insurance guarantees payment of large medical and hospital bills. There is also dental insurance and insurance that pays money when a home burns down. An American can also insure a car, furniture or other personal belongings. Other benefits for working Americans are provided by the companies they work for or the labor unions to which they belong. All large businesses and many smaller ones offer their workers benefits. These benefits can include free or low-cost medical insurance and life insurance. Many companies also have retirement plans. The companies put money aside to pay their workers when they retire. There are also profit-sharing plans through which extra money is put aside for workers when the company makes a great deal of money in any one year. Many labor unions also have special funds from which workers can receive monthly checks when they retire or if they become disabled and cannot work. Some unions also pay for medicine that the workers need but which may not be purchased by medical insurance. Some pay workers a small amount of money if they lose their jobs. The cost of higher education is usually paid by a combination of private savings, income from a part-time job held by the student, and low interest loans or grants of money given to needy students by the federal government but administered by the university.

单选题Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.putsomemoneyinherwallet.B.buyabandconcertticket.C.makedonation.D.lendthemansomemoney.

单选题"Build on "(Para. 3, Line 1)most probably means______.

单选题Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour"s flight, one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for probable metal." Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain area, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible." Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metal." From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word: "Uranium." None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic power of looking down below the earth"s surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground...trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow in the surface. At Watson Bar Greek, a brook(小溪) six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory, the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.

单选题WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutMary?A.Shewon'tbeabletocome.B.She'snotgoingtograduate.C.Shehasaweektodothework.D.She'llvisithersisterinaweek.

单选题Questions 15～18 are based on the following conversation.