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单选题Gettysburg is______.

单选题No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers?" an American senator asked Time Warner executives recently. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It"s a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company"s mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company"s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T"s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society,"he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won"t retreat when we face any threats." Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders" meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society"s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Ever since Gregor Mendel's famous experiments with hybrid sweet peas, it has been known that there must be unitary elements within the cells which exert control over inherited characteiristics, and for a long time there was considerable speculation about what these were. These elements came to be known as genes, and although they were long treated as hypothetical constructs, a great deal of knowledge about them slowly accumulated. It came to be known, for example, that each gene had to be passed along virtually unchanged from generation to generation; that there must be many thousands of these particles in every human cell, distributed unevenly among the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes; that each gene must occupy a very definite place (locus) on its chromosome; and that each pair of homologous chromosomes had to contain homologous assortments of genes, arranged with few exceptions in precisely the same order on each member of the chromosome pairs. A wonderfully complex and fruitful system thus emerged about an aspect of the world which no one has ever directly observed. Let us now briefly turn to some of the newly acquired insights which have greatly expanded the already impressive theory of genetics. Genes are, of course, too small to be seen even by the most powerful electron microscopes, but recent research by geneticists, microbiologists, and biochemists has rapidly advanced our information about their constitution and action. The chemical substance of which the genes and thus the chromosomes are made is now known to be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a giant molecule containing a double-spiral strand of material which embodies the genetic code. The chromosomes consist of long strands of DNA, which, although it is capable of transmitting vastly complex "code messages", is comprised of combinations of only four primary chemical subunits, or "code letters". This great insight into the structure and functioning of genetic material, which was first proposed by James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick in 1953, involves a new description of what genes are like. A gene is simply a specific portion of the double-spiral strand of DNA which consists of a particular combination of the code letters that spell out a particular code word. Various combinations of the four code letters, forming different code words, provide the biochemical information used in the construction of the different proteins in the cell. Many of these proteins act as enzymes. The enzymes, as has been pointed out above, are the biological catalysts which direct all the chemical or metabolic reactions that are going on continuously in all cells. These metabolic functions are, of course, the basis of all the physical growth and development of any living organism. The code is embodied in the DNA of the chromosomes and genes, but exactly how does this code determine the production of proteins? Obviously, the code must be transmitted to the sites at which the actual work of protein synthesis is carried out. The material which accomplishes this task is ribonucleic acid (RNA), a substance very similar to DNA and complementary to it. From the code site on the linear, DNA molecule (which is the gene), RNA, the messenger, carries the code to the cellular particles out into the cytoplasm of the cell, where proteins are manufactured. This messenger RNA provides the pattern, and another type of RNA, transfer RNA, collects from within the cytoplasm the raw materials, the amino acids, from which the proteins are made. With the pattern and the materials, the poteins are formed, one step at a time. These proteins act as enzymes or biological catalysis. They exist in all living organisms and control their growth and function through the control of the chemical transformations involved in metabolism. A very large number of enzymes are present in any living creature, and the absence or malformation of any enzyme can destroy the normal sequence of metabolism of a given biochemical substance. We can thus see that genetic activity takes the form of biochemical regulation, the genes determining the formation of enzymes. In this sense, all genetic disorders are primarily metabolic defects (Garrod, 1908). A defective or changed gene will in mm produce a change in the protein with which it is associated. The only result of such a change may be a slight alteration in the function of the protein, and there may thus be little or no observable effect. If the change or defect takes place within the code message for an essential element of the protein, however, the enzyme activity of this protein may be rendered completely inactive. If this happens, the result can be grave trouble: perhaps death, serious disease, or severe mental retardation due to poisoning of the central nervous system by a metabolite that is toxic to this system. The error in enzyme synthesis may begin to be important, so that the structure of the central nervous system is faulty almost from the beginning of embryonic life, or it may become important much later in the life cycle. It is quite likely that, in the foreseeable future, many essential biochemical processes will be understood in terms of the precise genetic codes responsible for them. All of the amino acids have already yielded to such analysis; their codes have been identified. Understanding may come control and prevention, such as may be possible by administration of the lacking enzymes, dietary control of substances which the individual is unable to metabolize, or transplantation of normal tissue to the diseased individual to correct the metabolic error.

