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单选题Karen and Ken Mullin, a young professional couple in Cleveland, own fifty cookbooks and two fully equipped kitchens in their house. Yet they rarely cook their own meals; instead, on their way home from work they usually stop at a supermarket and choose two portions of meat loaf and a container of ready-to-serve potatoes. "My job," says Karen, "is to pour the salad from the bag. " A half-century after the first TV dinner was born, the food industry is approaching its long-sought dream of relieving people like the Mullins of unpaid labor in the final, and arguably most profitable, step by which a cow gets turned into meat loaf. Increasingly, tables in America's kitchens are used not for cutting or peeling but for putting takeout food onto plates. For those who even bother with plates. According to Harry Balzar, an influential food-industry researcher, American dinners that came from a takeout counter increased by 24 percent in the past decade. "We thought the micro-wave would be a cooking device," says Harry Balzer, "but we find it reheating takeout pizza. " Across the United States, entire business models are being transformed. Supermarket takeout counters, formerly a place where unsold chickens were coated with sauce, increasingly resemble high-end corporate cafeterias, with sushi bars and stir-fry stations. One psychologist thinks the trend toward healthier eating is responsible: Americans have finally gotten the message that it's bad to eat fried chicken, so they're doing it at home where no one can see them. Of course, there are people you wouldn't expect to cook at home, like Steve Traxler, an unmarried Chicago theater producer, whose refrigerator contains little more than orange juice, wine and leftovers. I think they're reading them in bed," says Rozanne Gold, author of a cookbook. It's not entirely a question of time. The takeout fashion is fueled, in part, by the popularity of foods like sushi, which even adventuresome American cooks are unlikely to try to make at home. And takeout fills another need as well, for the atmosphere of the home-cooked dinner.

单选题Whothrewtheteaintothesea?A.Americancolonists.B.RedIndians.C.TheBritainarmy.D.TheAmericanarmy.

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单选题By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers' sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all. Most people regard snake bites as fatal misfortune, but net all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures. All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of him. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are close. The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the bodyweight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison. Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.

单选题Whatdidthemanwant?[A]Bread.[B]Acupofcoffee.[C]Acupoftea.

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单选题Play is the principal business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child' s development. In recent years' research on infant development has shown the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for leaning to play and get on with others. By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys. Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same thing to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed—to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed related hazards are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

单选题In England recently three foreign gentlemen approached a bus stop. About five minutes later the bus they wanted came along. They prepared to board it. Suddenly there was a clamor behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted insulting remarks about foreigners. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of queuing for a bus so that the first person who arrived at a bus stop is the first person it get on the bus. Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to ensure a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customers of your hosts. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at another and assume that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a rotating movement of the head is a gesture that signifies agreement or acceptance. Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty. In that country you shake your head to signify "yes"— a nod indicates "no". Arabs are known for their gracious hospitality. At a meal in countries on the Arabian peninsula, you will find that any drinking vessel is repeatedly refilled as soon as you drain it. The way to indicate that you have had enough is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top. In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could cause offence. It is considered too informal an attitude for such an occasion. Also when in Thailand avoid touching the head of an adult—it's just not done.

单选题The American need to own things is partly the result of mass advertising, (26) urges consumers to discard last year' s car or clothing in (27) of the current models with the latest designs. Some people are (28) that they must" (29) the Jones," that they must have whatever their neighbors have. The old car or the old stereo set (30) work perfectly, but a newer and bigger one might (31) the family' s esteem in the community. Possessions become (32) of financial success; they elevate (33) social status. Advertisers also (34) to the American desire to look youthful and be physically attractive. Commercials attempt to sell many products—shampoo, toothpaste, deodorant and soap, for example— (35) implying that their particular (36) will help its user be more appealing. But Americans also make many (37) for practical reasons. They buy (38) devices to do routine household chores more quickly and easily. Every housewife wants a vacuum cleaner, an electric mixer, a steam iron, an automatic clothes washer and dryer, and a dishwasher. (39) every home-owning husband would like a power lawn mower, as now -blower, and an electric drill. Americans also buy things (40) they like to do things. Equipment (41) hobbies and books about "do-it-yourself' projects are very popular. Americans want to know how to cook with a "continental" flair while refinishing the bedroom furniture and (42) a million dollars in the stock market. The American (43) of activity is part of a generally (44) outlook on life, a belief that the value of knowledge is (45) to its usefulness.

单选题What is the woman's major?

单选题Whendoesthisconversationtakeplace?

单选题Managers spend a great deal of their time communicating orally, whether (1) person or on the phone. Some businesspeople prefer to (2) this way, feeling that oral channels allow them (3) convey their true messages most accurately. (4) vital component of oral communication is (5) , the skill of receiving a message (6) interpreting its genuine meaning by accurately grasping (7) facts and feelings it conveys. While listening is the first communication (8) that people learn in life and the one (9) use the most often, it is also the one in which they receive the (10) formal training. It is tempting to think that listening is easy—after all, it seems to require (11) effort. This appearance is deceptive, however. (12) the average person talks at a rate of roughly 150 words per minute, the brain can (13) up to 400 words per minute. This discrepancy can lead (14) boredom, inattention, and misinterpretation. (15) fact, immediately after listening to a message, the (16) person can recall only half of it. Several days later, the recall percentage (17) to 25 percent or less. Noise, interference with messages (18) transmission, can occur as a result of physical factors (19) poor reception of a radio message or inability (20) hear a conversation with a co-worker. In other instances, misinterpretations produce faulty communications.

单选题听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13题。

单选题 Directions Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. Medical experts have {{U}}(26) {{/U}} suspected a link between the health of the mind and the health of the body. From time to time researchers have reported {{U}}(27) {{/U}} of much a link. One such report now comes from the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine. The study shows that the mental disorder known as depression {{U}}(28) {{/U}} to harm the body's natural defense system against disease. {{U}} (29) {{/U}} of severe depression generally have a low opinion of themselves. They often lose {{U}}(30) {{/U}} in everything. They seem vary sad. They have trouble {{U}}(31) {{/U}}. And they generally lose their {{U}}(32) {{/U}} to eat. In most extreme examples, depressed persons {{U}}(33) {{/U}} want to kill themselves. The University of California study was {{U}}(34) {{/U}} by Dr. Michael Irwin. He began the study two years ago at a hospital in the city of Los Angeles. The study involved 37 women, {{U}}(35) {{/U}} husbands were dying of lung cancer. Dr. Irwin studied the women for {{U}}(36) {{/U}} of depression. He took some of their blood both before and after the death of their husbands. He examined the blood for {{U}}(37) {{/U}} that help the body fight disease. These are the substances scientists call natural killer cells. T suppressor cells, and T helper cells. Dr. Irwin then looked for the same {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of cells in the blood of women whose husbands {{U}}(39) {{/U}} healthy. Dr. Irwin {{U}}(40) {{/U}} that disease- fighting cells were not very active in the women whose husbands were dying or had just {{U}}(41) {{/U}}. The rate of activity was {{U}}(42) {{/U}} than in women whose husbands were healthy. Dr. Irwin also found that the rate of activity was {{U}}(43) {{/U}} linked to the {{U}}(44) {{/U}} of each woman's depression {{U}}(45) {{/U}} the death of her husband.