With the world' s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact, this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this【C1】______ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a【C2】______ , sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation' s energy security, and will be one of the major【C3】______ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy-bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few—are【C4】______ being funded and developed, and will play a growing【C5】______ in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when【C6】______ , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world' s energy needs by 2049. For example, even with【C7】______ investments, such as the $ 93 million for wind energy development【C8】______ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio fuels【C9】______ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of【C10】______ —both traditional and alternative.[A] stable [B] solutions[C] significant [D] role[E] progress [F] marvelous[G] included [H] growth[I] exactly [J] consist[K] comprise [L] competitions[M] combined [N] challenges [O] certainly

Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

The cohesiveness(内聚力)of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine practices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours—what we here call "shift work"—makes the lives of families difficult. Existing research shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage, including sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is characterized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to support the family; wives are "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children. The women's definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wife's response;I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me, expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speaking, when it's time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything. To husbands, a good wife is someone who is: Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work, I hope I get it at work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don't want her to give me a lot of shit when I come home from work because I don't know if this makes much sense. These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.

{{B}}Part B{{/B}}

What is the man?

Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the【C1】______ risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get【C2】______ benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week. Strength training is another important【C3】______ of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and【C4】______ bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,【C5】______ recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are【C6】______ important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are【C7】______ , and simple flexibility training can【C8】______ these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you'll get an idea of how natural it is. The general【C9】______ is simple: whenever the baby has been in one position for a while, it is good to【C10】______ stretch it in an opposite position.[A] allowing [B] avoidable[C] briefly [D] component[E] determined [F] helping[G] increasingly [H] lowest[I] maintain [J] maximum[K] prevent [L] principle[M] provoke [N] seriously[O] topic

What is Ms. Bush' s main purpose for the trip? What is Ms. Bush' s main purpose for the trip?

Why is the woman so happy?

Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing "Sunshine on My Shoulders," I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and outdoors I' ve had for decades as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing shirtless in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. 【C1】______ Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide, a gas whose production is stimulated when your skin is exposed to the sun' s rays.【C2】______Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better heart health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily. 【C3】______Research on 280 volunteers there found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area. One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current.【C4】______Although "earthing" or "grounding" is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risk. So, walk around barefoot whenever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches. 【C5】______A 2011 British review of 11 studies found that people who exercised outside generally reported more energy and less anger, tension, and depression—all factors contributing to heart attack—than those who worked out indoors.[A]Exercising indoors is another option.[B]It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks.[C]Exercising outdoors may be more beneficial than working out indoors.[D]In Japan, walking through forests for healing has become a popular practice.[E]Direct contact with it may be a stabilizing force for good health.[F]As a doctor, I can tell you they are also very good for your heart.[G]You’ll get greater health benefits exercising where it' s green.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. As a Chinese saying goes, "Take your hand, and hold it forever." Eternal love is what people dream of, and this kind of love truly exists in Heyuan city, Guangdong province. Pan Tianci and Gao Di, who were born in 1919 and 1920 respectively, have spent 93 years together and been married for 81 years. Gao joined Pan's family as a child bride when she was only two, and later got married at 14. Now they have a family boasting four generations and 15 members in total. Marriages that have lasted more than 80 years are known as "oak marriages", and are very rare. It is said that only 20 or so couples in the world have oak marriages. Oak is labeled as the tree of mystery. Being the tallest and exuberant tree in the world, oak tree is in charge of Cupid the god of love in the Greek ancient myth. Oak marriage refers to the 80 anniversary of marriage, which is derived from French, symbolized the love for a long time. To celebrate Pan and Gao's "oak marriage" , an anniversary party was held in the village over the weekend. Villagers say the couple stays in good health, and the two of them usually hang out hand in hand. According to their 67-year-old son, Pan and Gao have always respected each other and never lost temper in the past, setting a good example for their progeny.

John Lubbock, a British member of the Parliament, led to the first law to safeguard Britain' s heritage—the Ancient Monuments Bill. How did it happen? By the late 1800s more and more people were visiting Stonehenge for a day out. Now a World Heritage Site owned by the Crown, it was, at the time, privately owned and neglected. But the visitors left behind rubbish and leftover food. It encouraged rats that made holes at the stones' foundations, weakening them. One of the upright stones had already fallen over and one had broken in two. They also chipped pieces off the stones for souvenirs and carved pictures into them, says architectural critic Jonathan Glancey. It was the same for other pre-historic remains, which were disappearing fast. Threats also included farmers and landowners as the ancient stones got in the way of working on the fields and were a free source of building materials. Shocked and angry, Lubbock took up the fight. When he heard Britain' s largest ancient stone circle at Avebury in Wiltshire was up for sale in 1871 he persuaded its owners to sell it to him and the stone circle was saved. "Lubbock aroused national attention for ancient monuments,"says Glancey. "At the time places like Stonehenge were just seen as a collection of stones, ancient sites to get building materials. " "Lubbock knew they were the roots of British identity. He did for heritage what Darwin did for natural history. " But Lubbock couldn' t buy every threatened site. He knew laws were needed and tabled the Ancient Monuments Bill. It proposed government powers to take any pre-historic site under threat away from uncaring owners, a radical idea at the time. For eight years he tried and failed to get the bill through parliament. Finally, in 1882, it was voted into law. It had, however, been watered down: people had to willingly give their ancient monuments to the government. But what it did do was plant the idea that the state could preserve Britain' s heritage better than private owners. Pressure started to be put on the owners of sites like Stonehenge to take better care of them.

