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单选题{{I}} Questions 15-18 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 15-18.{{/I}}

单选题.. The message of 1 such as this is 2 natural systems are complex, unpredictable:understanding them 3 patient observation and 4 analysis. The lack of these conditions explains why, in the early modern era, grass snakes were killed as venomous, and gardeners 5 worms because they 6 gnaw plant roots. The assumption that people "ought" to know about such things is based on an urban-rural divide that opened up in the 18th century. For a 7 of centuries, city and country people did 8 separate realms. But the car, the phone, the media and the Internet have contributed to the 9 tendency of what we call modern lifestyle; and the vast population 10 from cities into rural areas blurred the difference 11 urban and rural. Thus, a new word "rurban" -has been coined to 12 this condition. Most of us now work 13 or in an office, and 14 we are involved in our primary industries, we are 15 more likely to be staring 16 a computer than 17 with the landscape. Human life has turned generally into a 18 by work, sleep, shopping and TV-all 19 identical 20 performed in town or country.

单选题Questions 22 ～ 25 are based on the following conversation between a daughter and her father.

单选题Directions: You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue only once.

单选题Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

单选题 The idea of helping people comes naturally to most of us. If we see a blind person getting off a bus, we watch to make sure that he is in no danger of falling. Members of a family help one another, with particular care for the very young and the elderly. There are many people who have nobody near to see their need for help and often nobody to give it even when the need is known. The old, the handicapped, the homeless and friendless -- these are the people for whom help may not come, because nobody sees. It may not have occurred to you that you are in a position to help. Community service means helping the people around you. Organizations exist which try to make sure that someone sees when help is needed and does something about it. These organizations depend on voluntary help to carry out a wide variety of tasks, volunteers giving up a little of their spare time to lend a hand. If you wish to take part in this worthwhile activity, what sort of things would you do? Think of the people most in need of help and the ways in which help can be given. Much of the work of community service is concerned with the cam of the elderly and the handicapped. Old people cannot always redecorate their homes. Household repairs, cleaning, preparing food or taking care of the garden may all prove difficult. Elderly people with failing eyesight are delighted ii a friend comes in to read or to write letters for them A helping hand and a friendly face can mean a great deal to a lonely elderly person. Handicapped people may be young or old. People confined to wheelchairs cannot go out unless somebody takes them. Blind children may love swimming but they need a sighted swimmer to go with them. Some handicapped people may be unable to go out at all and a visitor is then more than welcome. Voluntary help is needed in hospitals. There are library and shop trolleys to be taken round the wards and at Christmas time decorations to be put up and parties and concerts to be organized. Some volunteers help to run playgrounds for young children during school holidays and also look after children in preschool play groups. What do you do if you want to help? Your school may have contact with an outside organization or, indeed, run a community service scheme itself. In many towns there is a committee called the Council of Social Service or the Guild of Social Welfare and they will be able to tell you about voluntary activities in the area. The Citizens' Advice Bureau and the Women's Royal Voluntary Service are other sources of information, as is the public library. Churches, the Scouts arid other youth organizations can tell you about their activities. Most large cities in the United Kingdom have youth groups for community service, for it is here that the need is greatest If you join such a group, you will bring pleasure and hope to people who need your help.

单选题For over a million years, our forefathers were basically ______.

单选题 Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing—older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, "end up retiring much later." For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream. Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. "My body is aging," says Metcalf. "You can't get away from that." Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. "They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says Joan Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one:"that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child," she says. Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. "We both wanted children," says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, "a sense of family." Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. "The dads are older, more mature," says Dr. Silber, "and more ready to focus on parenting."

单选题We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended), tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. Pedigrees (家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place. The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database. In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. “For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome(染色体)),” explains Ugo A．Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.．

单选题Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanneedshelp.B.Themaniscomplaining.C.Themanlikeshisjob.D.Themanistalkingwithhisboss.

单选题The role of trees is to______.

单选题The music millionaire Johnny Mathis doesn't think ______.

单选题According to the passage, many Third World countries ______.

单选题Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?