单选题What is possible the result of globalization to the U. S. ?

单选题 In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hale, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society' s moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (133%) of other people' s lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual' s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show' s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life' s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show' s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.

单选题The reactions of the scientific circles to the new reports can be best described as that of______.

单选题When Dresier went to visit an orphan asylum, ______.

单选题The main idea of this passage is that ______. [A] the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago [B] priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities [C] better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of life [D] attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative activities

单选题 Questions 18-20 are based on the following monologue introducing the consequences of the Gulf War. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18-20.

单选题 Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing the Curies. You ,now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

单选题In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

单选题 Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debate. As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools ,an old but explosive issue is reappearing ;What is intelligence — and is it determined largely by genetics? The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some U. S. scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests. Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ — intelligence quotient — tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors 'as family background, poverty and emotional disorders. Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of supers mart children of brainy parents — and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents. Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments: "Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and in-evitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. " Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt's studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child's IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points. At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} On Tuesday August 11th, 1911, a young artist, Louis Beraud, arrived at the Louvre in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon Carre. This was the room where the world's most famous painting, the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, was on display. To his surprise there was an empty space where the painting should have been. At 11 o'clock the museurn authorities realized that the painting had been stolen. The next day headlines all over the world announced the theft. Actually the Leonardo had been gone for more than twenty-four hours before anyone noticed it was missing. The museum was always closed on Mondays for maintenance. Just before closing time on Sunday three men had entered the museum, where they had hidden themselves in a storeroom. The actual theft was quick and simple. Early the next morning Perrugia removed the painting from the wall while the others kept watch. Then they went out a hack exit. Nothing was seen or heard of the painting for two years when Perrugia tried to sell it to a dealer for half a million lire. Perrugia was arrested on December 13th Perrugia claimed he had stolen it as an act of patriot-ism, because, he said, the painting had been looted from the Italian nation by Napoleon. Perrugia was imprisoned for 7 months. It seemed that the crime of the century had been solved. But had it? Perrugia was keen to claim all responsibility for the theft, and it was twenty years before the whole story came out. In fact Perrugia bad been working for two master criminals, Valfierno and Chaudron, who went unpunished for their crime. They would offer to steal a famous painting from a gallery for a crooked dealer or an unscrupulous private collector. They would then make a copy of the picture and, with the help of bribed gallery attendants, tape the copy to the back of the original painting. The dealer would then be taken to the gallery and would be invited to make a secret mark on the back of the painting. Of course the dealer would actually be marking the copy. Valfierno would later produce forged newspaper cuttings announcing the theft of the original, and then produce the copy, complete with secret marking. If the dealer were to see the painting still in the gallery, he would be persuaded that it was a copy, and that he possessed the genuine one. Chaudron then painted not one, but six copies of the Mona Lisa, using 400-year-old wood panels from antique Italian furniture The forgeries were carefully aged, so that the varnish was cracked and dirty. Valfierno commissioned Perrugia to steal the original, and told him to hide it until Valfierno contacted him Perrugia waited in vain in a tiny room in Paris with the painting, but heard nothing from his partners in crime. They had gone to New York, where the six copies were already in store. They had sent them there before the original was stolen. At that time it was quite common for artists to copy old masters, which would be sold quite honestly as imitations, so there had been no problems with US Customs. Valfierno went on to sell all six copies for $ 300 000 each. Valfierno told the story to a journalist in 1914, on condition that it would not be published until his death. Does the story end there? Collectors have claimed that Perrugia returned a copy. It is also possible that Leonardo may have painted several versions of the Mona Lisa, or they might be copies made by Leonardo's pupils. There has been a lot of controversy and argument about the 450-year-old painting, but after all, maybe that's what She's smiling about.

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}broken, makes the offender immediately the object of {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It has been known as a fact that a British has a {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}to everyone. This may be so. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}a British cannot have much {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate—or as inaccurate—as the weathermen in his {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful day!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}he wants to start a conversation with a British but is {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}an answer from even the most reserved of the British.

单选题Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about a driver's experience.

单选题In many U.S. cities thousands of young people are developing their minds as well as their bodies by learning karate. In the United States, karate is currently taught in more than fifty special schools, and in an increasing number of high schools and colleges. Karate is a science of unarmed self-defense and counterattack. It is a sort of "weapon in an empty hand". In fact, karate means "empty hands" in Japanese. A highly skilled practitioner of karate, called a "karateka", uses his hands, fists, fingers, elbows, feet, and shrill yells as a weapon to ward off his assailant's attack. Karate requires a great deal of coordination and long practice to perfect the blocks, strikes, and light taps that are used for self- defense. Beginners learn to squat, sit up, pivot and stretch, jump and kick waist- high. Karate blows are so dangerous that trainees practice them without bodily contact with an opponent. They are able to smash boards and bricks with a clenched fist or the edge of their hands. Not all karate training is physical. Karatekas spend a great deal of time in meditation in order to train their minds to know exactly where their opponents' weak and strong points are, so that they can cope with them. This mental training also helps increase the karatekas' self-confidence to defeat their assailant successfully or to avoid violence completely, in fact, master karate practitioners have disciplined their bodies and minds so well that they rarely need to fight. It is believed that a Buddhist monk in India invented karate in the sixth century A.D. and taught it to Chinese monks who brought it to the island of Okinawa and called it "kungfu". In the early seventeenth century, when the Japanese invaded Okinawa, they took every weapon from the people. Over the years, the Okinawans secretly developed karate to a high degree to repel their enemies. Since the 1960s karate has been a popular sport in many countries, and may even be a part of the official Olympic competitions in 2000. The color of a karateka's belt indicates his level of karate expertise. Beginning students wear white belts, and can advance to the level of the black belt — a very high honor that few people attain. Although most students of karate never earn a black belt, of which there are ten levels, they do become more self- disciplined individuals who can defend themselves when necessary. For Bobby Hamilton and Paula Jones, karate not only is a means of self-defense, but also it gives them new knowledge and spiritual balance to cope with our increasingly complex world.

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