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单选题 Text Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (26) over the centuries. During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to (27) the reading process. (28) specialists agree that reading (29) a complex organization of higher mental (30) , they disagree (31) the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (32) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (33) . These authorities (34) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is (35) related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (36) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (37) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (38) reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (39) . By some expert they would not be (40) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most (41) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (42) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (43) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (44) widely and enthusiastically. (45) , reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

单选题Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It"s the one 21 the teacher standing in the schoolroom door 22 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 23 them, "By the way, we won World War Ⅱ." The problem with the joke, of course, is that it"s 24 funny. The recent surveys on 25 illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 26 which countries the United States 27 against in that war. One third have no 28 when the Declaration of Independence was 29 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 30 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 31 when they get the answers right, some are 32 guessing. Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 33 connected to loss of international 34 . But it does affect our future 35 a democratic nation and as individuals. The 36 news is that there is growing agreement 37 what is wrong with the 38 of history and what needs to be 39 to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) 40 yet to be felt in most classrooms.

单选题{{I}}Questions 18-21 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题From the report, we can conclude that______.

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单选题Even a careful motorist may have the misfortune to commit a motoring offence. In this case, he will appear in a police court. This is a court ruled by a judge without a jury. A judge has powers to pass sentence for relatively minor offences only; serious charges are dealt with by a judge and a jury. In certain cases, the accused may choose to go before a judge and a jury, instead of appearing before just a judge. A court is also used for the conduct of preliminary inquiries to determine whether or not an accused person shall appear for trial in a higher court. When his case comes up in court, the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself. The judge then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. The officer takes the oath to "tell the truth, the whole truth, nothing but the truth." He also is expected to give an account of what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances. For example, the offence may have been partly due to the foolishness of another motorist. It would be unwise for the accused motorist to exaggerate this. It will not help his case to try to blame someone else for his own mistake. If you are guilty, it is of course wise to say you're guilty and apologize for committing the offence and taking up the court's time. Judges are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say: "You've got good reasons, but you have broken the law and I am obliged to impose a fine. Pay five pounds. Next case." Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and judges have a public duty to perform, and are rude to them. This does not pay! A judge will not let off an offender merely because he is respectful, but a courteous law-breaker may certainly hope that the judge will extend him what tolerance the law permits.

单选题When Mrs. Ritchfield walked him to school the day after the funeral, the author felt______.

单选题The human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the outside world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a system of nerves, we couldn"t know what"s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture (折磨) is based on the human body being open to pain. But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir (苦行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle fight through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. ff the dentist says, "This will hurt a little," it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation (感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasantsensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.

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单选题The following qualities are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ______?

单选题The author of this article maintains ______.

单选题Questions 15 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题 {{B}}Glynis Wang{{/B}} I first piled on the pounds when I was pregnant and I couldn' t lose them afterwards. Then I joined a slimming club. My target was 10 stone and I lost 2 stone and 21bs in six months. I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I' d lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year, but it didn' t happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I' d lost the willpower and tried to convince myself that the old bag of crisps didn' t make any difference—but the scales don' t lie. {{B}}Roz Juma{{/B}} To be honest, I never weigh myself any more—I' ve learned to be happy with myself. It seemed ridiculous to feel guilty about every morsel that passed my lips. My philosophy is simple: You shouldn' t be preoccupied with food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming about a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I' m meant to be and, most of all, I' m happy with it. {{B}}Lesley Gao{{/B}} I was very happy after winning Young Slimmer of the year. I' d look in the mirror unable to believe this slim creature was me. That might have been my problem—perhaps I didn' t relate to my reflection any more. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though, because you feel the eyes of the world are on you. I feel a failure because I' ve put on weight again... I find it humiliating and embarrassing. {{B}}Ros Langford{{/B}} Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I' d always been about 8 stone, but domestic bliss went straight to my waist and I put on 2 stone in a year. Every so often I try to go on a diet... I' m really good for a few days, then end up eating the children' s leftovers or gorging on chocolate—my weakness. I' d like to be slim, but right now my priorities are the children and home. I may be more motivated when the kids are older. {{B}}Mary Green{{/B}} I' m a compulsive eater. I can' t control my urges and I really love cakes. When I' m slim and I feel like a million dollars—and when I' m not I get very depressed. Over the years I' d tried and failed with just about every diet. I was determined I' d never put the weight back on, but at some stage along the line I lost my resolution, and it started to creep on again... Certainly I will face the same problem in the future.{{I}} Now match each of the persons with the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. {{/I}} {{B}}Statements{{/B}} [A] I put on weight after I got married. [B] The heavier, the merrier. [C] Facts speak louder than words. [D] I like myself as I am. [E] I' m constantly at war with my weight.[F] Fame doesn't necessarily mean success.[G] I think I' ll be slim again.