What are these people planning to do? What are these people planning to do?

Hadley: If you smoke and you still don't believe that there' s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. Just have a look at those people in hospital with these diseases and count how many of them do not smoke, and then you may be surprised at the number. Even these few people might be passive smokers without realizing it.Randy: Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It is almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so carefully that smoking may be harmful, it doesn' t do to shout too loudly about it.Sampson: The advertising of tobacco is one of the problems. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict handsome, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!Rowley: Of course tobacco can help government to raise money. However, while money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether.Bernice: Smoking can provide constant consolation. When I feel worried or nervous, I just get a cigarette and everything seems to get right. After a day' s hard work, the thing I want to do most is smoking. It can be even better than a cup of coffee. It is so enjoyable and relaxing that it relieves stresses of every day life. So why bother to ban it and take the pleasure from us. Now match each of the persons (36-40) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements[A] Smoking brings many psychological benefits.[B] Tobacco is an important source of income to the government.[C] Smoking is sure to cause diseases.[D] It' s a short sighted policy to depend on tobacco for money.[E] The advertisement for it is dishonest and harmful.[F] The tobacco industry makes high quality advertisement for smoking.[G] It' s doubtful whether there is link between smoking and cancer.

How many courses did the woman take last semester?

{{B}}Part BDirections: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.{{/B}}

What will the man do tonight? What will the man do tonight?

Five-year-old Elia arrived at school with a big box of colored pencils. Her friend, Anna, offered to exchange her set of markers for the brand-new pencils. Elia agreed, but soon discovered that the markers were dried up. "That' s not fair!" cried Elia to her teacher. "I want my new pencils back. " After some tears and negotiation, the teacher helped the girls set things right by returning the items to their original owners. Later that day, at story time, the teacher shared the picture book classic A Bargain for Frances. Though the conflict in the story is just over a broken tea set, the message about fair play was not lost on the children. The book was helpful in exploring a small, yet significant, life lesson. Stories are vital to the way we process and experience life events and the feelings that surround us. The ability to create, share, and respond to stories is one of the vital characteristics of being human. In fact, the human brain is programmed to see patterns and become fascinated in the plot development of stories, finally storing them in long-term memory. As a result, the brain is a remarkably effective processor of stories, both real and fictional. High-quality picture books are a good blend of art and literature that attracts kids' imagination and communicates an idea in an effective way. These books are perfect teaching tools, as they deal with the powerful emotions that kids feel, model effective coping strategies, and present complex concepts in appropriate ways. In addition, according to brain research, the picture book complements words with what leaves the most permanent impression: images. The pictures in books are distinctive from the fleeting images kids see on television in that they remain on the page, ready to be revisited, touched, and commented upon. Whether we share stories about families, historical events, or emotions, stories are a way to sum up life' s memorable moments and lasting lessons. We can control the power of literature and use it to develop positive character in young kids by reading often, choosing suitable books, and enjoying stories together.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. The House of 1000 Mirrors Long ago in a small, faraway village, there was a place known as the House of 1000 Mirrors. A small, happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit. When he arrived, he bounced happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself staring at 1000 other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as fast as his. He smiled a great smile, and was answered with 1000 great smiles just as warm and friendly. As he left the House, he thought to himself, "This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit it often. " In this same village, another little dog, who was not quite as happy as the first one, decided to visit the house. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door. When he saw the 1000 unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him, he growled at them and was horrified to see 1000 little dogs growling back at him. As he left, he thought to himself, "That is a horrible place, and I will never go back there again. " All the faces in the world are mirrors. What kinds of reflections do you see in the faces of the people you meet?

You do not usually get something for nothing. Now, a new study reveals that the evolution of an improved learning ability could come at a particularly high price: an earlier death. Past experiments have demonstrated that it is relatively easy through selective breeding to make rats, honey bees and—that great favourite of researchers—fruit flies a lot better at learning. Animals that are better learners should be competitive and, thus, over time, come to dominate a population by natural selection. But improved learning ability does not get selected amongst these animals in the wild. No one really understands why. Tadeusz Kawecki and his colleagues at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland have measured the effects of improved learning on the lives of fruit flies. The flies were given two different fruits as egg-laying sites. One of these was laced with a bitter additive that could be detected only on contact. The flies were then given the same fruit but without an additive. Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their experience. Their children were reared and the experiment was run again. After repeating the experiment for 30 generations, the children of the learned flies were compared with normal flies. The researchers report in a forthcoming edition of Evolution that although learning ability could be bred into a population of fruit flies, it shortened their lives by 1.5% . When the researchers compared their learned flies to colonies selectively bred to live long lives, they found even greater differences. Whereas learned flies had reduced their life spans, the long-lived flies learned less well than even average flies. The authors suggest that evolving an improved learning ability may require a greater investment in the nervous system which takes resources away from processes that delay ageing. However, Dr. Kawecki thinks the effect could also be a by-product of greater brain activity increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS), which can increase oxidation in the body and damage health. No one knows whether the phenomenon holds true for other animals. So, biologists, at least, still have a lot to learn.

阅读理解In 2009, Dan Black was hit by a car in his hometown of Chepstow, Wales, as he was biking to his job at a grocery store