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. In the past, the Park Service focused on making the big scenic parks more {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}and comfortable for tourists. Roads were paved to allow "windshield visitors" to experience the grandeur of nature without leaving their cars, and a {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}number of hotels and grocery stores were permitted to open {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the park boundaries. Now this trend is changing. Plans have been made to {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}the parks to their natural condition as much as possible. The objective of such a move would be to secure the preservation of the parks for future generations, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}allowing present-day visitors to experience pure wilderness, {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}from any obvious signs of civilization—an opportunity which is quickly disappearing in the twentieth century. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}plans call only {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}a reduction in the number of cars {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}into the parks each day, but {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, tourists may have to leave their cars at the gates and then either visit the park on foot {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}use park {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, stores and hotels may no longer be allowed within park boundaries and even the number of campgrounds may be restricted. Denali National Park in Alaska serves as an excellent {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}for this new type of park, one which has been changed only slightly from its {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}state. There is only one road, unpaved in {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, which cross {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}Denali. As car traffic is strictly limited, many visitors experience the magnificent {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}and wildlife from a park bus. There are no hotels or stores and only seven campgrounds within Denali's 3,000 square miles. This {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}isolation offers backpackers, canoeists, and other sport enthusiasts a {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}physical and psychological challenge.

单选题 As is the case in many cultures, the degree to which a minority group was seen as different from the characteristics of the dominant majority determined the extent of that group's acceptance. Immigrants who were like the earlier settlers were accepted. The large numbers of immigrants with significantly different characteristics tended to be viewed as a threat to basic American values and the American way of life. This was particularly true of the immigrants who arrived by the million during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most of them came from poverty-stricken nations of southern and eastern Europe. They spoke languages other than English, and large numbers of them were Catholics or Jews. Americans at the time were very fearful of this new flood of immigrants. They were afraid that these people were so accustomed to lives of poverty and dependence that they would not understand such basic American values as freedom, self-reliance and competition. There were so many new immigrants that they might even change the basic values of the nation in undesirable ways. Americans tried to meet what they saw as a threat to their values by offering English instruction for the new immigrants and citizenship classes to teach them basic American beliefs. The immigrants, however, often felt that their American teachers disapproved of the traditions of their homeland. Moreover, learning about American values gave them little help in meeting their most important needs such as employment, food, and a place to live. Far more helpful to the new immigrants were the "political bosses" of the larger cities of the northeastern United States, where most of the immigrants first arrived. Those bosses saw too many of the practical needs of the immigrants and were more accepting of the different homeland traditions. In exchange for their help, the political bosses expected the immigrants to keep them in power by voting for them in elections. In spite of this, many scholars believe that the political bosses performed an important function in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They helped to assimilate large numbers of disadvantaged white immigrants into the larger American culture. The fact that the United States had a rapidly expanding economy at the turn of the century made it possible for these new immigrants, often with the help of the bosses, to better their standard of living in the United States. As a result of these new opportunities and new rewards, immigrants came to accept most of the values of the larger American culture and were in mm accepted by the great majority of Americans. For white ethnic groups, therefore, it is generally true that their feeling of being a part of the larger culture, that is, "American" is much stronger than their feeling of belonging to a separate ethnic group-Irish, Italian, Polish, etc.

单选题 Former England international football player Alan Shearer says there needs to be a zero tolerance policy to anyone found guilty of {{U}}fixing{{/U}} in football matches. Six people were arrested on Sunday over fixing, allegations in the sport and have been bailed until April. "You are never going to stop betting but you have to stop the people inside," Shearer said, "It just cannot happen. If anyone is found guilty then there should be zero tolerance." Blackburn striker DJ Campbell was one of six people questioned by police in connection with fixing in football matches. The arrests were made following a story in The Sun Newspaper on Sunday in which Portmouth ex-player Sam Sodje told an undercover reporter he could arrange yellow and red cards in exchange for cash. Following the allegations, the government's Culture Secretary Maria Miller called a meeting with leaders from football, cricket, horse racing, rugby league and rugby union. Football Association general secretary Alex Home said it was "a very positive meeting". He added: "The intelligence that we have is that this isn't a wide-scale issue at the moment but we really welcome the impetus behind the National Crime Agency, it's going to be a really important body for all of us in reminding people that these are criminal activities and that the criminal nature of these activities shouldn't be underestimated." Staines Town manager Marcus Gayle, a former striker for Wimbledon when they were in the top flight, says match-fixers approached one of his players. "I was disgusted that it is still around in the game," he said, "We've had a recent incident in an approach towards our club and a player but we had to do the fight thing. We reported it less than 24 hours. When it was indicated to me that something had gone on, my call was to the chief executive to say that we need to report this to the authorities as soon as possible as we don't want any blemish on us as a club." In a separate investigation, the NCA is examining claims that an international betting syndicate was involved in match-fixing. Four people, including two Conference South players, have been charged with fixing-related offences as part of that investigation. It runs one of five schemes being funded by the European Commission to raise awareness of the issue, while it is working with leagues in six countries—including in the United Kingdom—to develop and pilot education programs.

