单选题The African (1) of today's black Americans were brought to the U.S. as slaves in the seventeen, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. They worked on farms, (2) on large farms in the southern states. (3) they became a part of the economic system of the South. Slaves did not have the rights of people; (4) the law, they were "thing" which belonged to the person who bought them. They had to (5) the orders of their owners (6) . They were not allowed (7) to read; their owners feared that (8) slaves would begin to think about the (9) of the system and would learn to (10) their freedom. Slaves had to work long hours in (11) conditions Their owners had (12) power over them. They could be bought and sold like animals. At the slave markets, black children were separated form their parents and never saw them again. Slaves owners had the right to punish severely the slave who broke rules of (13) against the system. Slaves were often beaten (14) by their owners or killed. After the Civil War, one free slave (15) that his owner killed an old slave who was teaching him to read. There was a law against brutality to slaves, so (16) an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished. In practice, however, the law (17) nothing. Another law said that slaves could not give (18) white people, so very (19) owners were (20) punished for their brutality.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 18～21 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题{{I}}Question 18～21 are based on the following conversation.{{/I}}

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题Everything living on earth-each plant and animal-needs other living things. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a tree or a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing hunts another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain. Some food chains are simple, others are complicated. But all have two things in common-all food chains begin with the sun, and all food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. All life depends on energy from sunlight. Only plants can use this energy directly. Their leaves are little factories that use sunlight to make food from water and things in the soil and air. Plants in turn feed all other living things. Animals can only use the sun's energy after it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants, others eat smaller animals: Meat-eating animals are only eating plants indirectly. What about human beings? We are members of many food chains. We eat wheat, rice, vegetables, fruits and so on. We also eat meat and drink milk. This means the sun's energy passes through plant to animal before it reaches us. Nature is a greater thing. Any food chain always produces enough for each of its members if it is left alone. When there isn't enough food for any link in the chain, some of its members die off. So the balance is always kept. But men in their greed and ignorance often break up the food chain and do great harm not only to one plant or animal, but to all the links in the chain. People make seas and rivers dirty. They destroy whole forests and kill many kinds of wild animals and birds. When a river becomes dirty, the fish cannot be eaten. Men eat the fish and get strange diseases. In some places men have no fish to eat any more, because the fish have died off. Each form of life is linked to all others. Breaking the links puts all life in danger.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer -- A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} The cohesiveness(内聚力)of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine practices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours—what we here call "shift work"—makes the lives of families difficult. Existing research shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage, including sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is characterized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to support the family; wives are "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children. The women's definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wife's response: I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me, expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speaking, when it's time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything. To husbands, a good wife is someone who is: Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work, I hope I get it at work, I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don't want her to give me a lot of shit when I come home from work because I don't know if this makes much sense. These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.

单选题Which of the following agrees with the old image of a typical Tory?

单选题 Questions 22-25 are based on a conversation you are going to hear.

单选题How careless he was ! He ______ a lot of important ideas while reading. [A] kept [B] passed [C] missed

单选题As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution_______.

单选题Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's flight, one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for probable metal. " Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain area, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible. " Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metal. " From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word: "Uranium. " None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic power of looking down below the earth's surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground.., trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow in the surface. At Watson Bar Greek, a brook(小溪) six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory, the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help prove hospitals who are accused of wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain. A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process. "Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse." "I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering." Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.