单选题Questions 14--16 are based on the passage about human intelligence. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.

单选题 What do you do when you want to learn the meaning of a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}word? If you're {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}most people, you do one of two things. You ask someone to tell you the word's meaning, or you look {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the word in a dictionary. The fact that you can look up words in a dictionary can be {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a man named Noah Webster. He produced the first dictionary of American English. Noah Webster was a person who {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}words. He was born in West Hartford, Connecticut in 1758. Webster studied at Yale and later became a teacher and a writer. In 1782 Webster was teaching at an elementary school in Goshen, New York. He saw that the schoolbooks he was using left {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}something he felt was important. The books Webster {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}to use in his teaching came from England. These books were just {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}for teaching English children. But they paid no {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to American culture. Remember, the United States had only just {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}its independence from England. Americans still educated their children the same way the British {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Noah Webster wanted to give his students an education that was strongly {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In writing his first dictionary, Webster was preparing for something grander. He had become familiar {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}many different languages. He felt it was helpful and important to know where words came from their {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. He traveled in England and France {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}research on the histories of English words. In 1807 he began to work on An American Dictionary of the English Language. Webster was seventy years old when he published the first {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}of this important work in 1828. Webster wrote the dictionary completely {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}hand. In those days people didn't have ballpoint pens, much {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}typewriters. He had to use a quill pen, which was a feather with its thickest end {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}into a point. This point was dipped in a bottle of ink in order to write. A writer using a quill pen had to dip the pen constantly to {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the ink.

单选题Questions 14—16 are based on the following monologue about his family. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14—16.

单选题People who dine in a New York restaurant

单选题According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of one's ability to read, write and compute______.

单选题Which of the following is not mentioned in Par

单选题Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution. To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey — in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 — giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades. Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than 30 or 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10- to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this time frame that our Forecast addresses. The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed- back and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years. Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates. For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when (or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for it. In short, we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually "emerged".

单选题What is essential in premarital contracting, according to the woman?

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} Lewis Hine was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, in 1874. As a young boy, he worked long hours in a local factory, experiencing at first hand conditions he would later document so vividly with his camera.In 1903, he acquired a camera and a flashgun, and within a few years became one of the foremost investigative reporters of his days. He first examined the lives of some of the hundreds of thousands of immigrant families who were then crowding the customs sheds at Ellis Island. What happened to them once they set foot on the Promised Land? His photographs showed the appalling conditions that awaited most immigrants: overcrowded, filthy slums; violent, dangerous streets; and poor-paying, enslaving jobs at which men and women roiled to support their young families. Next he turned the illuminating light of his camera on the horrific conditions in America's coal mines. He recorded the squalor(污秽，卑劣) and desperation suffered by miners and their families. Even the government was shocked by photographs of boys--often as young as nine or ten years of age--dirty-faced, pale, undernourished, employed as breaker boys in the unhealthy and dangerous interiors of the nation's coal mines. Hine soon earned the sobriquet that was to stick with him until the end of his days: "the conscience with a camera." In 1908, he was hired as a photographer by the federal government's National Child Labor Committee to investigate child labor conditions in the United States. Hine's pictures of children, ill clothed and barefoot, tending machines in cotton mills, stunned America. Hine realized only too clearly that these ragged, exploited children, who had no chance for an education or hope for the future, were not the only victim. By employing a massive child labor force (over forty thousand children under sixteen years of age worked in cotton mills), industry was also enslaving an entire adult labor force, undercut by this cheap child labor. Hine's photographs were published widely in newspapers, magazines, and National Child Labor Committee reports. Many believe that as a direct result of the publication of photographs as disturbing as the vulnerable little girl working in a cotton mill, the federal government introduced legislation to put an end to such child labor practices.